JOURNAL OF ADVANCED BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2020 | Volume:10 | Issue:1|Papers Count:24

Background & Objective: Blood pressure generally increases after menopause. Training modalities with a supplement can influence blood pressure indices. The present study aims at investigating the effect of eight-week resistance training with citrulline-malate consumption on blood pressure, Nitric Oxide (NO), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in postmenopausal women with prehypertension Materials & Methods: The sample population is postmenopausal women with pre-hypertensive age ranging from 50 to 55 years old divided randomly into six groups, including “ training + supplement” , “ training + placebo” , “ training” , “ no training + supplement” , “ supplement” and “ placebo” . Resistance training was held 3 sessions per week in which the training intensity was 45% to 55% IRM. The supplement included citrulline-malate (8 g) an hour before each training session. Blood pressure, NO, and VEGE were measured using a barometer and kit before and after the training sessions. Two-way analysis of variance test and Tukey’ s follow-up test were applied to analyze data. Results: The findings demonstrated that training leads to a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressures while an increase in NO and VEGF. The results showed that an eight-week period of citrulline-malate supplementation has decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Besides, it was revealed that eight weeks of citrulline-malate administration made NO and VEGF increase. Also, the results indicated that the "exercise + supplement" group has had the greatest effect on increasing NO and VEGF and reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Moreover, the findings proved that resistance training with citrulline-malate made systolic and diastolic blood pressures in menopausal women with prehypertension reduce. These effects are accompanied by rising levels of NO and VEGF. Conclusion: The findings revealed that the resistance training, which was applied in the present study, coupled with citrulline-malate supplementation, will improve blood pressure in postmenopausal women with hypertension.

Background & Objective: Since epidemiological information on type1 diabetes in children can help to control it, this study aimed to determine the frequency and characteristics of type1 diabetes patients during an 11-year period. Materials & Methods: In this retrospective study, records of all 0-39 years old diabetic patients admitted to Nemazee hospital 2004-14 were reviewed. Since most new cases are admitted to this hospital, the patient’ s data might be a good representative of all patients in Shiraz. Gender, date of birth, age of onset and associated diseases were recorded. Data were analyzed, using SPSS 22. 0. Results: In this study, 546 diabetes patients were admitted, of which 52. 4% were females. Two peak age was observed (5-9 Y/O and 10-14 Y/O). The mortality rate was 23%. Most of them had no family history of diabetes. Majority of patients (86. 3%( did not have any other medical condition. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between age of onset with positive family history and mode of presentation. The frequency of diabetic patients had a rising trend during this eleven-year period. Conclusion: Incidence of type1 diabetes had a growing trend and peak age of presentation was similar to most previous studies. However, the percentage of diabetic ketoacidosis was more than that of developed countries. Therefore, people and physicians are recommended to have more information on type1 diabetes for early diagnosis to prevent further complications.

Background & Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) is one of the most common causes of infertility due to anovulatory in women. The use of insulin-sensitizing agents was one of the treatments for this syndrome. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Metformin, Pioglitazone, Ripaglinide and Acarbose on histomorphological changes of polycystic ovaries. Materials & Methods: In this study, Polycystic ovaries were induced by injection of testosterone enanthate (TE) in immature female mice, for four weeks, then they had been divided into five groups; the control, Metformin, Pioglitazone, Repaglinide and Acarbose groups. Body weight, the ratio of ovary-to-animal weight, ovarian diameter, histomorphological changes of ovaries and characteristics of ovarian tissues were studied. Tukey test was used to calculate these parameters (P≤ 0. 05). Results: TE significantly increased the percentage of cystic Follicular and decreased follicular growth compared to treatment groups. The body weight, the ratio of ovary-to-animal weight and ovarian diameter, in all groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (p<0. 05). In Metformin and Pioglitazone treated group, the number of degenerated oocytes, pyknotic-granlosa cells and vascularization were decreased and luteinization can be seen only in these groups. There is a significant reduction in mean growth of primordial, primary, pre-antral, cystic and atretic follicles in the treatment group. However, the mean number of pre-antral follicle showed a remarkable increase. The average number of antral follicles increased in metformin and pioglitazone groups (p<0. 05). The results showed that Metformin and Pioglitazone groups cause a meaningful decrease in the ratio of ovary-to-animal weight (p<0. 05). Conclusion: According to these results, Metformin and Pioglitazone have the same effects and can compensate for the damages due to PCOs. These drugs can develop follicular growth. Repaglinide can compensate for the damages in some cases, and, Acarbose has a negative effect on follicular growth.

Background & Objective: screening for the prevalence of skeletal disorders is needed for the early prevention and intervention of the disorders. For this purpose, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among surgical technologists and anesthesiologists. Materials & Methods: In this analytical-descriptive cross-sectional study, 167 personnel working in the operating room of Isfahan, Iran in 2018, were evaluated using the random sampling technique. The data from the general Nordic and Cornell questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS, version 20, software as well as the statistical tests including T-test, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U and logistic regression. Results: Women constituted 82% of our population. The mean age and work experience of the subjects were 32. 68 ± 8. 64 and 10. 1 ± 8. 3 years, respectively. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among the surgical technologists and anesthesiologists was 96. 74 and 90. 9, respectively. Conclusion: Given that the occupational health status of surgical technologists and anesthesiologists was not at a desirable level, this could compromise the health and work quality of the surgical team; therefore, it seems that the inclusion of some measures such as exercise, modified ergonomics` equipment, and striving to improve one's social and psychological well-being could be efficient and beneficial to prevent these disorders.

Background & Objective: Most pregnant women experience a degree of stress before and after cesarean. Stress can have unfavorable complications for the mother and the baby. Given the probable relationship of social support with the amount of stress, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between perceived social support and stress, before and after cesarean in pregnant women referring to Besat Hospital in Sanandaj in 2018. Materials & methods: This study was a descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional study performed on 180 pregnant women under selective cesarean section surgery in 2018. Using the available sampling method, pregnant women referring to Besat Hospital in Sanandaj were selected with the criteria to enter the study. The data collection method in this study was a two-part questionnaire of demographic and midwifery information, perceived social support questionnaire and Dass 21 stress questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16, descriptive statistics, and the Pearson correlation test. Results: Results indicated that the degree of the overall rate of stress, before cesarean was 36. 1% and in the post operation stage 13. 9% respectively. Besides, there was a negative significant difference between social support and stress, before the operation (p<0. 05, r=-0. 728), and stress, after cesarean (P<0. 05, r=-0. 658). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between perceived social support and stress, before and after the cesarean section. Hence, it is recommended that interventions be designed to identify and improve the level of social support of pregnant women under cesarean section.

Background & Objective: Teachers’ evaluation as an accountable process in promoting the quality of medical education is the main mission of the university. Teachers are key and effective facilitator of this process. Some of the attributes of faculty from the students’ point of view to help students to learn and make the learning process more effective. For this purpose, a study was conducted to determine the characteristics of effective faculty in improving education and its influence on students in Iran. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted through systematic review and meta-analysis. For this purpose, the articles that were published in Iran were either in English in Persian and were selected for the study without considering the time period. Articles were searched in databases of Cochrane Library Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Ovid, Science Direct, WILEY, Scopus, ProQuest, Medline, Elsevier Magiran, and SID. Finally, 21 articles that met the criteria for meta-analysis were included in the study and their quality was evaluated. Results: Attributes were extracted in six domains. The six main dimensions are as follows: Individual and personality traits, communication skills, teaching skills, research skills, evaluation skills, and observing educational rules. Conclusion: Personal characteristics, research skills and communication skills were among the most important characteristics of an effective faculty from the students' perspective. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the characteristics in the recruitment of instructors.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a prolonged and disabling functional gastrointestinal disorder with the incidence rate of more than 0. 5% in public individuals, worldwide. IBD including Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’ s disease (CD) need to be taken into account that it is a heterogeneous illness which can take place by the convergence of host immune system disorders, genetic and environmental factors, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and can progress in people who are genetically susceptible. Overexposure of immune system to the excessive bacterial substances can also lead to the loss of immunological tolerance to bacteria, which are considered as normal flora in the body of the host which may subsequently result in bowel inflammation and IBD development. Generally, the role of infections in the initiation and development of inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract has been studied by many clinical findings and it has been proved that gut microbiome via several mechanisms plays a significant role in initiation and exacerbation of IBD. It appears that the most important pathogens which correspond with the IBD include Helicobacter pylori, Clostridium difficile, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter concisus as well as viruses such as Cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr and Rubella. Based on the current knowledge, the current study discusses the most common pathogens that may be involved in the development of IBD and performs a comprehensive review on related evidence supporting or ignoring the possible role of microorganisms.

Background & Objective: One of the social determinants of physical and mental health is unemployment. This has a harmful effect even when the social class, poverty, age, and history of previous illnesses are also controlled. The purpose of this study was to review the evidence of the unemployment on the health of Iranian society. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted using a scoping review to find empirical research papers published on the impact of unemployment on health in Iran from 2003 to 2018. Seven electronic databases and two search engines were searched using appropriate keywords. Bibliography section of the retrieved papers and related journals were also searched for papers that were not yet indexed in the databases. 1063 publications were identified. All retrieved papers were assessed using a valid checklist before analysis. Finally, 56 empirical studies were reviewed using MAXQDA software. Results: About 39. 3 percent of articles was published in Persian on impact of unemployment on health, which 70% of them have been written since 2011. Most of the studies were conducted in Tehran, Esfahan and Eastern Azerbaijan provinces. In this study, four main themes were psychological hazards, physical dilemmas, family problems, and socioeconomic risks. Conclusion: Unemployment has the greatest impact on the dependent variable of multidimensional poverty (health). Therefore, attention to professional and occupational policies, the establishment of social welfare systems and taxation can help to expand employment and increasing the share of GDP to implement labor market programs is essential. Efforts to raise employment should be prioritized.

Nowadays, nanotechnology and nanostructures, which are particles smaller than 100 nm in size at least in one dimension, are being widely used in various industries and consumer products, biomedical applications and environments. Unique properties of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures offer technological advantages for a variety of industrial and consumer products as well as show promise for biomedical application. They are used as an antibacterial agent in food packaging, such as UV absorbent in cosmetics and sunscreens. However, high concentrations of ZnO nanostructures have toxic effects on living organisms. The toxic effect of these nanostructures depends on target cell type, size, structure, and surface properties of nanostructures, as well as exposure routes. In this article, we discuss the toxic effect of ZnO nanostructures and different mechanisms including ROS production and the resulting oxidative stress, genomic toxicity, changes in gene expression and following protein production, epigenetic changes and inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Also, we will mention many in vivo studies about this nanoparticle.

Background & Objective: Inflammation has a dominant role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, and pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α ), fuel inflammatory reactions in brain tissue. This study was conducted to determine the effect of 8-week endurance training on TNF-α gene expression in the hippocampus of rats after brain stroke. Materials & Methods: Twenty one adult male Wistar rats (weighing 210-252 gr) were purchased and randomly divided into three groups: control, stroke and stroke+ training groups. Stroke was induced by the occlusion of both common carotid arteries (CCA) for 45 min. The rats in the training group were run on a treadmill with a speed of 18 to 30 meters per minute for 20 to 50 minutes per session, 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, rats were sacrificed and gene expression of TNF-α in the hippocampus was measured with Real Time-PCR technique. Results: Results showed that endurance training resulted in a significant decrease in gene expression of TNF-α in the hippocampus of rats (p=0. 0001). Also, in comparison with the control group, stroke led to a significant increase in gene expression of TNF-α in the hippocampus of the stroke group (p=0. 0001). Conclusion: In general, 8 weeks of endurance training can strongly affect pro-inflammatory factors associated with stroke via decreasing TNF-α . Therefore, it is recommended that endurance training be used as a non-pharmacological treatment for the prevention of neurological complications associated with stroke.

Background & Objectives: Low selenium level is considered as an essential nutrient for humans and animals. However, selenium, in the form of selenite, is very toxic at high concentrations and leads to acute selenium poisoning (selenosis). The current project was done using the Taguchi method as an efficient, effective method, and without the need for a large number of experiments to optimize selenite removal. Materials & Methods: The independent variables at three levels include: initial concentrations of selenite, biomass and NaCl, initial pH, and agitation. L18 orthogonal array was designed for these variables. The experiments were repeated three times and their mean amounts were analyzed using Qualitek-4. Results: The factors which had a significant impact on the selenite removal in order of importance were as follows: selenite ion (8 g/L), agitation (80 rpm), NaCl (2. 5% w/v), biomass (40 g/L), and pH 6. 8. Under optimal conditions in the selected levels of these factors, approximately 92. 1% of selenite was removed after 48 h of incubation, at the 5% significance level (p< 0/05). Conclusion: The current study is the first report of the successful application of the Taguchi method in the optimization of selenite removal under resting cells of Trichosporon sp. as biocatalysts. Therefore, the optimization techniques used in the present study can be proposed for the bioremediation of contaminated environments.

Background & Objectives: The analysis of sleep patterns, food and physical activity provides researchers with a focus on chronic disease prevention. The aim of this study was to determine the dominant patterns of food, sleep and physical activity and related factors in Fasa in 2017. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 500 adults in Fasa were collected by multi-stage cluster sampling using a combination of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire, food Frequency and International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Factor analysis was used to identify the dominant patterns and in order to determine the relationship between variables, linear regression test was used. Results: The mean age of the participants was 35. 02 ± 12. 68 years. The three dominant food patterns were healthy (24. 35%), unhealthy (18. 31%) and miscellaneous (12. 98%), sleep disorders including primary sleep disorder (17. 90%), secondary (16. 60%) and third (12. 46%) and physical activity also included light physical activity (37. 09%), moderate (5. 86%) and severe (16. 26%). Also, variables such as age, gender and socioeconomic status were introduced as the main predictors of patterns. Conclusion: Considering the high share of unhealthy patterns in the population of the city as an example of the urban population of southern Iran, the need for planning and raising awareness and education in order to increase physical activity and improve sleep and nutrition, as well as improve the quality of life and general health of individuals in society is increasingly felt.

Background & Objective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and is the leading cause of death from cancer among women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the compatibility of some of the microRNAs associated with cell death to resistance training in women with breast cancer. Materials & Methods: Twenty women with breast cancer were selected randomly. They were randomly divided into control (10) and experimental (10 subjects) groups. Experimental group performed 3 sessions of resistance training for 8 weeks and weekly with the intensity of 70-50% had at most one maximum repetition. In order to investigate the effect of resistance training on mir-329, mir-15, mir-16, blood samples of the subjects were taken 48 hours before and after protocol implementation. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 19) and independent and dependent t tests were performed. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significant. Results: Eight resistance exercises have increased the number of cell deaths associated with cell death in women with breast cancer, resulting in increased cell death and, consequently, reduced cancer mass in women with breast cancer. Conclusion: Eight resistance exercises lead to an increase in certain cell deaths associated with cell death in women with breast cancer, resulting in increased cell death and, consequently, a reduction in cancer mass in women with breast cancer.

Background & Objectives: In recent years, the rate of implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) has progressively increased, while the rate of device related infections (DRI) was disproportionately higher. To decrease the chance of DRI, we evaluated the effect of two local antibiotic prophylaxis methods during CIED implantation on preventing pocket infection as the most common DRI. Materials & Methods: This retrospective, multicenter, cohort study included patients who underwent CIED implantation. All patients received intravenous antibiotic one hour prior to operation. Local antibiotic prophylaxis was done for all patients by either of two methods; irrigation of the pocket by Cephalothin, or its injection into the pocket at the end of the procedure via suture line, according to the operator’ s preference. Results: From March 2011 to March 2016, 1003 patients underwent CIED implantation. Pocket irrigation by antibiotic was done for 664 cases and antibiotic injection for 339 cases. Infection rate was 1. 6% in all patients; 2. 3% in irrigation group vs. 0. 3% in injection group (P=0. 016). There were not significant differences in lead impedance and pacing threshold trend up to 2 months after devices implantation among the patients with two methods of local antibiotic prophylaxis. (P>0. 05) Conclusion: Local antibiotic injection via the suture line after CIED implantation may increase prophylactic effect of intravenous antibiotic infusion against DRI.

Background & Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between blood concentration of vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases, with regard to the percentage of ejection fraction, the number of coronary artery blockage, concentration of homocysteine, CRP and Ca. Materials & Methods: In this case-controlled investigation, 433 people who referred to Bushehr Heart Center for medical examination participated. Based on the preliminary results of clinical tests including ECG, echocardiogram, and angiography, the participants were selected and divided into case and control groups. Venous blood samples were collected (10 ccs) and immediately centrifuged and the serum samples were separated and stored at-80 ᵒ C until analysis. The ejection fraction was recorded and the serum samples were processed for the measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, homocysteine, calcium and CRP concentration. Results: The mean concentration of vitamin D in the serum of case group was significantly lower than that of the control. Moreover, the mean percentage of EF in the control group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Furthermore, the serum level of vitamin D and the atherosclerosis of coronary arteries were inversely correlated. Moreover, the mean concentration of CRP was significantly higher in the case group than in the control gorup. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that low serum levels of vitamin D may be related to cardiovascular disease. Moreover, vitamin D levels were inversely associated with the number of atherosclerotic arteries in men only.

Background & Objectives: Nowadays, in medical sciences, the amount of data on symptoms of people affected with various illnesses on one hand, and finding assistive techniques for the diagnosis of those diseases on the other, has been widespread. Consequently, the analysis and consideration of all factors involved in a disease are often challenging. Thus, a mechanized system to help discover the rules, identify patterns, and predict future events is absolutely needed. In this research, we intend to use a multi-objective algorithm to provide a method capable of detecting, extract sequences of variable-length from the genome, and count the interactions among them. In fact, these regulatory elements could play a significant role in the incidence and exacerbation of cancer. Material & Methods: In this research, a proposed method for the detection of regulatory elements in the genome of a breast cancer patient has been used. The proposed method is implemented in MATLAB software. Also, to measure the performance and effectiveness of the suggested method, the proposed algorithm is implemented on HiC dataset, regarding patients with breast cancer in two blood cells GM12878 and CD34+ introduced by Mifsud et al. Results: The results of implementing the proposed method are compared with the HiCUP method. The results show that the MSARE method has a better performance in detecting regulatory elements compared to the HiCUP method. Conclusion: Experimental studies have shown that the two promoters BLC6 and HOTTIP discovered by the proposed method have had a significant effect on the incidence and severity of breast cancer in both blood cells GM12878 and CD34+.

Background & Objectives: Acetamiprid (ACP), as a neonicotinoid toxin, causes free radicals production and oxidative stress in various organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and S-methylcysteine (SMC) on reducing acetaminoprid-induced oxidative stress in serum and kidney of rats. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 42 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 7 including one control, one sham (normal saline) and five experimental groups, which intra-peritoneally received ACP (5 mg/kg), NAG (160 mg/kg), SMC (100 mg/kg), ACP+NAC, ACP+SMC, and ACP+ NAC+SMC for one week. After separation of serum and kidney tissue, the activity of the catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione concentration (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant (TAC) was determined. Results: Acetamiprid caused significant increase in GST activity in serum and kidney (p< 0. 01), CAT activity in serum and kidney (p< 0. 05) but insignificant increase in MDA level and insignificant decrease in GSH and TAC compared to control. NAC and SMC, alone and in combination with ACP, restored the levels of TAC, GSH and MDA and activities of CAT and GST. Conclusion: Acetamiprid increases lipid peroxidation, activity of CAT and GST, and decreases the concentration of GSH and TAC, presumably by producing free radicals. Administration of NAC and SMS as antioxidants causes a decrease in acetamiprid toxicity due to relative reduction of free radicals.

Background & Objective: Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) is associated with strains of Staphylococcus aureus that produce a high level of virulence which is characterized by skin abscesses and acute necrosis. Materials & Methods: During a six-month treatment period, a total of 92 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus were obtained. Initial tests were performed using the Disk Diffusion Method and Methicillin resistance test determined by an Oxacillin disk. In order to elucidate the frequency detection of pvl gene, standard PCR was accomplished using specific primers and then pvl positive isolates were further analyzed for the presence of mecA gene by the use of specific primers in PCR. Result: In total, 18 isolates (19. 56%) were shown to be positive in terms of their carrying the pvl gene among which, 15 isolates (83. 33%) were MRSA, 3 (16. 66%) were MSSA, and 8 (44. 44%) were positive for mecA gene. Conclusion: Despite the existence of pvl genes in MRSA isolates, PVL toxin producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus are serious threats for health. So, it seems that achieving a rapid and repeatable method for medical center, will help the timely diagnosis and control of PVL-producing strains.

Background & Objective: Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. Screening women for Chlamydia trachomatis in developing countries is highly desirable due to the ineffectiveness of the available diagnostic methods. The aim of this study is to design a detection kit for Chlamydia trachomatis in symptomatic women. Materials & Methods: A total of 50 clinical specimens of symptomatic women were collected. The OMP1 gene sequence was extracted from the gene bank and the primer and probe were designed appropriately by Mega6 software. The extracted DNA was amplified by PCR. In order to provide positive control, PCR product was cloned into Pjet1. 2 vector. To determine the sensitivity, DNA dilution was performed. To determine the specificity, DNA of vaginal bacteria was extracted and Real Time PCR was done. Results: In this study, we designed a kits with 100% specificity and 10pg/ϥ l sensitivity in detecting chlamydial infection in symptomatic women. Conclusion: With the use of designed primers and real time, we can detect 100% of chlamydia infections.

Background & Objectives: Asthma is a condition in which the respiratory tract is tight and swollen and is associated with increased levels of mucus and inflammatory cells in the airways. Protective effects of Albuterol, Epinephrine and Cromolyn against Ovalbumine-induced immunotoxicity in the rat lungs are observed in the animal model of asthma. Material & Methods: 40 rats were randomly divided in to 8 groups and classified into: negativecontrol (normal), positive-control (sensitive), normal-albuterol, normal-epinephrine, normalcromolyn, sensitive-albuterol, sensitive-epinephrine, and sensitive-cromolyne. With intraperitoneal injection of 0. 5 ml of saline solution containing ovalbumin (100 μ g), aluminum hydroxide (8mgr) sensitization occurred in 4 sensitive groups. Negative-control group received only saline. Challenge carried out with inhaled administration of ovalbumin (with nebulizer) in two phases (first time 100mgr in ml and second time 500mgr in ml) without intervals, (each times 30 minutes) in sensitive groups. Animals were euthanatized by means of, co2 gas, then with a cervical approach and putting away thymus, trachea was exposed right beneath mandible. The amount of total protein, number of inflammatory cells, platelets(PC), plateletocrite(PCT) and red blood cells in BALF were determined with routine laboratory procedures and measurements were recorded. Results: The number of inflammatory cells and platelets were more than doubled in untreatedsensitized group (positive-control) in comparison with untreated-normal group (negative-control), while the amount of total protein did not show any significant changes at all. All three drugs (albuterol, chromoline and epinephrine) significantly reduced basal protein leakage in healthy animals(p<0. 05). Among mentioned drugs in this study, sodium cromolyn in both sensitized and unsensitized groups completely inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and significantly decreased the protein leakage. Conclusions: Overall, this study shows the impressive performance of the sodium cromolyn in comparison with beta agonists, in preventing signs of inflammatory disorders in animals with respiratory hypersensitiveness. Β 2 agonists are effective bronchodilator agents on airways but it seems that other useful effects related to them are exaggerated in comparison with most cell stabilizers like cromolyn. So, the use of these agents alongside with bronchodilators in disease such as allergic rhinitis, COPD and asthma, in both human and animals is recommended.

Background & Objective: Although progress has been made in the treatment of cardiac patients in the last two decades, the prevalence of coronary heart disease is on the rise. Also, factors such as social stress, conflict and hostile behavior can lead to abnormal coronary artery contractions, increased coronary artery occlusion, malignant heart rate abnormalities, and consequently, cardiac failure. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of non-prescriptive CBT, tone and musical therapy in the resilience of coronary artery disease patients. Materials & Methods: In this research, a pseudo-experimental design was used with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study included all patients with coronary artery disease who were hospitalized in Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah in 2017-2018. Sampling in this study was carried out in two stages. A sample of 50 eligible individuals was selected. The data gathering tool was the Conor and Davidson self-report questionnaire. The data were analyzed using MANOVA and MANCOVA in SPSS20 software. Results: The results of the study showed that the three therapeutic methods had a favorable effect on the patients' vibration, but CBT treatments had a more favorable effect on patients' resilience. After CBT, relaxation had the greatest impact on patient's resilience. Conclusion: The effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in increasing the resilience of coronary artery disease patients is more than music therapy and behavioral relaxation.

Background & Objectives: Due to the numerous complications such as hot flashes in postmenopausal women, this study aimed to compare the effects of two phytogenic herbs including Evening Primrose oil and Vitex on hot flashes in menopause Materials & Methods: The present study was a double blind clinical trial performed on 150 postmenopausal women in 2014 in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Women who participated in this study randomly used one of the two flowering plants and the vitagnus tablet or placebo twice a day for one month. Copperman's questionnaire was used to measure menopausal hot flash. At the end of a month, the results were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics using SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the use of Primrose oil compared to vitagnus had a significant effect on the duration and frequency of hot flashes (P <0. 001). However, in reducing the intensity of hot flashes, the two plants had no superiority compared to each other (p = 0. 6). Conclusion: Evening Primrose oil is more effective compared to Vitagnes in reducing hot flashes in women.

Background & Objective: In conceptualizing addiction, the role of personality elements in the emergence and continuation of dependence to substances has attracted the attention of researchers. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of personality disorders and temperament-character traits of personality in substance-dependent individuals. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 150 patients referred to Nekooe-Forghani Hospital in Qom and 145 healthy people working in this hospital were selected by convenience sampling. The two groups were evaluated and compared by Multidimensional Clinical Questionnaire (III). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test). Results: The results showed that the prevalence of personality disorders was 56% in substance dependent individuals. Borderline personality disorder with 16%, antisocial personality with 14%, and avoidance personality with 6. 67% had the highest frequency in the case group, respectively. Also, generally, subjects with substance dependence had higher scores in novelty-seeking and lower scores in self-directed dimensions compared with normal group. Moreover, sedative drugs users had more scores in harm avoidance, stimulant users in self-transcendence and normal subjects in persistence than other groups. Conclusion: The results of the research indicated that there was a high prevalence of personality disorders among drug-dependent individuals. In addition, study showed that there was a significant difference between personality dimensions of temperament-character in substance dependent individuals and normal people.

Background & Objective: Today in the world, environmental pollution due to heavy metals, their accumulation in the food chain and their dietary exposure are considered as a serious danger. The purpose of this study was to measure the amount of nickel, arsenic, lead, zinc and cadmium in liver, thigh, breast and gizzard parts of chicken distributed in Shiraz. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, ten different brands of liver, thigh, breast and gizzard of chicken in Shiraz were collected from local markets and transferred to the laboratory with the cooling system. The concentration of heavy metals was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Results: The mean concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, nickel, lead and zinc in liver tissues were 0. 017, 0. 061, 0. 031, 0. 057 and 15. 15 μ g/kg, in thigh muscles 5, 6, 28, 46 and 3310 μ g/kg, in the breast muscles were 6, 8, 180, 50 and 4510 μ g/kg and in the gizzard were 7, 29, 9, 19 and 12810 μ g/kg, respectively. Heavy metals concentration was higher in liver tissue than other tissues. Conclusion: The results indicated that the amount of heavy metals studied in chicken tissues are lower than world regulation standards. Also the results of risk assessment indicated that noncarcinogenic risk of these heavy metals due to chicken consumption is negligible while, the risk of carcinogenicity in the case of arsenic is higher compared to lead (relatively potential risk).