Journal of Veterinary Research
Year:2002 | Volume:57 | Issue:2|Papers Count:23

New Page 1 Objective: To compare different procedures of immunization of chicken with precocious line of Eimeria tenella, Design: Completely randomized design, Animals:Three hundred and sixty day-old Aryan broiler chicks, Procedure: Chicks werc randomly assigned to four treatments, Each treatment was contained of 3 replicate floor pens of 30 chicks, One treatmcnt considered as control and was not immunize, For immunizing the other three groups, oral, intra-ocular, and intracloacal routs were used, All of the chicks were challenged at 28 days of post-immunization with 2×104 Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts per bird. Surveillances for coccidian oocysts on feces and litter samples were continued until the day 9 post challenge and determining oocyst counts per gram oflittcr sample were carried out up to 8 weeks of rearing, Statistical analysis: Analysis of variance,Tukeys test. Results: The results showed that the OPG in control groups were significantly more than three immunized groups (P<0.01), Among immunized treatments, the lowest OPG was related to the chicks which had been vaccinated by oral rout. It was indicated that the three routcs of immunization caused aquired immunity to species which had been used for challenge, Taking sample from litter was a good way for monitoring oocysts count, Conclusion: According to obtained results, it could be concluded that vaccination against coccidiosis with all of the routes which were used in this experimental trial (including oral, intra-ocular, and intra-cloacal) cou1d cause the adequate immune response in chicken,

New Page 1 Objective: Case presentation of oral malignant melanoma in a dog Design: Case report Animal: A 15 years old Yorkshire terrier bitch. Case history: In the spring of 1996 a dog was admitted in the Small Animal Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University with the signs of halitosis, fistulae tract beneath her left medial canthus and haemorrhagic salivation. In clinical examination of the oral cavity, a black tumoral mass, which was attached to the left molar gingiva of the maxilla. was observed. There was not seen any local invasion to the bone and systemic metastasis to lungs by radiological examination. The tumoral mass was excised and sent for histopathological examination. The diagnosis of malignant melanoma was confirmed. Clinical implication: Oral malignant melanoma is one of the most malignant tumours in the dogs. This kind of tumour usually has poor prognosis. This is the first report of oral malignant melanoma in dogs in Iran.

New Page 1 Objective: Study of the effects of various concentration of cadmium namely 5 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm on feed conversion rate and body growth of meat type chickens. Design: An experimental study. Statistical analysis: Analysis of variance and Scheffe method. Animals: Anusher of 284 Ross breed broiler chickens. Procedure: The chickens were randomly allocated into 4 groups and each group were further divided into 3 replicates. The replicates were randomly distributed in the 12 batteries. The chicks were kept in a standard conditions of temperature, light, humidity in a well ventilated room for 49 days (7 weeks).TI1e rations used in the study were formulated based on R.C.A recommendation. Results: Statistical analysis of data obtained during experiment, indicated that the higher concentrations of cadmium in rations, have a deletl10us effect on feed conversion rates and growth pattel11 of the broiler chickens. There was no significant difference between replicates in each separated group including control ,5 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm. In the days 7 of experiment, the mean body weight of control group was signiticantly different from mean body weight of 100 ppm group (1<0.05). In second week there was no signiticant difference between groups of control and 5 ppm with group of l00 ppm (1<0.01). More over there was a significant difference between control group and 50 ppm group (1<0.01). From day 21 until termination of experiment (day 49), there were no significant difference between group of control and group of 5 ppm. However the differences were highly signiEcant between these two groups and groups of 50 and l00 ppm (1<0.01). Conclusion: It is concluded that small amount of cadmium (5 ppm) in feed ration of the chickens does not significantly affect on body growth, whereas the presence of higher amounts of cadmium (100 pp m) in the ration causes a growth retardation which is attributed to the toxic effects of cadmium.

New Page 1 Objective: Study of normal histological feature of brain in Rutilus frissi kutum. Design: Descriptive study. Animals: Five adult and normal fish. Procedure: A total number of five fish from Caspian sea fishing regions were subjected to this study. Tissue specimens were taken from mesencephal and cerebellum. After fixation in 10% fromalin for 24h, they were transferred into the tissue processor, Paraffin blocks were made and thin sections of five micron were cut. The sections were subjected to staining by hematoxylin and eosin and were studied under the light microscope and photomicrographs were taken. Results: The different parts of the brain were, telencephal, diencephal, mesencephal, cerebellum and myelencephal. The mesencephal and cerebellum were composed of both white and gray matter. White matter contained myelinated and unmyelinated fibers and microglical cells. Conclusion: This species in the Caspian sea like the other vertebrates, possess a density of nervous tissue as brain in the rostral part of the body. Considering the extension of brain this species can be compaired with higher vertebrates. In this fish the mesencephal which is responsible for vision has highly developed. For this, they have sharp-sighted eyes and seem to be good chasers. Generally the vision power of fishes are diffirent and more dependent with their habitat. Cerebellum occupies most of the hindbrain and Its weight is different in each fish and histologically the arrangement and shape of the constituting cells are similar to those of other fishes and mammals.

New Page 1 Objective: To compare the effects of adding diatomite (D) and natural zeolite (NZ) into diets on broiler chicks performance and percentage of moisture in the litter. Design: Completely randomized design. Animals: Six hundred day-old male Ross 208 broiler chicks. Procedure: Chicks were randomly assigned to five treatments divided into four replicates. Five diets were employed for each treatment in this experiment. One treatment received a diet without addition of diatomite and zeolite. Four other treatments fed diets containing different levels of diatomite and zeolite (2 % Diatomite, 3 % Diatomite, 3 % Zeolite, and I % Diatomite + 2 % Zeolite). The chicks were maintained on their dietary treatments for 48 days. Body weight (BW) feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined for each treatment at 21, 42 and 48 days of age. For evaluation of litter condition, the litter moisture for each group of treatments at 21,28,35,42 and 48 days of age were determined. Statistical analysis: Data for all response variables were subjected to ANOVA. Variable means for treatments showing significant differences in the ANOVA were compared using the Tukeys test. Results: At the end of the experiment, addition of3% zeolite and combination of 1% diatomite + 2% zeolite into dicts significantly decreased BW (P< 0.05). No significant differences were observed among BWs of chicks in control and treatments fed diets containing 2% or 3% diatomite. Among treatment groups, only addition of combination of 1% diatomite + 2% zeolite increased FCR significantly (P< 0.05). There were no significant differences among litter moisture of experimental treatments (P< 0.05). The best litter condition was belonged to group that received diet supplemented with 3% ditomite. Conclusion: obtained results indicated that at the end of this experimental trial period, addition of diatomite and natural zeolite into diets did not caused any significant improvement on BW, FCR and litter moisture in broiler chicks. However, since addition of 3% diatomite into diet, partially decreased litter moisture, and there was no significant difference between performance of chicks fed this diet and control, it seems that inclusion of diatomite up to 3% in broiler diets could be recommended for reducing litter moisture.

New Page 1 Objective: This study was done to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthic infection of stray cats in Isfahan. Design: This study was performed based on a cross sectional design from late 1998 to mid 1999. Animal: One hundred and thirty one stray cats were collected from different urban areas of Isfahan. Procedure: Animals were euthanised by high doses of anesthetic drugs and all of the parasites in their digestive system were isolated. After fixation of the samples in 10% formalin their identification were performed based on parasitological characteristics. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics and chi square. Results: Total infection rate in stray cats in this study was 98.5%. In parasitological study two nematodes: Physaloptera praeputialis (36/6%) and Toxocara cati (13%) and five cestodes : Taenia taeniaeformis (9.2%), Diplopylidium nollery (0.7%), Mesocestoides lineatus (7.6%), Joyeoxiella pasqualie (75.6%) and Joyeoxiella echinorhncoides (3%) were identified. Maximum number of parasites in one animal belonged to Joyeoxilla pasqualie (28.1 worm). Conclusion: There was not any significant difference in infection rate between males and females. However, with regard to age, it seems that older animals are more prone to acquire the infection. Furthermore, results of the study showed that many stray cats in urban areas of Isfahan harbor a parasitic infection. This emphasizes the importance of collection of these animals to improve hygienic parameters.

New Page 1 Objective: The incidence of the postparturient hemoglubinuria (PPH) in the cattle population is very low, and usually only one or two cases will be seen at one time in an individual herd. In Shahrekord area, between June and July 2000, 15 cases had been observed suffering from PPH. Design: Field study and sample survey. Animals: Fifteen parturient dairy cattle suffering from PPH. Procedure: Clinical signs were noticed and blood samples were taken from jugular vein of PPH cows, for measuring the levels of calcium and phosphorus. Statistical analysis: Discriptive statistics. Results: Serum levels of calcium and phosphorus were as 8.2±0.45 and 2.85±0.31 mg/dl, respectively. Clinical implications: Some epidemiological aspects such as; decrease rainfall (approximately 7% less than last year), warm weather (approximately 0.5c higher than last year), decrease roughage quality, primary selenium and secondary copper deficiency (I) and hypophosphatemia (13) may interfere with evidence of postparturient haemoglubinuria.

New Page 1 Objective: Isolation and confirmation of canine Parvovirus in Iran. Design: Case study. Procedure: A 7 months male dog was reffered to Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran, with clinical sings of vomiting, diarrhea and anorexia. In clinical examinations, severe dehydration, melena and in cell blood count, leukopenia were evident. Immunobloating test in order to antigen detection in stool sample was positive for canine parvovirus. The sample was cultured in MDCK cell line. In 4th passage many focuses of CPE were seen after 3-4 days, these cell culture fluids tested by antigen detection kits for canine parvovirus and received positive results from those samples, that confirm isolation of canine parvovirus from above mentioned case. A sample of cell cultuer supernstent, after preparation was studied by E.M and parvoviral particles was detected. Conclusion: This if to first report of dog parrovirus isolation in Iran.

New Page 1 Objective: To compare the antimicrobial activity (The minimum supporting and maximum inhibiting pH values) of 3 organic (acetic, lactic, citric) and one morgonic (hydrochloric) acids aginst S. aureus growth. Design: Experimental study, multiple factorial analysis using inoculation technic. Procedure: The effects of pH (6 to 4 with 0.2 unit intervals) adjusted by three organic (acetic, lactic, citric) and one inorganic (Hydrochloric) acids, 3 levels of temperature (15, 25, 350C) stared up to 14 days were evaluated on the growth of S. aureus with inoculum level of 105/ml in Brain heart infusion broth (BHI) the pH border of growth and no growth was determined based on the turbidity of BHI after 14 days, and the pH border of survival and death of organism was determined using a subculture from no growth condition of BHI samples on Baird Parker agar plates at the end of 14 days meubation. Results: The highest pH values of growth and no growth were observed in the case of acetic acid (5.2 and 5, 504 and 5.2, 5.8 and 5.6 at 35, 25 and 15°C, respectively), where as, the lowest pH values belonged to hydrochloric acid (with <4 and 4 at 35 and 0 0 25 C, and 5 and 5.2 at 15 C). The bacteriostatic and bacteriocidic effects of acids were in the order of acetic> lactic> citric> hydrochloric. These effects decreased with increasing the temperature of storage in all of he acids used in this study

New Page 1 Objective: The first case report of ocular rhabdomyosarcoma in an Iranian cross-breed cow. Design: Case report. Animals: An Iranian cross-breed cow. Case history: An J8 -years old cross - breed holstein cow with 400 kg weights was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Tehran University. Enlargement of left eye, serosanguineous disehrage and blind disorder were observed clinically. Because of poorly prognosis, the eye was enucleated by surgical intervention. Results: The tumor shape macroscopically was spherical and approximately J5 cm in diameters. The mass was unencapsulated, with a gray coloration and Its consistency was rather hard. Histopathology revealed that the tumor cells were poorly differentiated and giant cell as well as some large vacuolated cells (spider cells) were also present. Mitotic figures wcre numerous, and hence tumor cells were clearly plemorphic. Nuclei were variable in size, and predominant shape of them over and vesicular with numerous nucleoli. Large angular cells were present. In special staining (Von Gieson) for connective tissue, skeletal muscle as well as epithelium cells stained yellow and collagen fibers stained red. According to the histopathology and special staining finding this tumor diagnosed as a pleomorphic type of rhabdomyosarcoma.

New Page 1 Objective: To determine the fauna and prevalence of roundworm infections of red foxes in Iran. Design: Sample Survey. Animals: Twenty four red foxes were catched from different parts of Iran. Procedure: Examination of different organs including alimentary canal, abdominal cavity, liver, Kidneys, Heart and lungs for roundworm infections were done. The worms found in the washed contents of alimentary canal and sliced organs were eol1ected, counted and indentified under the microscope after being cleared in lactopheno1. Results: Alimentary tract was the only organ to be found infected with 10 species of nematodes and one speceis of acanthocephale as fol1ow. Oesophagus: Spirocerca lupi (12.5%). Stomach: Physaloptera praeputialis (4%), Spirura rytipleurites (16.5%). Smal1 intestine: Toxascaris leonina (12%), Peterigodermiatites (Multipectines) affinis (20%), Ancylostoma caninum (25%), Uncinaria stenocephala (4%). Capillaria sp. (4%), Oxynema crassispiculum (54%), Onicola canis (24%). Large intestine: Trichuris vulpis (8%). Conclusion: Al1 the parasites reported here are recorded for the first time from red fox in Iran and S. rytipleurites, P. affinis, O. crassispiculum, capillaria sp and Onicala canis are reported for the first time from carnivores of Iran. According to minimum and maximum number of worms recovered from infected animals (two for P praeputialis and 48 for. O. crassispiculum) no pathogenicity can be noticed for worm burden of examined animals.

New Page 1 Design: Case report. Case history: One month old kitten was referred to VTH of Veterinary Faculty of University of Tehran with a history of depression, labored breathing and poor appetite. Plain and contrast radiography revealed severe megaesophagus. The only treatment which advised, was holding the kitten in upright position after meal for 15 minutes. After two months, the kitten showed remarkable improvement, clinically and radiographically. This is the first report of feline megaesophagus in Iran.

New Page 1 Objective: To evaluate transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation in treatment of chronic tendosynovitis in horses. Design: Clinical field study. Animals: Fifteen adult sport horses of different breeds and sexes Methods: Horses were randomly divided into 3 groups of five animals each according to local swelling, pain, duration of lameness and type of treatment suggested. In group I animals, local analgesic ointment was used once a day for 30 days, whereas in group II animals transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation (T.E.N.S) was given 24 minutes for 15 to 30 days. The combination of red-lamp exposure for 15 minutes from 30 cm distance followed by T.E.N.S application 24 minutes daily for 15 to 30 days subsequently in animals of group III. Statistical analysis: Paired student "t" test. Result: There was no apparent quantitative or qualitative changes in group I animals. There was complete improvement in 3 horses of group II within 15 days with no pain or resistance during the exercise or application of pressure on the site. The mild degree of pain and lameness was observed in 2 cases of this group. There was complete improvement and good prognosis in 4 cases of group III with no significant changes in local circumferences. Conclusions: Clinical observations shown even so there is local reaction in chronic tendosynovitis cases as major clinical sign but application of such physical methods (T.E.N.S) having effect on increasing local blood supply and diminishing pain will have positively drastic effect on increasing body performances. Clinical relevance: T.E.N.S as a physical method of therapy is quite effective in reducing pain and swelling in chronic tendosynovitis in horses.

New Page 1 Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity of B.ovis isolate in Iran under experimentally condition. Design: Experimental study. Procedure: The infected blood from Urmia naturally infected sheep was injected to the 7 healthy lambs. The blood samples of the lambs were taken before and at the third, fifth, ninth and eleventh days after injection. Haematological studies were done on these samples. Statistical analysis: Analysis of variance, Duncans multiple range, test. Results: The lambs showed clinical symptoms 3-5 days after injection. The comparison between the blood parameter (MCHC, Ht, Hb and RBCs count) before and after injection, showed highly significant decrease and increased The MCV (P< 0.001). Total WBC decreased, but differential count had no significant differences. Conclusion: In this study, it was shown that the B. avis  isolate from naturally infected sheep in Iran is able to induce acute babesiosis experimentally.

New Page 1 Objective: This study was conducted to obtain information about different electrocardiograghic parameters in healthy broilers and their probable change in ascite syndrome. Design: Observational study. Animal: Arian broiler chicks. Procedure: Arian broiler chicks were divided into control and treatment groups. The control birds were reared in standard condition while the treatment chicken were kept in 13-16°C temperature. Statistical analysis: One way repeated measure ANOVA, student "t" test. Results: In both groups heart rate decreased (P<0.01) in relation to age of birds, although this pattern was significantly (P<0.01) greater in treatment than in control group. Four QRS complex configurations, rs, QS, RS, and rS were observed in ventricular depolarization complex. rS complex was the most (P>50%) prevalent and rs was the least. The R wave was found in all elevated leads with relatively high frequency, but no significant (P>0.05) changes were found related to the age of chicks. S wave was observed with the frequency of  100% in all ages. In control group S wave amplitude was not significantly elevated according to age, but in treatment group its changes in relation to the age was statistically significant (P<0.05). The amplitude of S wave was also significantly greater in treatment group than the other. The duration of ventricular depolarization complex was not significantly different according to the age of chicks in both groups. The mean electrical axis of ventricular depolarization complex in frontal surface, in both groups, regardless of the variation within groups, were negative and it was not significantly different between both groups. Clinical implications: This study indicated that the ventricular depolarisation wave distributed along the longitudinal axis of body directed from back to front and close to the midline wiht tendency to left side. In conclusion it can be postulated that the dramatic variations could be seen in ECG of ascitic chicken and also electrocardiography is a noninvasive tool in diagnosis of the pulmonary hypertension syndrome.

New Page 1 Objective: To what extent do factors such as long periods of transportation by vehicles especially in inclement weather, crowdness in trailers and the resultant stress can cause changes in haematological parameters and how these changes can be differentiated from haematological changes induced by other causes. Design: Independent concurrent experimental studies. Animal: Twenty clinically healty male calves, 4-10 months old and average weight of 160kg. Procedure: During a period of 42 days experiment, the calves were kept indoors and fed alfalfa hay and eorn silage ad libitum. After a period of adaptation, on day 21, the first blood sample was taken from all calves in order to have the baseline data. Then the calves were divided into three groups: Control I (5 calves) which kept at stable and had free access to food and water during a l2-hour period of transportation of the experimental group. Control 2 (5 calves) which confined at stab1c but were deprived of food and water at the same time, and experiment (10 calves) which were transported and deprived of food and water. On day 26, when transportation began, blood samples were obtained simultaneously from all groups at 0, I ,3,6 and 12 hours of transportation. On day 27, blood samples were taken from the experimental group and both control groups. Then on days 31 and 42, blood samples were taken from the both experimental and control groups (2). Haematological parameters were measured with routine laboratory methods. Statistical analysis: A analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and paired student "t". Results: Haematological examination of blood samples revealed that the number of RBCs, WBCs, neutrophils and the level of cortisol and PCV significantly increased, but lymphocytes and monocytes significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control groups (I &2) on the day of transportation (P<0.05). Conclusion: Transport stress caused significant changes in scrum cortisol values and haematological parameters in calves. Furthemore; the maximum effects of transportation-induced haematological changes are produced in the early stage of transport. More sii,11ificant changes are produced in the early stage of transport. More significant changes in haematological parameters and serum cortisol values are expected during longer transport periods. These changes are induced by physiological changes in the haematological system and adrenal gland during stress.

New Page 1 Objective: To assess the effect of natural concentrations of LPS in cows milk on E.coli  O111 :B4 in UHT milk. Design: Experimental study. Procedure: Different concentrations of Ecoli (101_103_107cfu/ml) were inoculated into the UHT milk which contained active LPS to study the effect of the system on the microorganism. Two concentrations of LP (10 and 30 ppm) which are the naturally accured of this enzyme in raw milk were prepared and added to the UHT milk together with each of the microorganism concentrations mentioned above with 0.25 mM of thiocy, anate and 0.25 mM of hydrogen peroxide, control was prepared using UHT milk with 108 cfu /ml of microorganism. All the samples and control were stored at 4°C and 25°C and tested at 0, 1,2,7 and 14 days intervals. For each sample and control two repetation were considered. Statistical analysis: Two ways analysis of variance. Results: The micro organism in the samples showed thc same growth trendes as in the controls. The data obtained in this study, shows that the LPS has no considerable antibacterial effect on Ecoli O111:B4

New Page 1 Objectives: To determine hydroxyproline and connective tissue in heated meat products (birchinken) marktting in Tehran in order to determination of protein quality in this product. Design: Cross- Sectional. Sample: Sixty samples from birchinken. Procedure: In this Survey 60 Samples of birch ink en contain meat . more than 80% produced by 12 factories, selected via haphazardly sampling and the hydroxyproline, collagen and collagen! crude protein contents were analyzed in all samples by spectrophotometric method (AOAC). Statistical analysis: One-way Analysis of Variance. Results: This study showed that means of hydroxyproline, collagen and collagenous connective tissue/crude protein in 100gr birchinken produced by 12 factories were in order: 0.190.01 (0.16-0.21), 1.540.04 (1.19-1.66) and 9.190.74 (7.55-10.0). There were not significant differences between them. Conclusion: It was councluded that chemical analysis such as biological analysis should be used for quality control of meat products, and means of hydroxyproline, collagen.

New Page 1 Objective: Evaluation the serological reactions against Revl vaccine and the effects of different ages of vaccination on titers, Design: Comparative study. Animals: One hundred and eighty six lambs, which had received one dose of Rev I vaccine, underwent on this study. Procedure: To be sure that all animals were free from brucellosis, they were checked with RBPT before vaccination. All animals were tested with RBPT, Wright and 2ME. These lambs divided to 8 ages - group with one-month interval differences from 4 to I I months old. Statistical analysis: Linear regression analysis. Results: After vaccination only 6 lambs were positive by RBPT up to 42 weeks post vaccination. Wrights titers dropped to zero as bellow: in 4 months old group after 14 weeks; in 5, 6 and 11 months old after 30 weeks; in 10 months old after 36 weeks, and in 9 months old after 42 weeks. In 42nd week, mean titer of the 7 and 8-months-old group were respectively 1.85 and 6.15. 2ME titer dropped to zero as fallow: in 4 and 5 months old group after 14 weeks; in II month old after 18 weeks; in 6 month old after 24 weeks; and other groups after 42 weeks. Conclusion: According to the results the 4 months old group had the sharpest decreasing titer in cantrast to the 7, 8 and 9 months old group that had been slowest ones. Significant differences in the titer between group of 4 and 8 months old, especially in the were found last weeks of titration. Moreover in 7 and 8 months old group the titers lasted relatively for a longer time than the others. In conclusion, age of vaccination against Rev I had considerable effects on serological titers.

New Page 1 Objective: To compare the effects of two non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (flunixin meglumine and ketoprofen) on haematological and some biochemical parameters of cattle. Design: Self controlled experimental study. Animals: Five clinically healthy male cattle with average weight of 150:t5kg. Procedure: Blood samples were taken for 3 consecutive days after administration of equal volume of distilled water as for control. Ketoprofen (30 fig/kg BW) was given intramuscularly for 3 days. Blood samples were obtained from the first treatment day until four days after final dosage. All the cattle were given 2 months rest and then blood samples were collected in a similar way as described above, before the second drug was given. Flunixin meglumine (22 fig/kg BW) was injected intravenously for 5 days and blood samples were collected for 7 days starting from the first day of injection. Statistical analysis: The data were analysed statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The differences between the means were statistically estimated by the Duncans test. Results: Results revealed that PCV decreased and the percentage of neutrophils and monocytes increased significantly in flunixin meglumine group (p<0.05) when compared with the ketoprofen group which showed no significant changes. In the ketoprofen group, concentration of creatinine increased significantly (p<0.05). However, in the flunixin meglumine group, concentrations of albumin, glucose, urea nitrogcn, calcium and the activity of AST decreased significantly (p<0.05) and concentrations of creatinine and total globulin increased significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: On the basis of the results it is concluded that ketoprofen has less side effects on haematological and biochemical parameters of cattle than flunixin meglumine.