JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION
Year:2005 | Volume:35 | Issue:1|Papers Count:13

Richard Rorty has been known as the most important neopragmatist whose ideas have been considered to have educational relevance. In the realm of philosophical views, Rorty has criticized the notion of objectivity and the relevant view of representationalism. Instead, he holds that solidarity is an alternative for objectivity as contingency of language is an alternative for representationalism. Relying on social relations, Rorty concludes the contingency of society, morality, as well as the self. Ironism, to mean doubting in common sense, is also a derivative notion of his view. In the realm of education, he considers two distinct phases in which entering university is the critical point. Educational principles, according to him, before entering university concentrate on socialization while after it emphasize on individualization. Parallel to it, Rorty holds that there is an incommensurability between these two sets of educational principles. It is argued here that Rorty's proclaimed contrast between objectivity and solidarity is not necessary. Hence, all the derivatives of this proclaim should also be qualified. In addition, Rorty's educational view leads to removing the borders between education and indoctrination which is not defensible. Finally, it is argued against Rorty that socialization and individualization have some overlaps and the idea of incommensurability has serious drawbacks.

The Present Study was to define, investigate and criticize the Ultimate meaning of life. Now one of the most difficulty philosophical questions and problems is the meaning of life. The study of various philosophical Points Of View refers to this fact that the similarity of those is to enlighten the meaning of life and emphasis on normal identity. From the Psychological Point of view also there are various and different attitudes about the meaning of life. The extreme limit of these attitudes includes the mental health and self-actualization. One of the prevailing attitudes in the Psychotherapy's area, is the Frankle's point of view. This attitude is called the third School of Viennese Psychotherapy of logo therapy. Based upon the second wars experiences, Frankle believed that the human life would be come attractive, if the meaning of life proving to be true, and every thing also Pain is tolerable. Afterwards he turned the face the ultimate meaning of life and expressed that the ultimate meaning of life is not an perceptible thing. He studied also the relation between religion and ultimate meaning, and expressed that religion the conclusion of the ultimate meaning of life.

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the big five factors of personality, coping styles and mental health. On a random sample of 235 subjects, the abbreviated version of five factors inventory, the coping inventory for stressful situations and the general health questionnaire were applied. The relations between personality traits, coping styles and mental health were studied using correlation and regression analysis. The results showed that 1)there is a significant relationship between the neuroticism, openness and extroversion factors of personality and mental health, while there is no significant relationship between the conscientiousness and agreeableness factors of personality and mental health; 2)there is a significant relationship between the task-oriented and emotion-oriented coping styles and mental heath, while there is no significant relationship between the avoidance-oriented coping style and mental health; 3)there is a positive significant relationship between openness, conscientiousness, extroversion and agreeableness factors and the task-oriented coping style, while there is a positive significant relationship between neuroticism and the emotion-oriented coping style and a negative significant relationship between the former and the task-oriented coping style; and 4)from among coping styles, only two levels and from among the big five factors of personality, only one level contribute to the prediction of mental health. Eventually, the study indicates that Ss' personality traits and coping styles show a significant correlation with their mental health.

The purpose of the present study is to explore the extent of relationship between individual factors and usage of information technology by Tehran University librarians. The investigated factors include: age, gender, level of education, educational field, experience with IT, training in IT, librarians' participation in IT projects, and level of English language knowledge. The method was survey and data has been gathered by questionnaires. The population consists of 153 librarians of central and college libraries of Tehran University. The results indicate that there is a positive significant relationship between each of the following factors and IT usage: level in organization, level of education, level of English language knowledge, access to IT, experience with IT, training in IT, and librarians' participation in IT application projects.  

Information and information science are closely connected to semiology and semantics. The focal studies of semantics, as a field of behavioral studies, usually emphasize on the sociological aspects of language. As the field of information science deals with the information transfer, language society, information networks, the meaning of a text, and man - machine interface; the present paper, using the present theories and approaches, is to study the semantical aspects of information and its transfer, focusing on the foretold characteristics.

The Purpose of this research is to study and compare sixteen types of personality of Iranian and Indian students. 800 subjects (174 males and 226 females of Iranian students and 136 males and 264 females of Indian students) were examined by Myers-Briggs Types Indicator (MBTI). The results showed that there were significant differences between Iranian and Indian students on sensing, intuitive, thinking-feeling dimensions, whereas hero were not differences on Extraversion - Introversion and perceiving - judging and these results were the same with male and female students. Therefore the personality types of Iranian students were more extraverted with feeling and thinking whereas Indian students were more extraverted with sensing and intuitive and also Iranian students were introverted with sensing and thinking, whereas Indian student were more introverted with sensing - feeling and introverted with intuitive-feeling.

The money laundering concepts, methods, quantitative and qualitative aspects, as well as educational approach to anti-laundering is subject of this article. Activities and efforts, all national and international, involved organizations, conferences, conventions, methods, recommendations, solutions, etc, are studied as different aspects of the problem. Many and most of the recent books available in some American universities and most Internet sites are studied and searched to find out shadows of some activities of money launderers, as well as the Internet laundries, cyber laundries, credit card laundries and the smart card laundries.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the level of principal-ship skill (as recorded by a questionnaire) from the teachers point of view. As a unit of observation, senior high school boys, science majors in Teheran were used. 146 high school teachers were chosen on the basis of random sampling. Students’ grade point was used as a dependent variable. Also, 3153 students’ average was collected as an indicator of students’ educational progress. The results showed that even though the principals were at a high level of principal-ship skills no significant correlation was seen between principal-ship skills and students educational progress.

One of the most important components in education system is teaching -learning Process. The essential elements in these processes are teacher and learner. Usually in this field, important questions asked by Philosophers. In spite of applied and theoretical studies in this field, still one of the important problems in educational system is related to the role of teacher and learner in teaching- learning process. The reason is the problematic aspect of the present study. Regarding this matter, two perspective have dominated the scene, one of which is related Logical Empiricism, and the other perspective regards pragmatism. Despite that each of these approaches have educational implications, it seems that educational systems need to integrate these approaches to resolve their educational problems.

The research studies cultural activities' planning trend in Isfahan public universities, in the second and the third development plans. To meet this major goal, the research tried to meet four minor goals. including planning indicators, quantitative indicators, planning patterns, and the differences of cultural activities performance of public universities in the second and the third plans. The research method is a descriptive survey type. The results show that there is no significant difference between the second and the third plans, regarding qualitative indicators, but there is significant difference between the tow plans, regarding qualitative indicators. There is no significant in cultural performance during the two plans, but there is the most differences, in the third plan, between jahad and Cultural Affairs Organization and other institutes' performances.

Researchers have begun to explore applications of attachment theory to different aspects of social life including religion and related phenomena in recent years. In order to examine contribution of attachment Styles to religious coping styles undergraduate students (n=112) Completed the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI) and Religious Coping scale (Rcope). Results have shown ambivalent attachment style can predict positive religious coping style. Correlation was negatively significant.