Koomesh
Year:2015 | Volume:16 | Issue:2 (54)|Papers Count:26

One of the consequences of the worldwide population aging phenomenon is the increasing number of the neurodegenerative diseases, with Alzheimer's disease, as the most predominant one. The prevalence and etiology of Alzheimer's varies in different regions of the world, due to the structure of the aged populations in different countries. The social and economic burdens of geriatric diseases in the decade of the "demographic transition", have engaged the health systems in a serious challenge. Thus, it seems essential to identify the developing factors for neurodegenerative diseases in each country. In this review, the etiology of Alzheimer's disease has been investigated in different populations, also the possible factors that may explain the risk of developing Alzheimer’s in the future (such as vascular risk factors and depression) as well as protective factors that may reduce the risk of incidence (such as social, physical and cognitive activities, diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants, and controlled vascular risk factors). Studies have shown that beginning education in early life and being engaged with entertaining mental activities during adulthood, while trying to maintain on good vascular health or optimal controlling vascular diseases can be preventive strategies against Alzheimer’s disease.

Introduction: Phonological awareness and working memory are two important factors in literacy acquisition. Since auditory system plays an essential role in phonological processing, we investigated such skills in deaf population in the present study.Materials and Methods: Twenty deaf children with severe and profound bilateral sensory-neural hearing loss and twenty healthy control subjects were examined in this cross-sectional study. Children were students in second grade of public elementary schools in Karaj city (Iran). All participants were given phonological awareness, reading comprehension, visual working memory and auditory-verbal memory tests. Between-groups data analysis was processed and the relationship between task scores was investigated in the deaf group.Results: Deaf children had significantly less scores in all tasks (p˂0.001) compared to their normal peers except for the visual working memory test. There was a positive correlation between reading comprehension and both the visual working memory and phonological awareness in the deaf group. Nevertheless no relationship was found between reading comprehension and auditory-verbal memory.Conclusion: Deaf children used both their phonological awareness and orthographic knowledge In the reading activity, requiring a good visual working memory. Although it seems that such children are reliant on their visual ability and not their auditory or kinetic senses in phonological acquisition.

Introduction: Chronic renal failure produces physical and psychological problems in patients who are receiving hemodialysis, because of reducing the life standards. Selenium deficiency is common in hemodialysis patients. Selenium has antioxidant and cardio-protective effects, which can raise the quality of life in hemodialysis patients. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of selenium supplement on quality of life in hemodialysis patients.Materials and Methods: In this one-blinded clinical trial, 80 hemodialysis patients were selected by random systematic sampling and divided into experimental and control groups. Experimental group received 200 micrograms of selenium supplement in the form of selenium yeast and control group received a placebo capsule every day for three months. Quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) specific to hemodialysis patients was completed for every patient at the beginning and at the end of the intervention.Results: quality of life improved in the group receiving selenium supplements, both in the physical and mental aspects (P<0.05), while no significant changes were seen in the control group. In comparing two groups after three months, significant differences were seen in the aspects of general health, social functioning and degree of limitations due to emotional problems and mental health.Conclusion: Selenium has a significant effect on improving quality of life in hemodialysis patients and in this way it can affect general health in these patients. This study, for the first time, has taken into consideration the potential effects of selenium supplement on improving the quality of life in hemodialysis patients.

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the common and increasing causes of mortality and morbidity. Considering the inflammatory nature and the known complications of this disease, in the present study the relationship between complete blood count (CBC) parameters and disease severity has been investigated.Materials and Methods: In the present study, 48 COPD patients and 48 healthy individuals underwent spirometry with or without bronchodilator. For CBC, fasting blood samples were obtained from all the participants. Results and supplementary information were recorded in questionnaires.Results: White blood cell (WBC) counts were significantly higher in COPD patients compared to the control group (P=0.012). However, there was no significant difference between low and high stages of the disease (P=0.449). Absolute and relative neutrophils counts were also significantly higher in COPD patients than the control group (P=0.005 and P=0.035, respectively). In high stages of COPD, relative neutrophils count was significantly higher compared to that of the low stages (P=0.004). Our results showed no significant differences in platelets, hemoglobin and mean platelet volume (MPV) between COPD patients and control group and also between the different stages of COPD.Conclusion: In the present study, we observed higher WBC and absolute and relative neutrophils counts in COPD patients compared to the control, which is consistent with the inflammatory nature of the disease. Furthermore, relative neutrophils count was related to COPD severity.

Introduction: In recent years, hepatitis diseases have become prevalent in the world. The correct diagnosis of hepatitis disease is not a straight task. The goal of this paper is to introduce a new intelligent system for automatic hepatitis diagnosis based on machine learning approaches.Materials and Methods: the proposed approach consists of three stages, namely dimension reduction, classification, and fusion of classifiers. The hepatitis disease features were obtained from UCI machine learning repository. First, features have been normalized. Then, the number of these features is reduced to 10 from 19 by principal component analysis. In the next step, the reduced features are fed to three classifiers. Finally, a classifiers fusion to improve the efficiency and more reliable results using majority voting is presented.Results: the proposed approach obtained a classification accuracy of 96.32 via 10 fold cross validation.Conclusion: according to the results, the proposed system can be used as an intelligent partner for the final hepatitis diagnosis by physician.

Introduction: Identification of risk factors and their interactions is important in medical studies. The aim of this study was to identify the interaction of risk factors of cerebral palsy in children with 1-6 years of age.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study the data of 225 children, 1-6 years of age and from 2008 to 2009, were corporate in penalized logistic regression analysis to identify the interactions between the risk factors for cerebral palsy in affected children. Data analysis was performed using the software R version 2.15.2.Results: Selective regression model analyzed the data from 89 children with cerebral palsy and 109 healthy children by using forward step-wise procedure showed the significant difference between the main effects of asphyxia (P<0.001), consanguinity (P=0.003), preterm delivery (P=0.002) and current pregnancy (P=0.001) with cerebral palsy. While using a forward stage-wise procedure of any main effects of asphyxia (P<0.001), consanguinity (P<0.001) and the effects of preterm delivery: consanguinity (P=0.040), current pregnancy: consanguinity (P=0.002) were identified.Conclusion: Penalized logistic regression is suggested to identify interactions between risk factors of disease such as cerebral palsy.

Introduction: About 7% of world populations are suffered from diabetes disease and its widespread complications. There are several studies about the beneficial effects of aerobic and resistance exercises on blood pressure and heart rate parameters in type 2 diabetic patients. Although, eccentric exercise may improve stroke volume, cardiac output and oxygen consumption and reduces the load on the cardiovascular system, there is no study to investigate the effects of eccentric exercise on these parameters in these patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eccentric and concentric exercises on blood pressure and heart rate parameters in type 2 of diabetic patients.Materials and Methods: 28 type 2 diabetic patients were assigned randomly in one of the two experimental eccentric and concentric groups (7 male and 7 female in each group) using treadmill for 8 weeks (3 session per week). Before and after intervention, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate were measured.Results: The data shows that heart rate and blood pressure may significantly reduce by botheccentric (P<0.0001) and concentric (P<0.005) exercises training, while eccentric exercise caused more significantly reduction in systolic (P<0.0001) and diastolic (P<0.0001) blood pressures and heart rate (P<0.0001) than the concentric exercise.Conclusion: From these findings, it seems that both eccentric and concentric exercisesmay improve heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients, while eccentric exercise may have more beneficial effect than the concentric exercises in these patients.

Introduction: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common causes of mortality in the world. Due to multiple complications and limiting physical activity and disability, myocardial infarction can cause varying degrees of depression in patients. This study was performed to determine the effect of patients early mobilization program on the depression of patients with MI hospitalized in CCU.Materials and Methods: This study was a clinical trial that was performed on 38 patients with myocardial infarction in the cardiac care unit of Babol Shahid Beheshti hospital. Samples were selected using purposive sampling and are randomly allocated into experimental and control groups. The test group got out of bed based on a specific program within 12-18 hours after admission. The control group got out of bed based on routine care program within 48 hours after admission. Patients' depression was measured by Hospital Depression Scale (HADS) within 18-12 hours of admission (pre-intervention) and 72 hours after admission (post-intervention).Results: The mean level of depression after the intervention (day three) was in the test group 3.2 and in the control group 8.2. Mann-Whitney test results showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.001) between the level of depression post intervention in two group.Conclusion: Results of the study showed that early mobilization was effective to reduce patients depression, therefore the use of this approach is suggested in the treatment and care program of patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Introduction: Drug dependence is one of the most social pathologies that it is discussed as a problem of biological, psychological and social. Social and family relationships are effective in treatment of addicts. If unhealthy relationships are used, increase daily stress and decrease treatment readiness of drug dependence. This study was performed to determine role of stress in treatment readiness of drug dependence based on Health Belief Model in Hamadan.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study (descriptive-analytical), was conducted on 118 addicts of Hamadan in 2013. Sampling was simple random. Questionnaires were completed with self-report and interview. Data gathering tools were included: Questionnaire designed based on HBM constructs, Readiness to Treatment Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale. T-test and Regression test were used to assess hypotheses and SPSS-16 to analyze data.Results: Regression test showed statistically significant relationship between perceived severity of stress impact and self-efficacy for treatment of drug dependence with treatment readiness of drug dependence (P≤0.05). By increasing self-efficacy (r=0.41) and perceived severity (r=0.17), increases treatment readiness of drug dependence.Conclusion: It is suggested appropriate educational programs for assessing the effect of stress management on treatment readiness of drug dependence, with emphasis on the Health Belief Model structures that have the most impact.

Introduction: changes in cholesterol level can be a product of Genetic interactions of some factors. These interactions are time-dependent. Since a time-dependent genetic interaction study related to blood cholesterol levels has not been performed until now, this study is proposed to evaluate the time-dependent association of SNPs and cholesterol by using a logic random effect model of assessment.Materials and Methods: logic random effect model was proposed in the frame of random effects models by using negative likelihood as the score function to analyze the interactions related to longitudinal quantitative responses. Data of 329 participants in TLGS prospective cohort study was analyzed using proposed model to identify effective interactions related to cholesterol. Annealing algorithm was used to search interaction effects. Coefficient of these interactions and random effect were estimated using maximum likelihood method.Results: The results for male or other subjects with GG genotype for ApoAIV who had normal blood pressure and waist circumference had shown significant lower cholesterol levels (19.8 mg/dl, CI 95%: 13.9, 25.69) (p<0.001) than other subjects without this combination. Also, having (high triglyceride or allele e2 for ApoE) was significantly associated with an increasing effect on cholesterol (b=16.1, CI 95%: 11.64, 20.55). The level of the cholesterol in phase 1 of study was 21.4 mg/dl (CI 95%: 18.35, 24.44) more than other phases (p<0.001). The model’s random effect was estimated 165.82 with standard deviation 30.89 (p<0.001).Conclusion: We identified some interactions among SNPs and other covariates related to cholesterol level using logic random effect model.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of fludarabine-cyclophosphamide combination in treatment of Iranian patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL).Materials and Methods: Between April 2011 and July 2013, 20 patients with B-CLL (median age 63 years) received a regimen that consisted of fludarabine 25 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 250 mg/m2, days 1-3, orally, every 4 weeks, for a maximum of 6 courses. Clinical appearances and percentage of CD5+/CD19+ cells as minimal residual disease detected by flow cytometry before and 6 months after treatment.Results: The frequency of CD5+, CD5+/CD19+ and CD19+-cells were significantly high (70-90 %) in the peripheral blood of all the patients, before treatment. The percentage of CD2 and CD3+-cells were significantly increased after treatment (p<0.0001). There were significantly different in the percentage of CD5+/CD19+-cells before (68±26) and after (35±23) treatment (p=0.001). Also, the clinical features were modulated after treatment.Conclusion: The results showed that combination of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide could be helpful in treatment of B-CLL in Iranian patients.

Introduction: Migraine is the most common form of headache around the world including Iran. In recent years, particular notice has been made to the relationship between vitamin D and migraine. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and CRP and migraine symptoms in patients.Materials and Methods: This study was carried out as a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Patients were randomly assigned for either intervention or control groups. Patients consumed a vitamin D supplement or placebo (50000 IU/ week) during 10 weeks. Before and after the intervention, serum levels of vitamin D and CRP were measured and migraine symptoms were assessed. To assess the effect of vitamin D supplements on migraine symptoms including severity, duration, frequency of headache attacks and headache diary result (HDR), multivariate and uni-variate analysis of covarients were used as statistical methods of analysis.Results: Significant differences were observed in mean headache frequency and diary result (HDR) between the two groups (P=0.06 and P=0.04). However, the difference in mean migraine frequencies between the groups displayed a significance threshold (P=0.06). The relationship between migraine headaches and C - reactive protein (CRP) was not determined.Conclusion: the outcome of this study suggests that vitamin D supplements are effective in reducing migraine symptoms including frequency of headache attacks and headache diary result in patients.

Introduction: Fluoride is an essential element at low concentrations in drinking water. On the other hands, excessive levels of fluoride can cause a number of problems such as dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis. Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim of application of apple pulp in order to fluoride removal from aqueous solutions.Materials and Methods: Apple pulp was modified with H2O2 (30 %wt) and were tested for fluoride removal. In batch experiments, effect of various parameters such as pH (2-10), adsorbent mass (2-10 g/L), initial fluoride concentration (5-20 mg/L) and contact time (1-120 min) were studied. In addition, experimental data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms.Results: Fluoride removal at optimum conditions was 86.7% and 89% for natural and H2O2-modified apple pulp, respectively. Maximum removal (92 and 95.4 for natural and H2O2-modified apple pulp) achieved at adsorbent dosage of 10 g/L. From the results of various kinetic models, pseudo-second-order model best describe the fluoride adsorption by natural and H2O2-modified apple pulp (R2=0.992 and 0.998 respectively). The experimental adsorption data complied with Langmuir isotherm.Conclusion: Modification of natural apple pulp with H2O2 improved the removal efficiency. Apple pulp could be employed as an effective adsorbent for the removal of fluoride ions from aqueous solutions.

Introduction: Academic achievement has been one of the efficiency indexes of every educational system that is influenced by many factors. This study has been conducted with the aim of surveying the views of Lecturers’ and students at Rehabilitation College of Semnan University of Medical Sciences on the factors influencing students’ academic achievement.Materials and Methods: In the current study, which is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic one, a census method was employed and it was conducted in the academic years of 2012 and 2013. The participants of the study were 130 sophomore and higher level university students majoring in physiotherapy, occupational therapy speech therapy at Bsc level and as many as 40 Lecturers at the Rehabilitation College of Semnan University. For the purpose of data collection, a 25-item self-developed questionnaire on Likert scale was developed and its reliability and validity was confirmed.Results: Among the five areas surveyed in the study based on the perspective of Lecturers and students, factors related to student (4.43±0.49) and (4.17±0.52) received the highest scores. Meanwhile, the lecturers assigned the lowest score to family factors (3.53±0.53) and students scored facilities of the educational environment the lowest (3.84±0.90). A comparison of the views revealed that there is a significant difference between the lecturers and students’ perspectives on student (p=0.007), family (p=0.017) and socioeconomic factors (p=0.001). Like lecturers, the students perceived future job opportunity of the field, interest in the field and self-confidence as effective factors on academic achievement.Conclusion: Considering learners and factors closely related to them as well as preparing grounds for increasing learners’ motivation, confidence and interest in the field have appreciable influence on learners’ academic achievement.

Introduction: The important of effective interpersonal communication in professional contexts is now widely recognised. Interpersonal Communication skills are an important component of the health worker training program. The main aim of this study was to assess the effects of Communication Skills Training program among Behvarz of health house in Semnan University of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 70 Behvarz of health house in Semnan which divided into intervention group (n=34) and control group (n=36). Every 34 Behvarz of intrvenion group were educated within 8 weeks. The intervention group participated in an educational program on communication skills, compared to the control group. Data collection was performed both prior to and 8 weeks after the intervention using a self-report type questionnaire.Results: The results showed that the average scores of interpersonal communication skills in the intervention group significantly increased compared to control group.Conclusion: Findings of this study indicates that a health education program could have an important role in improving the communication skills of health workers.

Introduction: Inflammatory sympotoms such as edema and hyperalgesia were induced by some mediators like cytokines in response to irritant stimulus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hydroalcholic and chloroformic extracts of Salvia Candidissima on hyperalgesia and edema during adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats.Materials and Methods: Inflammation was induced by ingle sabcutaneous injection of CFA to rat hindpaw. Hydroalcholic and chloroformic extracts of Salvia Candidissima prepared from aerial part of plant and different dose of extracts (25, 50 and 100/kg) were administrated (i.p.) during the 7-day study. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg) used as positive control. Hyperalgesia and edema were assessed at 0, 3 and 7 days after artrithit induction by CFA by radiant heat and plethysomometer, respectively.Results: The result showed that hydroalcholic and chloroformic extacts of Salvia Candidissima at dose of 50 mg/kg caused significant reduction in hyperalgesia and edema on days 3 and 7 as compared with the day zero, negative control and positive control (receiving indomethacin at dose of 5 mg/kg, daily) groups (p<0.001).Conclusion: It can be concluded that hydroalcholic and chloroformic extracts of Salvia Candidissima dose dependently reduce edema and hyperalgesia during CFA-induced inflammation.

Introduction: Among the bacterial agents, the most common cause of diarrheal disease is Entrotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Lebal toxin B (LTB) subunit of LT toxin could induce six-month immunity. Tetanus toxin of Clostridium tetani causes the fatal disease, tetanus. Tetanus can be prevented by vaccination with tetanus toxoid. This toxoid induces ten years immunity in humans. Binding domain of tetanus toxin (THc), of the toxoid is considered as immunogenic part of tetanus toxin. Clostridium botulinum causes botulism disease. The protectional effect of this toxoid is only two years against this disease. It seems that the immunogenicity potency of these three subunits may influence on the memory longevity. The aim of this study is the assessment of LTB, BoNT/A and THc immunogenicity in mouse.Materials and Methods: The transgenic E. coli BlDE3 with pET28a vector, containing recombinant ltb, thc and bont/A-Hc genes separately were used for expression of recombinant proteins. All mentioned proteins were derived, purified and evaluated on SDS-PAGE gel. Finally, mice immunization were carried out and antibody titration of all recombinant proteins were evaluated and compared using t-Test in SPSS software.Results: The result of SDS-PAGE gel evaluation showed a proper expression. The immunoassay results of serum showed that the antibody titer against the recombinant protein of THc was higher than those for the recombinant protein of BONT/A-Hc and LTB. A difference in antibody titer also was observed between two proteins i.e. BoNT/A-Hc and LTB (P value<0.0001).Conclusion: The differences in the antibody titer may be related to the longevity of memory cells.However, the result needs more studies.

Introduction: ethanol consumption may impose cytotoxic effects on the human body, by producing toxic metabolites through different pathways. Furthermore, some studies have also linked alcohol consumption to various types of diseases. Therefore, this in vitro study is aimed to assess the ethanol toxic effects on the human fibroblastic chromosome structure.Materials and Methods: G banding staining method was used to determine the karyotype of chromosomal abnormalities of cultured fibroblast cells. Karyogram of ethanol-treated cells after 48 hours of incubation with 54 and 108 mmol of ethanol were assessed against the untreated cultured cells.Results: the comparison between two karyogram models confirmed that lower ethanol concentration (54mmol) caused breakage in chromosome type C and number 1, while with higher concentration (108mmol) breakage was observed in chromosome 9, chromatids as well as endoreplication in some other cells.Conclusion: this study indicates that specific concentrations of ethanol can cause vast alterations in chromosomal structure. Therefore, in general, more care is suggested in consuming this substance. In addition, to confirm the cytotoxic alterations in chromosomal structure in relation to alcohol consumption, using other cell lines and /or in vivo studies, more investigations are warrant.

Introduction: T-2 mycotoxin, makes contamination in food and feed and causes poisoning in human and livestock. T-2 toxin induces serious effect on immune system cells. In this study, kinetic of blood peripheral lymphocyte subsets after T-2 toxin exposure was investigated.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, sublethal dose of T-2 toxin was determined and then injected into male mice. 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after toxin injection, a boold sample was taken from experimental anaimals. Afterward, kinetics of lymphocyte subpopulations such as CD19+, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+cells were analyzed using flow cytometry.Results: Sublethal dose of T-2 toxin was determined as 2 mg/kg. After sublethal dose injection CD19+ B cell significantly was decreased at 12 h and was returned to normal range at 3th day post-injection. CD3+ and CD4+ T populations increased at 24 h and were returned to normal range at 48 h, but inversely CD8+ T cells was decreased at 12 h and returned to to normal limit at 48 h.Conclusion: Alteration on blood lymphocytes due to T-2 toxin was occurred in 12 to 24 h postinjection. CD19+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were sensitive cells to toxin effect. CD3+ and CD4+ populations were increased. This may be due to pro-inflammatory cytokine release. T-2 toxin has different effects on kinetic of peripheral blood lymphocyte populations.

Introduction: Listeria monocytogenes is the disease agent of listeriosis and creates primary meningitis, septicemia and food poisoning in due to consumption dairy in adults. In pregnant women usually causesbacterimia that lead to inflammation of the placenta, fetal infection and eventually abortion. Since today strains of L.monocytogenes have progressivily become resistant to various antibiotics and the antimicrobial materials, this makes it necessary to synthesize the nanopaticle which have antimicrobial effects. Purpose of this study was also to synthesize ZnO nanoparticle with magnesium doping (ZnO: Mg) and investigate its inhibitory effect on L.monocytogenes.Materials and Methods: ZnO: Mg nanoparticle were prepared and synthesized using Sol-Gel method in Atomic Percents of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%. Tests of XRD and transmission electron microscopy performed in order to study the structure of the nanoparticle and evaluation its quality and also measurement of Optical density and scanning electron microscopy was used to study antimicrobial effect of nanoparticle.Results: The results obtained from measurement of optical density and scanning electron microscopy showed that depending on the parameters of nanoparticle dilutions, atomic percent, temperature and duration, the amount of bacteria colonies has been significantly and mainly decreased and inhibited.Conclusion: Due to the growing trend of drug resistance, suitable structural characteristics and purity crystalline nanoparticles ZnO: Mg, it can be inoculated, particularly in atomic percentages of 5% and 7% for the inhibition and destruction of L.monocytogenes.

Introduction: Curcumin has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, and the aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of Curcumin on tissue damages induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion.Materials and Methods: In this research, male Wistar rats were studied in 9 groups which were include sham with 24h reperfusion period, ischemia followed by 24h reperfusion, ischemia/reperfusion-24h which received a single dose 10, 20, or 30 mg/kg (i.p), Curcumin 30 min after ischemia, sham with 72h reperfusion period, ischemia followed by 72h reperfusion, ischemia/reperfusion-72h which received a single dose 20 mg/kg (i.p), Curcumin and ischemia/reperfusion-72h which received three doses of Curcumin (20 mg/kg, i.p) every 24 hours. At the end of reperfusion period, the left kidney tissue were collected and after staining with hematoxylin-eosin, subjected to microscopic study.Results: Ischemia/reperfusion leads to increased Bowman's space size, tubular necrosis, vascular congestion and intra-tubular proteinaceous casts in kidney; which Curcumin therapy could partially improve all of them. But its effect in groups with 72h reperfusion period and receiving 3 dose of Curcumin was significantly greater than those received single dose and 24h reperfusion in comparison with their own sham groups.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that three successive doses of curcumin can be more effective than single-dose treatment on tissue damages resulting from renal ischemia/reperfusion in rat.

Oral lesions are common in the adult population and can lead to soft tissue enlargement by different mechanisms. Prominent lesions in the oral cavity are generally reactive hyperplasia or neoplasia. The differential diagnosis between these lesions and other malignancies, specially their simultaneous occurrence were always a challenge for the practitioners. This study is a case report of a rare association of two relatively common lesions, irretentive fibroma and squamous papilloma in oral cavity of a 32 years old man. To our knowledge there was no other cases reported involving incidence of these two lesions in the oral mucosa, either at the same site or at different locations.