RESEARCH IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
Year:2020 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:7

The main purpose of the present research was to study the phenomenological understanding of the mothers' experiences of the first and second grade students' Nowruz homework in Tehran. This qualitative research was done by a phenomenological method. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. The interviews wereanalyzedthrough the thematic and comparative method. To this end, a number of the first and second grade students' motherswho were participated in the study were interviewed. In this interview, information was saturated after talking with eight parents. After open coding and analyzing and merging similar codes, three main categories and seven sub-categories were extracted. The first category is the lack of favorable effect on learning, the second category, positive and negative aspects of homework elimination for students and parents. The third issue was the need to review alternative assignments. Parents believed in inadequate effect and efficiency of Nowruz assignments on learning. The results showed that parents believed the undesirable effect of Nowruz homework and addressed itsexclusionfrom both positive and negative aspects (not attending the classroom/students and their parents' relaxation).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the jump rope skills' instruction and its role on psychomotor performance of students. To attain this aim, researchers used quasi pre and post-test experimental method with experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all the fourth grade boy students of elementary schools in Kermanshah studying in academic year 2016-2017 Seventy students were selected through randomized cluster sampling as the experimental (35 students) and control groups (35 students). The instrument was a research-made questionnaire that experts approved its face and content validity and its reliability was computed 0. 82 by Cronbach's alpha test. First, we the experimental and control groups were given a pretest. Then, the treatment was conducted for 10 sessions of 45 minutes for the experimental group, but the control group was instructed through the traditional method and after the end of the course, both groups were tested by an achievement test. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the performance of the trained learners according to the jump rope skills' instruction and the current curriculum.

There are two main approaches to teaching writing skill to children: the soundbased approach and word-based approach. In alphabetic or phonics approach which is one of the oldest and known methods, writing / reading teaching begins with the teaching of individual sounds to children. In contrast, in the word-based approach, the teaching of the writing system begins by reading and writing the words. While introducing these two common approaches to writing spelling skills, this paper attempts to compare the advantages and disadvantages of each one by providing evidence from Persian and English languages. Proponents of the traditional, alphanumeric style believe that this method brings phonological awareness to learners, which helps them to read the meaningless and new words. The advocates of the rival method, the word-based method, believe that in the teaching of reading, the focus should be on the whole word, because the whole word is a semantic unit and the purpose of reading is also the discovery of meaning. They claim that children in this way can discover the phonological values of letters later in a process of self-discovery. Evidence of English and Persian indicates that skilled readers use a word-based approach.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the poisonous leadership of teachers and the organizational silence of teachers with the mediation of the organizational culture of elementary schools in Khorramabad. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was all the elementary teachers of Khorramabad city (including 1940people). Using Krejcie and Morgan table, 320 people were selected as the statistical sample by stratified random sampling method. The instruments used to collect the data were the Poison Leadership Questionnaire (2008), the Vendin Organizational Silence Questionnaire (2003) and the Hofstede Organizational Culture Questionnaire (1967). The results showed that based on the calculated information for the GOF index, all the hypotheses were between 0.1 and 0.35 for the research hypothesis indicating the moderate model of processing. The path coefficient between poisonous leadership and organizational silence (0.066) is not significant because the calculated value for the t statistic (0.0434) at the error level α =0.05 is less than the critical t value (1.96). On the other hand, the indirect effect of poisonous leadership and organizational silence with the mediation of organizational culture (0.564 0.430 = 0.242) was greater than the direct effect of poisonous leadership and organizational silence (0.066). Therefore, it is understood that the poisonous leadership of the organization influences the organizational culture mediated by the elementary schools of Khorramabad.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between teachers' optimism and organizational health with school Effectiveness in elementary board of trustee’ s schools and state-run schools in Baneh in academic year 2017-2018. The statistical population of the study consisted of all elementary school teachers (429) who were teaching at elementary schools. Sample size was 201 people selected based on Kerjci & Morgan, (1970). The results showed that there is a statistically significant correlation between teachers' academic optimism and organizational health with the school effectiveness (P <0.01), between the components of academic optimism with the school effectiveness was also significant (P <0.05) and there was a significant correlation between organizational health components and schools’ effectiveness (P <0.05). The results of the t-test showed that the only difference between the State-Run Schools and the board of trustees was the school effectiveness variable. Finally, the results of the regression test showed that only organizational health was able to predict academic optimism in the state-run and board of trustee’ s schools.

The present study aims to investigate the current and desired status of skills related to sixth dimensions of Fundamental Transformation Document of Education in elementary school teachers of Isfahan (districts 1, 2 and 4). This study was a descriptive-analytical survey. The statistical population included 1969 teachers of Isfahan elementary schools, among them 170 individua were sample selected according to Morgan and Krejcie formula as samle. A researcher-made questionnaire was a five point likert scale used to collect the data for skills related to the sixth dimensions comprising sixth dimensions: religious, social, biological, scientific-technological, professional-economic and aesthetic skills. In this study, descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. In the descriptive part, frequency, percent of frequency, and in inferential statistics, independent and paired t-test were used. The study findings showed that there is difference between current and desired status of fundamental reform skills. In this regard, improving the quality of six-area skills relating to document provides a fundamental reform in the area of improving learners' skills facilitating the localization and empirical knowledge increase of these sixth indexes.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the dimensions of school independence (the school-centered idea) based on the experiences and opinions of elementry schoolsʼ principals. The research is done through a qualitative phenomenological method. The population of the study includes all male and female principals of elementary schools in district 2 of Urmia. 16 people (7 men and 9 women) were selected as samples by purposeful sampling and snowball technique. Semi-structured interview was used to collect the data and thematic analysis (Content-oriented) was used to analyze the data. The results of data analysis showed that based on principals' views, the dimensions of school-orientation or independence of school can be considered as seven minor themes including decentralized structure, responsibility, shared decision making, self-control, organizational commitment, orgenizational culture, and flexibility. Among the seven dimensions, the decentralized dimension is very important. Principals also believe that none of the seven dimensions are really achieved in elementary schools.