SPORT MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Year:2018 | Volume:7 | Issue:1 (13)|Papers Count:12

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine tax evasion among professional athletes and coaches with an emphasis on cultural, technology and governmental and legal factors. Methodology: The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive one regarding the research method. Research information were collected by handmade questionnaire with 20 questions. The statistical sample was consisted of prominent professors in physical education and economic, managing directors of Isfahan professional sports clubs and their assistant directors, professional athletes and coaches. Accordingly, it was distributed 119 questionnaires among the statistical sample and then recollected. Cronbach’ s Alpha was used for analyzing the reliability of questionnaire, and this Cronbach’ s Alpha was 0. 89. The questionnaire validity was confirmed by using sport management and economics’ master’ s viewpoints. The research study area, the Isfahan city and statistical sample was coincided with the population. For analyzing data used of one sample t, Friedman and regression tests. Results: Findings showed that among the cultural factors, the most important factor was the weakness of tax culture. Among the technological factors, the most important factor was the technological inability to identify taxpayers, and among the governmental and legal factors, the most important factor was the imbalance between athletes’ income and tax levied on their income. Conclusion: Based on the findings, recommendations are expressed as, promoting, advertising for and informing of tax culture through radio and television, improve technological ability to identify taxpayers, and create balance between athletes’ income and tax levied on their income.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to Designing model ofsport’ s Sponsors Loyalty with an emphasis on the relationship marketing and relationship quality. Methodology: The method applied in this research was descriptive – correlation. The sample was used included the directors of industrial factories and presidents of Sport Boards in Kashan. Data were collected by a researcher made that the reliability of the questionnaire was 0. 94. In this study, structural equation modeling and partial least square method is used to analyze the data and model. Results: The results of this study exhibits the significant positive impact between the relationship marketing and loyalty of sport supporters. Also, there is a significant positive influence between the relationship marketing and relationship quality, but is not shown significant positive effect between the quality of the relationship and the loyalty of sport supporters. Conclusion: Considering the results, we can say, in relationship marketing, respectively, structural bonding, social benefits, conflict management and financial benefits and in relationship quality, reliability, commitment and satisfaction are the most important factors that managers Sports clubs and organizations can use these methods and factors marketing, maintain loyal supporters.

Objective: Inequality and imbalance in the development procedure of provinces is the foreground of inequality in the social, economic and cultural contexts. Therefore, it is expected that sport as a sociocultural phenomenon, like other sectors, has an unequal and imbalanced development procedure. This study is aimed to analyze the procedure and changes in the development level of Iran's provinces competitive sport. Methodology: This study is descriptive and analytic which has reviewed the development procedure of competitive sport of provinces between the years 2006 to 2012 by using 48 indicators. The statistical population was embraced all Iran’ s provinces and the statistical sample was equal to statistical population and consist of 31 provinces which were in Iran’ s countr divisions in 2012. Factor analysis was used to calculate mixed indicators and cluster analysis was used to determine the level of sport development of provinces. Results: The study of development procedure of competitive sport revealed in 2006, that the level of competitive sport development of 8 percent of provinces was high and 6 percent of them were deprived and disadvantaged, while in six-year era, with increasing trend, the ratio of developed provinces in 2012 had changed to 43. 3 percent, and the ratio of disadvantaged provinces had changed to 40 percent. Conclusion: with consider to competitive sport development unequity in the country provinces, it is recommended that in future plannings and strategy codifications of competitive sport, priority of allocation of resources must be allocated to the periphery and perimeter provinces till in addition to preventing the migration of athletes and active human resources in sport in deprived provinces, to create the background of further promotion on this level of the sport in the country and to be success in international and worldwide competitions.

Objective: The Purpose of this Study was Development of Structural Equation Models of Strategical Thinking and Organizational Agility in Selected Iranian Sports Federations. Methodology: The research method was Correlation Methods that used Structural Equation Models (Structal Equation & path diagram). the Measuring Instruments was Included Strategical Thinking Questionnaire (Liedtka, 1998) and Organization Agility Questionnaire (Spitzer, 2007). Validity of Questionnaires was face and Content and Cronbach's Alpha Coefficients Strategical Thinking Questionnaire was 0. 96 and Organizational Agility Questionnaire was 0. 96 Determined. The Statistical Population of this Research was Including 22 Islamic Republic of Iranian Selected Sport Federation and Statistical sample was 269 Experts and Executives of 22 of Iranian Selected Sport Federation was distributed byKrejcie and Morgan (1970) Table for Determining Sample Size to SimpleRandom Sampling thatwas analyzed by using LISREL Statistical Software. Results: Results indicate that there was Impact Positive Significant the Elements of Strategic Thinking System Perspective (=β 0. 86), Intent Focus (=β 0. 91), Hypothesis Driven (=β 0. 87), Intelligent opportunism (=β 0. 92) andThinking in Time (=β 0. 88) on Strategical Thinking. That was Impact Positive Significant the Component Speed (=β 0. 92), Competency (=β 0. 92), Felxiability (=β 0. 85) and Responsiveness (=β 0. 85), on Organizational Agility (P>0. 01). In totally that was Impact Positive Significant Strategical Thinking on Organizational Agility (=β 0. 86, t=17. 82, P>0. 01). Those Sequential Model Fitting Procedures Indicate Impacted Strategical Thinking on Organizational Agility in Selected Iranian Sports Federations. Conclusion: Therefore, by Setting Goals and Developing a Cohesive Strategically Thinking between Managers and Staffs ofSports Federations can be Identified Improving Organizational Agility in Sports Federations in the Future.

Objective: The The aim of this study was designing model to identify football clubs marketing capabilities in Iran Premier League. Methodology: this research is an Exploratory research with Qualitative nature that used of the grounded theory method. Statistical population was all of the football clubs managers and sport management faculty members that selected by Theoretical and Snowball sampling. To collect data, used of Depth interviews by open-ended questions. Results: collected data from 18 interviews coded and analyzed by grounded theory method. Primary codes was 709 that after summarizing codes, they decrease128 codes and Were converted with 18 Axial Codes. This codes were classified to 4 group include football capabilities, infrastructure capabilities, strategic capabilities and operational capabilities. Research model were designed in the form of a pyramid according to relationship between these capabilities. Conclusion: The proposed model can be used as an tool for identification of football marketing capabilities and utilization of this capabilities that logical and systematic manner to marketing, and gaining income and financial independence Club and solve problems.

Objective: Identifying dominant natural attractions and cultural capacities of sport tourist destinations, is a more important factor in sport tourism development. The main purpose of this research is designing model of traditional and local sport tourist’ s behavioral intention based on ecotourism’ s capabilities. Methodology: Sample size consist of sport tourists (Athletes and Sponsors) (n=105), sport experts of sport committees (n=45) and cultural heritage experts (n=13) of Golestan province. To collect data, Youshida and James (2010) behavioral intention questionnaire and research-regulated sport ecotourism questionnaire were used. Results: Results of structural equation model showed that, natural attractions of sea and beach sport activities (β =0. 81) and natural sport attraction of Jungle and environment with loading factor level (β =0. 72) had significant effect on tourist’ s behavioral intention. Also beach football and beach volleyball element (β = 0. 87), horse riding (β = 0. 83), ski and snowboard (β = 0. 73), motor racing rally (β = 0. 73) and horse racing (β = 0. 91) were more important effective elements of sport ecotourism’ s sub-scales. Conclusion: With consider to unique geographical condition of Northern provinces and efficiency of beach attraction and proper combining with local and traditional sport, we can provide the basis of sport tourism development.

Objective: The purpose of this research was explaining the impact of organizational and managerial factors on the incidence of administrative-financial corruption in Guilan sports organizations Methodology: The research method has been correlation-survey one. Its statistical universe included all managers, experts, and personnel of governmental and administrative organizations in the sport of Guilan province. The statistical sample was selected and surveyed through available method and PLS2 software. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire with a 5 point Likert scale (46 items). Validity confirmed by using a panel of experts (n = 10) and model fit indices. Results: The results showed that research conceptual model has had a good fitness, and organizational (t-value=11. 227; R2= 0. 544) and managerial factors (t-value=10. 025; R2= 0. 437 ), and also their coefficients that respectively are 0. 74 and 0. 66 have a significant and direct impact on the incidence of administrative and financial corruption. As well as organizational factors (t-value=20. 439; R2= 0. 667) have a direct and significant impact on managerial factors (0. 82). Conclusion: As a result of high explication ability, and the intensity of impact coefficients on research variables, it can be said that managerial and organizational factors play a key role in incidence of corruption, or vice versa, in its prevention, and prior to other variables, can be considered by monitoring system and controlled by sports organizations of Guilan province. Moreover, management factors are influenced by organizational factors and their intervening impacts.

Objective: Celebrities endorsment techniques is desirable way of advertising to create awareness and obtain outgrowth about products and services, and congruity the athlete with the product is concerned in order to to measure compliance with the product. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between athlete and product congruity and goods purchase consumer in Ali Daeis shops in Tehran. Methodology: Statistical population were All patients required to stores that according to the infinity of the community, matching to Morgan table, 384 were chosen as samples. Results: For data analysis, descriptive statistics and also ranks average was used, Afterwards, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to confirm normal distribution of data, the research key issue by Amos structural equation modeling software was analyzed. Conclusion: The results showed a significant positive relationship between congruity of athlete and product with the customer sports using. We can also conclude that the tendency to consumption, media consumption, added value and known athlete properly explain the consumption of sports products and influencing it.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of sensory marketing dimensions on increasing the fans of Football Clubs of Iran’ s premier League. Methodology: this is an applied and descriptive-correlational study. Population of research includes all football premier league fans. Sample size determine 210 fans and research questionnaire was distributed randomly between them. Study tool include a researcher made questionnaire which it’ s validity and reliability was confirmed. In order to statistical analysis descriptive statistic and structural equation modeling was used in LISREL. Results: given to factorial weight, the most important dimension is audition dimension and after that are dimensions of taste, olfaction, vision, and haptic respectively. Conclusion: in general result show that, sensory marketing has significant effect on increasing fans of Iran’ s football premier league. According to sensory entity of sports seem to sensory marketing is a useful method in this field. When serving to costumers addition to physical relation most consider, emotional bond have been existed. Clubs must use sensory strategy trough sensors, emotional, and sensory phrase in relation to emotion and mind of people.

Objective: The purposive of this research was the content analyses of research methodology books in physical education and sport sciences in Iran till the end of spring of 2014. Methodology: The methodology was descriptive and content analysis. The instrument for data gathering was coding sheets and its instruction which made by researcher. Content and face validity of coding sheets approved by some experts and its objectivity approved by agreement coefficient of 4 coder (Kendall=0. 89). The populations included 14 books of research methodology in physical education that all of them used in study. Results: Findings showed that by the end of spring of 2014, just 14 research methodology books in the field of physical education were published. Among these number of books only 3 books were compilation and the 11 of them were translated. The noticeable point was that these 11 books were translated from 5 source books. It means that 5 books in source language translated to the second language by 11 groups of translators. There was a meaningful difference among these books in using pictures, charts, bars and the number and the kind of resources. Conclusion: Among these books the book which was translated by kuzechian et al has had highest points between others.

Objective: The main objective of this study is to do a feasibility analysis of sport tourism (sailing Rafting) at Sirvan River. Methodology: The population of the study includes rivers located at the Zagros Mountains of Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces. This work is a case study on the main branch of Sirvan River with 43 kilometer length streaching from Palengan village to Zelte terrains. The instruments employed in this study include the map of the river with the scale of 1: 50000, satellite map, the software GIS2, six-manned rafting boats at different degrees (six degrees). Then for achieving the objectives of the study, the collected data were compared with the international standards. Results: The results show that except in the first 11 kilometersin the remaining 32 kilometers river grade for rafting was between 3 and 4 in spring. And it was between two or three in Outmen. Conclusion: The results show that in the first 11 kilometers, due to lack of road, rafting was impractical. In the remaining 32 kilometers rafting was possible by canoe and kayak (one-manned, two-manned at different degrees (1 to 4). The place is useful for camping national and cube t teams. The result of this research could be used for finding talents among the natives. And an ideal place for leisure activities of those who adopt it as well as increased employment, income and conservation in the region.

Objective: The identification of barriers to relationship marketing will make easier achieving the main objectives of relationship marketing. For this purpose, researchers are looking for valid and reliable tool. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of relationship marketing barriers in fans management researcher made questionnaire. Methodology: In this regard, the content and face validity of questionnaire was confirmed by a group of experts. Conducting the pilot study on 41 cases, the Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability of questionnaire (α = 0. 702). Also, 141 questionnaires were collected for assessing the construct validity of research tool. The confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the construct validity of questionnaire. Results: The LISREL output showed that the selected indicators for assessing the relationship marketing components were valid and could well evaluate relationship marketing. . Conclusion: Based on these findings, it was concluded that the adapted questionnaire of relationship marketing barriers could be used as a reliable and valid scale in management of fans.