Year:2003 | Volume:- | Issue:15|Papers Count:11

The aim of this study is to determine an effective method to teach simple and complex skills of pass and shoot in basketball among three different methods: Knowledge of performance, Knowledge of result and goal setting, and both combined. For this purpose, 75 female students were selected (aged between 13 and 17) in the area of study. They were tested by Johnson Modified Test, a passage to make equal groups in view of moving ability. Based on test results, three groups with 25 subjects each were selected. Samples trained for 8 weeks, 3 days a week. At the end of the eighth week, their performance was tested and then they had no training for two weeks and again they were tested for remaining. Pass and shoot were tested as follows: They were passing for 30 seconds to the eccentric circles, 3 meters far away from them. Research gave feedback to knowledge of performance grop on their body status and correct technique. For knowledge of result and goal setting group, feedback was given on their score. Finally, for combined group, feedback from both groups was given. Shooting skills included 5 penalties each subject. The result of the study showed that in both skills and shooting, the combined group was the highest mean scores and the knowledge of performance group was the least mean scores in both performance and remaining tests.

The purpose of this study was to compare the physical fitness level between elementary school students under the supervision of a physical education (PE) teacher and those without PE teacher. For thi~ reason 128, elementary-school male students were selected randomly.They performed 540m and 4x9 m run, (with the average of 11.72±0.58 years, 1.41±0.40 m height and 30.83±7.24 kg weight) under the supervision of a PE teacher. Other 64 students (with the average of 11.41±0.61 years, 1.41±0.27 m height and 31.72±5.06 kg weight) did not have a PE teacher. Analyzing the data showed: There was a significant difference in abdominal muscle endurance (P=0.005) and agility (P=0.035) variables between the two groups, while authors could not find any significant difference in cardiovascular endurance (P=0.472), shoulder muscle endurance (P=0.181) and flexibility (P=0.472). However, the physical fitness level in students with PE teachers was in a better condition than those without a PE teacher (P= 0.028).

The student"s readiness to learn educational aims is called "entry behavior". Research findings reveal that some entry behavior indices playa significant role in educational performance. The aim of this research is to study the role of entry behavior indices including age, sex, method of covering educational expenses, employment and marital status in educational performance of physical Education students at state universititesof the countryduring2000-2001.The research results show that students aged 21-25 have more academic success than other age groups. Moreover, the educational performance is jobless students and those who can afford their tuition fees in comparison with others higher and this difference is statistically significant. The results of the research have not shown any statistical significant difference between the educational performance of men and women or single and married students. The method of this research is causative-comparative. The statistical sample includes 460 physical education students at BA level from state and Azad universities, selected through random-cluster method. The statistic regression analysis, t student Correlation, Chi square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests have been used for data analysis.

In this study, we examined the effects of other peoples presence and qulities of presence (interactive and noninteractive spectators) on fine and gross motor skills learning in the subjects of tabriz university nonathletics students. We selected 114 students randomly and divided them into two groups a) fine motor skills group, b) gross motor skills group. Then subjects were divided into three condition subjects involving: a) alone, b) with interactive audience, c) with noninteractive audiences. Each group of subjects trained in a specific conditions 80 trials in four separate days and participated in the retention test. Data were analized by ANOVA oneway method. The results obtained are as follows: a) They presence or absence of intractive and noninteractive audience have no significant effect on learning the gross motor skills. b) They presence or absence of audience have significant effect on fine motor skills learning. In other word"s presence of spectators inhibited the learning of fine motor skills.

Background: Cerebrovascular attacks have a devastating effect on the lives of their victims. The effects involve sensory-motor, cognitive, psychological as well as many other psychosocial damages. On the other hand, motor learning is a major aspect of human life, since many daily and lifetime skills are learned through a series of complex mechanisms in the nervous system. Although the most known disorder caused by stroke (i.e., the paralysis of limbs and muscles) is investigated thoroughly in past decades, there are few investigations focusing on other aspects of stroke pathology including motor learning. We have performed this study to delineate the consequences of a cerebrovascular attack on the process of motor learning. Patients and Methods: 40 subjects with anterior circulation stroke whose attacks were about two years ago (20 with left - and 20 with right-side lesion), were selected as the experimental group. 40 right-handed control subjects, matched according to sex, age and dominancy with the experimental group, were invited to attend the study. Both groups practiced a fast spatial-temporaltask in either augmented (100%) or faded (67%) feedback circumstances. Evaluation of acquisition, recall and reacquisition was performed after 198 trials. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in performance accuracy and consistency in the acquisition phase and there was no significant difference among the performance patterns of the subjects during the acquisition, recall and Background: Cerebrovascular attacks have a devastating effect on the lives of their victims. The effects involve sensory-motor, cognitive, psychological as well as many other psychosocial damages. On the other hand, motor learning is a major aspect of human life, since many daily and lifetime skills are learned through a series of complex mechanisms in the nervous system. Although the most known disorder caused by stroke (ie., the paralysis of limbs and muscles) is investigated thoroughly in past decades, there are few investigations focusing on other aspects of stroke pathology including motor learning. We have performed this study to delineate the consequences of a cerebrovascular attack on the process of motor learning. Patients and Methods: 40 subjects with anterior circulation stroke whose attacks were about two years ago (20 with left - and 20 with right-side lesion), were selected as the experimental group. 40 right-handed control subjects, matched according to sex, age and dominancy with the experimental group, were invited to attend the study. Both groups practiced a fast spatial-temporaltask in either augmented (100%) or faded (67%) feedback circumstances. Evaluation of acquisition, recall and reacquisition was performed after 198 trials. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in performance accuracy and consistency in the acquisition phase and there was no significant difference among the performance patterns of the subjects during the acquisition, recall and

The aim of this investigation was to study the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in male managers of Shahid Chamran University. Subjects of the study consist of 89 managers and 168 non-managers aged between 25 and 66. Volunteer managers were also divided into physically active and physically unactive groups. A number of cardiovascular risk factors such as C-T, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C, TG,RF, HR, G,BP1, BP2, %Fat and BMI were measured and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics at α = 0.05. The findings of this study showed that: There was a significant difference between C-T(α=0.008),LDL-C (α= 0.012),VLDL-C(α =0.021), TG(α=0.001), FR(α=0.001) and %Fat(α =0.002) in managers and non-managers. There was no significant difference in other factors. Data also showed that the amount of C-T(α =0.026),LDL-C(α0.046), VLDL-C(α =0.005), TG(α=0.007), RF(α=0.018) and resting HR (α =0.014) in active managers were significantly lower than unactive managers, and in other related factors, there was no significant difference. The findings of the study suggests that managers should take part in regular physical activities in order to decrease and prevent the effects of cardiovascular risk factors.The. Study of relationship between Physical Activity and cardiovascular risk Factors among men managers of shohid chamran University

This research was carried out in order to investigate the effects of organizational structure on the organizational commitment among P.E. managers & faculty members of Higher Education UniversitiesT.he questionnaireswere sent to 88 P.E. managers& fuculty members of Higher Education University. The personal characteristics and organizational structure and commitment were assessed by the following questionnaires: 1) Personal. characters questionnaire (research - made), 2) Organizational structure (Sashkin & Morris), 3) Organizational commitment (Mowday, Steers & Porter). Data was .analyzed using cotTelationtests of Kendall, Wzlcoxon& Kruscal Walliss. Based on results: there was a significant cotTelation between organizational structure and organizational commitment in P.E. managers & faculty members (a= 0.0001). The highest degree for organizational commitment existed among P.E. managers & faculty members in Shahid Bahonar Kerman Universityand the last in Tehran Universityand Tarbiat Moalem University.

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of submaximal exercise in crawl swimming with controlled breathing frequency on keratin PhosphoKinase (CPK) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LHD) enzymes, aerobic capacity (VO2max) and the performance of young swimmers. Out of 100 volunteer athletes from university students with swimming skills, 38 students were randomly selected and divided into two experimental and control groups. Both groups underwent an 8 week training program including three sessions per week and 45 to 60 minutes each session. In average, the intensity of the training program was set on 60% HR reserve. In the experimental group and during swimming subjects were asked to control their breathingfrequency (2 to 6 strokes between two consequent breathing manoeuvres increasingly), while the control group was asked to breathe as usual (one breathingmanoeuver each two strokes). Before and after the experiment, the subjects, blood samples were examined to measure CPK and LHD enzymes.Also V02max and swimming records were tested usning Astrand Field Submax test and chronometer. respectively.Results showed that in experimentalgroup, CPK, LDH, VO2max and swimming records significantly (P<0.05) increased by %16.45, %16.12 and %13.07 respectively. Also the experimental group showed a higher speed (%12 faster) in 30m distance swimming than the control group. In conclusion, the interval swimming exercisewith controlled breathingfrequency may increase both aerobic and anaerobic capacity of swimmers and may lead to a better performance.