OURMAZD JOURNAL
Year:2019 | Volume:- | Issue:46 |Papers Count:21

Shahnameh of Ferdowsi is the only document of Iranian national entity and is considered as a mirror of Iranian culture, rituals and myths since the ancient time. In this invaluable art work, many Iranian rituals have been written for various cases and is a sign of civilization, ethics and our national culture. Shahnameh is like a sky full of stars filled up with bright issues and gift is among such subjects. Sometimes this gift is given by a person who has a lower class of the society. Also sometimes, such occasion is an indication of respect, friendship and sometimes is a reflection of fear and trying to reach the heart of the person who receives the gift. In some instances, the gift is given by a person who possesses an upper class in a society and the action is of acknowledgment. Sometimes, such gift can be regarded as a souvenir of a journey and can be presented by an upper class person to a lower one or vice versa.

Literary theorists have studied literary genres from various perspectives. In such condition, Mikhail Bakhtin, a renowned Russian literary theorist has a special status. By emphasizing on the key concept of “ Conversational Logic” and “ Polyphony” for various literary types, he considers these literary types having conversational and polyphonic nature. Bakhtin, whose fame manifested in the Western world firstly for his understanding of carnival then points to the concept of conversation, polyphony and intertextuality in literary pieces. He emphasized on the role of society in forming a humanistic personality. He also believes in the fact that language can in its best way manifest such conversational characteristic. From Bakhtin’ s perspective, a conversation is always related to a conversation or other conversations. In the present study, we intend to study the theories of conversation, polyphony and intertextuality presented by Bakhtin in the poetry of Nima and Akhavan.

Discourse is a term used for examples of language usage and how it affects the audience, including the language of communication, or larger linguistic units such as interviews, conversations, texts, etc. Therefore, discourse manifests in a variety of forms. Sometimes it manifests as a lecture, sometimes a novel, and sometimes as a play or script, and the like. With this mission of discourse, it appears that in some of the texts, especially novels, two or more types of discourse can be distinguished due to the circumstances and the type of sentence structure. The present descriptive-analytical study tried to first define the discourse and then to examine dramatic discourse with respect to the stylistic characteristics of the novel of Hiccup Moments by Ahmad Akbarpour. The findings indicate that the obvious style of the novel is satyre and is structurally close to a play or screenplay, so that if the author has chosen the play and screenplay forms instead of the novel to express his ideology, he would have been still successful.

Language is a social phenomenon and behavior. Language is as vast as life and geography and possesses various sections. Nicknames in each language, is a part of it. Nickname is other than the main name by which the person is recognized and renowned. It also indicates the person’ s humiliation and praising. The Persian equivalence for Nickname is “ Paajnam” . Labeling nicknames in Iran has a history tracked back to pre-Islamic era. According to Hindu Shah Nakhjavani, this part of the capabilities of animated language was current among Arabs in Al-Buyeh and Saljughies dynasties. Then in Iran it substitutes for “ byname” which was an Arabic method. One of the types of nicknames is nicknames used for humiliation and praising. Application of humiliation has a close relationship with “ Threatening” . Nicknames are parts of the universal sections of the animated languages of the world who has various dialects. People applies them in their daily life for communicating with each other. Nicknames are used for pointing and addressing people who own special characteristics and reflect social ties in different societies. The present study aims at comparative analysis of nicknames for humiliation and praising in Kurdi and Persian languages. While the present study is considered as an interdisciplinary research in linguistics, sociology, as well as personal and social psychology, however, can be regarded as a ground for improving human relations in both the abovementioned languages. Consequently, it can bring about more national congruence. To do this, we chose humiliation and praising nicknames of Kurdi and Persian languages, and studied and compared them. The study is of field study type.

Afrasiab is one of the main characters of Shahnameh, who is regarded as an antagonist based on presented definitions, and is the symbol of vice. His dark side helps revealing bright sides of his opponents such as Keykhosrow. The present study is of library research and tries to unveil his various behavioral layers and analyze this prominent and influential character of Shahnameh.

The Lord of epics mastered over dramatic potentials in a vast field of cinematic capabilities and common grounds for facilitating the audience minds for believing them and promoting their artistic comprehension for reaching objective and visual images which are the essence of his art. on another hand, the objective and concrete nature of concepts leads to the fact that it has a dramatic capability comparing to mystical profound concepts and strongly invoke the emotional dimension of the audience. Ferdowsi’ s imagery possesses specific dramatic richness, and one can trace them in cinema abundantly. Findings and evidence of the present research indicates that Ferdowsi has a profound consciousness for imagery and cinematic potentials for expressing emotions, thoughts and feelings and through applying cinematic tools and potentials he was successful for conveying literary images and his artistic mentality. He was beyond his era’ s dramatic and imagery perspective and was very bright and contemplative. In the present study, by applying library research and through analytic – descriptive method, we have introduced images and imageries of the poet of wisdom and essence, his creative and artistic use of cinematic skills in stories (symbolism, color, motion, dialogue, characterization, narration and proper ending) we have analyzed his style.

Today, there is equation between the word of love and its identity in Persian language and literature, and mostly the meaning of this word equals liking accompanying with a kind of commitment, passion, and compassion. Among instances of external comprehension of the meaning of love is the book of “ Veis and Ramin” . This poetry book which is expressing a mutual love and passion of a girl named Veis with the priest king’ s brother named Ramin. It is the first amatory poetry collection in Persian language, in which a mutual love of two persons is beyond social moralities and values. But is it really the story of love between Veis and Ramin or in its hidden layers, it is expressing competitions and conversational cooperations related to the society, politics and the person through applying a hidden language? For answering such question, in the present study by using descriptive analysis and library research and documental archives we try to find out the answer. Research findings which have been gathered through Norman Ferclaf’ s theory of critical discourse analysis indicate that the term “ love” in the poetry collection of Veis and Ramin were under the impact of various factors such as social, political, social class and cultural ones which indicates meaning of like, betrayal, and sacrifice relating to Iranian politics and society in the 2th lunar century.

Love and avenge of the god-mother for the child is the theme of several amatory fictional pieces in Persian literature. Among them two literary works of Siavash and Soudabeh as well as Vamegh and Azra picturize different recitations of love with the two themes. Soudabeh’ s love for Siavash has a tragic aspect and the wandered Vamegh who was left away from the father’ s house by his god-mother after passing numerous hardships that he could not reach Azra led to obscurity of his destiny. What are the similarities and differences in symbols for love and epics in these two literary pieces, and what would they narrate? Research findings which have been gathered by descriptive approach and through library research and applying Teon Von Dayek’ s approach for critical discourse analyses show that love in a curtain for discourse rivalries as well as inter-discourse matters in these two literary works. However, the difference is that in the story of Siavash and Soudabeh, love is a non-sacred concept and was applied as a means of betrayal for accomplishing personal desires which showed the rivalry between Iranian collective unconsciousness with Turanians and Hamavaran and the issue is hidden. However, in Vamegh and Azra literary work, love is a sacred effort for breaking so-called moral paradigms which govern people’ s minds. In other words, in Siavash and Soudabeh’ ’ story, womanly inclinations which are not congruent with cultural beliefs, are being destroyed and it leads to the death of lover and beloved which enforces out of discourse rivalries. However, Vamegh and Azra reflects a legitimate personal desire which has friction with absolute social constructions, and sometimes it defeats them to reach the loved one. But the fortune obscures these two persons’ destiny in the original Greek story as well as the oldest version of it means Masnavi of Onsori.

Amir Kabir is one of the influential rulers of the Qajar government apparatus, who made important corrective actions to promote the affairs of the country. His remaining documents, which are of great importance, were his letters to Nasser-al-Din Shah, indicating their kind of dialogue. Imam Khomeini is one of the biggest characters of the islamic republic, whose idea, words and other personality characteristics, have given a different color to his works. In terms of the categories of prose types, they political letters are a kind of prose, and the authors has used folk script to express his purpose. The most important syntactic features of these letters are: letters, language and spoken expressions, and they use slang writing. Linguistic command and structure The sentences are more spoken. The collection of these characteristics, has made his method of political letter writing more distinguished than the others. Long sentences, depending on the situation, are more frequent then the short ones. Arabic benedictory sentences have taken a small part of the grammer. The distinct part of Imam's political letters, is his avoidance of linguistic complexity. Conversational and speaking way of writing the sentences, is one of the most important factors of his syntactic feature. Sentences are similar in speech. He gathers the mass of people in syntactic manner. Study in seminary and having the role of authority also causes the conversational tone of Imam. He also uses arabic sentences as exemplification and confession. Statements are simple, clear and straight, but duo to the usage of arabic words and other religous terms reader may have some pauses. The main principle in his writings is simplicity and ignorance in difficulties.

Baluchi language in today’ s geographical borders of Iran possesses two main dialects called Southern (Makkarani) and Northern (Sarhaddi). These two dialects have varied differences which can be compared from various angels. In the present study, we have studied 211 words in these two dialects by considering two aspects of phonological differences and term differences. Findings indicate that from the perspective of phonology, there are differences such as tension, inversion, congruent clusters, deletion, addition, conversion of vowels; and from the word differences we can point to factors such as applying simple and compound structures in the two dialects. Research findings indicate can be influential in various subjects regarding dialect ranking as well as words criteria; this is true when we see that sometimes using a word can be enough to determine where the speaker belongs to.

In today’ s world, we face producing goods and services. Attracting costumers’ attention and influencing them to purchase more are among key concepts of branding and business. In this process, conforming coded symbols in advertising and introducing goods and services lead to the direct request of costumers and consumers. In this respect, applying human common grounds and human collective sense in selling goods or services is very efficient. “ Anthropomorphism” or “ Personification” is an influential procedure in graphic design of products or services. While attracting the person and increasing his cognitions and involving his emotions, and in fact by invoking his emotions, it would guide the costumer for purchases. Mascot as an attractive character and trade identity for organizations and corporates is a manifestation of anthropomorphism which is born in the forms of human, animal or object and even natural phenomena, and it would be permanently stuck in the minds of the audience through personification approach. This approach which is among archetypes and human being have faced it since his creation and even his own birth, would be examined from the viewpoint of advertising and sending messages for goods and services. From such perspective, we would study the role of Mascot and its key role as an influential symbol. Through descriptive, analytic and library research and by means of documental resources as well as examination of characterization with a special approach towards Anthropomorphism in graphic design in today’ s Iranian society, we hope that it would be promoted to a symbolic imagery conveying messages to the audience. We also hope that it would promote and expand the visual level and creativeness of the audience.

Simin Daneshvar has a special place in the Iranian fiction. Among her novels and stories, “ Savushun” is a novel that tells the best of stories. The content analysis of this novel through psychological assessments and novel archetypal criticisms will substantially contribute to the understanding of the essence of this novel. Hence, in this paper it was tried to analyze the aforesaid writer’ s approach to archetypes. Given the place of Carl Gustav Jung in depth psychology, this research was based on Jung’ s psychoanalytical viewpoints The research findings showed that in this story a society, which is challenged by foreign invasion and whose government, landlords and aristocrats are considerably influenced by opportunism, is depicted, and the characters bear the heavy burden of explaining and reflecting some characteristics and concepts from the collective memory of a “ masked, shady, and superstitious” society that seeks for a hero or savior. Some features and concepts arising from the collective memory will explain a society with plenty of masks, shadows and superstitions. Such society always seeks heros and saviors. The ultimate analysis of the archetypal data revealed that “ rebirth” was the most pivotal archetypal characteristic and the most important message of the “ Savushun” novel.

Nezami can be regarded as one of the prominent figures for symbolization in Persian literature specially in fictional sphere. The reflection of such artistic skill is evident in his masterpiece of Haft Peykar is its most beautiful possible manner. In Haft Peykar, Nezami possesses a mystical and philosophical viewpoint towards stories. For showing such perspective, who gets help from architecture of domes, and decorating girls with similar colors of domes and arranging all of these elements with various planets. All of these stories are in a hierarchical connection with colors and specific architecture with the help of verbal and visual factors. However, at the background of this external beauty, there lays a mystical word, and only wise people and mystics can understand it. In the present study, we aim at selecting this color and this story for Monday by means of content analysis of the third story (Monday). It would bring about a way for better comprehension of Haft Peykar.