ARAK MEDICAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL (AMUJ)
Year:2019 | Volume:21 | Issue:7 (136) |Papers Count:12

Nephrotic syndrome: Nephrotic syndrome is a manifestation of glomerular disease as a proteinuria in the nephrotic and triad of hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, and high protein in the urine. Nephrotic proteinuria is defined as protein excretion of more than 40 mg/m2 of body surface per hour or protein to creatinine ratio of more than 2-3 at the first morning urine sample. Its annual incidence in most western countries is 2-3 cases per 100000 children per year, and in developing countries it is often higher due to malaria (1). New findings in this area are often about treatment, which are evaluated and reviewed in following.

Background and Aim: Marital and sexual problems of chronic patients, especially diabetes, that often are ignored, need special attention to proper treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on marital satisfaction, sexual selfesteem and burnout martial among women with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research design with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population included women with type 2 diabetes in the city of Tehran. 30 patients were chosen as samples and randomly were divided into two groups of individuals as control and experimental. The experimental groups practiced the acceptance and commitment therapy 8 sessions and 60 minutes in each session. Then, posttest was performed for them. For data collecting, the marital satisfaction scale of Enrich (1993), sexual self-esteem scale of Doyle, Zeanah and Schwarz (1996) and burnout martial questionnaire of Pines (1993) were used. Data analysis was done by using multivariate analysis of multi covariance. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR. KHU. REC. 1397. 5 has been approved by research ethics committee at Kharazmi university of Tehran, Iran. Findings: Results illustrated that after acceptance and commitment therapy, amounts of marital satisfaction and sexual self-esteem were significantly increased in experimental than control group (p<0. 05). Also, acceptance and commitment therapy decreased burnout martial among women with type 2 diabetes significantly (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment therapy can be used as an effective psychological intervention on marital satisfaction, sexual self-esteem and burnout martial among women with type 2 diabetes.

Background and Aim: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a disabling disorder that affects one's performance. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on reduction of obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms and increase in marital satisfaction of married women. Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population included married women with obsessive compulsive disorder of Tehran city in year 2017. 30 married women with the age range of 20-45 years old were chosen as samples and randomly were divided into two groups of individuals as control and mindfulness training. The experimental groups practiced the mindfulness training for a month, 8 sessions and 60 minutes in each session. Then, posttest was performed for them. For data collecting, the obsessive-compulsive inventory, obsessive-compulsive and marital satisfaction were used. Data analysis was done by using multivariate analysis of covariance by SPSS 24 software at a significant level less than 0. 05. Ethical Considerations: In this study, patients’ consent and providing results were considered as ethical principles. Findings: Statistical data analysis illustrated that the amounts of marital satisfaction were significantly increased in experimental than control group by mindfulness training (p<0. 05). Also, of mindfulness training was significant reduction of obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms (p<0. 05). Conclusion: According the findings of this study, mindfulness training can be a good approach to improve of obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms and marital satisfaction of married women.

Background and Aim: The widespread use of antibiotics has been led to increased emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and high mortality and morbidity rates due to infectious diseases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections, which shows high resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. So, finding new and effective antimicrobial compounds in order to overcome antibiotic resistant infectious diseases is so critical. Screening of native actinobacteria can be an effective strategy to find novel antimicrobial compounds. The aim of current study was isolation, screening and identification of rare actinobacteria to find the strains which produce antimicrobial compounds against P. aeruginosa. Material and Methods: Thirty samples of water and sediments were collected from Persian Gulf and Oman Sea and used for isolation of actinobacterial strains. After isolation of actinobacteria, their metabolites were extracted and their anti-P. aeruginosa activities were investigated. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the most efficient extract was determined using broth microdilution method. Finally, the most efficient strain was identified. Ethical Considerations: In this study, all principles of biosafety and bioethics have been considered. Findngs: Fifty actinobacteria were isolated from water and sediments. Five isolates had considerable antimicrobial activity. MIC value of the most efficient extract against P. aeruginosa was 100 μ g/ml. Molecular analysis of 16SrRNA showed that the most effective fermentation broth extract belongs to Micromonospora and has 99. 8% similarity to M. chalcea. Conclusion: The current study revealed that the water of southern Iran and their sediments are promising sources of potent rare Actinobacteria in the production of antimicrobial compounds against P. aeruginosa.

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance-based treatment on psychological flexibility of mothers of children with autism disorder. Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population of the present study included mothers with autistic children referring to the autism community in Qom city at 2017. According to the semi-experimental design and Criteria for research, a sample of 30 patients (each group of 15) was selected voluntarily. Samples were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of "acceptance and commitment therapy. The instrument for collecting information included the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). Data were analyzed by SPSS software using covariance. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR. IAU. ARAK. REC. 1396. 39 has been approved by research ethics committee at Islamic Azad University of Arak, Iran. Findings: Based on study findings, the acceptance-and commitment-based therapy had significant impact on psychological flexibility in mothers of children with autism. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in improving the mental health of mothers with childhood autism.

Background and Aim: In recent years, Multidrug resistance has been increasing among Klebsiella isolates. The aim of this study was to survey existence of integrons and its relation with antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates of Klebsiella. Materials and Methods: From Jun 2015 to May 2016, 129 Klebsiella isolates collected from Karaj hospitals and laboratories. Statistical population included 80. 6% female and 19. 4% male. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and ESBLs producer were screened. Integrons were detected using PCR. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR. IAU. K. REC. 1396. 16 has been approved by research ethics committee at Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Iran. Findings: The highest and lowest percentage of sensivity were found to ofloxacin (89. 1%) and amoxcicillin (6. 2%), respectively. 82. 9% of isolates were resistant to more than two antibiotics from different classes. Among 129 isolates, 19. 3% of the isolates harbour integrons. Frequencies of MDR among integron-positive isolates were 100%. Also, 71. 3% and 28. 7% of isolates were ESBLs positive and negative respectively. Conclusion: Results showed integron elements were prevalent among MDR isolates. Integron-associated resistance genes can be served as reservoirs of multi drug resistance within clinical isolates and presence of integron can be used as a marker to identify MDR isolates. Prevalence of ESBLs among clinical isolates of Klebsiella showed that antibiotics like ampicillin or amoxicillinclavulanic acid are not effecvtive anymore in treatment of UTIs.

Background and Aim: Increasing metabolism and production of free radicals in the body are among the factors causing increased oxidative stress, weakened the antioxidant system, and some diseases, including cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity and toxic effect of the Schiff base manganese II compound N, Nʹ di pirodexil 1, 4 butadiamin. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant capacity of the Schiff base manganese II complex N, Nʹ di pirodexil 1, 4 butadiamin at the concentrations of 62. 5, 125, 250, and 500 μ g/ml was Investigated using the 1. 1-diphenyl-2-picricyl-hydrazyl (DPPH) technique. We also evaluated the toxic effect of the mentioned Schiff bases complex at concentrations of 0, 62. 5, 125, 250 and 500 μ g/ml by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) at 24, 48 and 72 hours on a breast cancer cell line (MCF7 [Michigan Cancer Foundation-7]). Ethical Considerations: In this study, research ethical principles were considered. Findings: The antioxidant capacity of Schiff bases manganese II complex N, N di pirodexil 1, 4 butadiamin at the concentration of 500 μ g/ml was 38. 83%. Further, considering the toxic effect of the Schiff bases on the MCF7 cell line, the results showed that IC50 at 24, 48 and 72 hours was about 124, 245 and 470 μ g/ml, respectively. Conclusion: The results obtained from the review of the antioxidant capacity of the Schiff base manganese II complex N, Nʹ di pirodexil 1, 4 butadiamin compared to (BHA) butylated hydroxyanisole suggest that the compound can be effective in free radical inhibition.

Background and Aim: Gene mutation in Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important causes of antibiotic-resistant strains. The High Resolution Melting Curve (HRM) analysis of DNA method can detect these mutations very high quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of clinical sample type in the occurrence of nucleotide mutations in the mecA gene of S. aureus by HRM method. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 43 clinical isolates of S. aureus were used. To detect possible mutations, isolates with mecA gene were replicated and sequenced. Then, analysis was performed using StepOne Software v2. 3 and HRM v3. 0. 1 software. Sequencing results were used as gold-standard. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR. UMSHA. REC. 1396. 637 has been approved by research ethics committee at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Findings: Of 43 clinical isolates of S. aureus, 11 isolates (25. 58%) had mecA gene and 32 isolates (47. 41%) lacked the mecA gene. According to different clinical samples, 3 isolates (27. 27%) were resistant to methicillin from blood samples, 2 isolates (18. 18%) from urine specimens, 2 isolates (18. 18%) from wound samples, 2 isolates (18. 18%) of the catheter samples, 1 isolate (9. 09%) of the abscess and 1 isolate (9. 09%) were separated from the nose swab. In the meanwhile, isolates from the wound and urine had the highest mutation in the adenine amino acid as A → T, A → G, A → C, and A → X. Isolates taken from blood have mutations in Guanine amino acid as G → A. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between type of mutation and type of clinical specimen in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates.

Background and Aim: Children with mental disability have delayed object control motor skills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of selective physical practice intervention on object control skills of 7-10 year old children with mental disability. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experiment study, 30 children aged 7-10 years with mental disability were selected from mentally disabled care centers of Ahvaz based on available time sampling and randomly classified in two experimental (height, 128. 8± 14. 8; weight, 29± 9. 12) or control (height, 126. 5± 15. 7; weight, 31. 12± 28. 2) groups. Then, they were evaluated by gross motor development subscales in pre-test. Participants in the experimental group trained 3 times a week, 45 mins each session in motor skill training programs for 8 weeks. Children in the control group, on the other hand, performed typical school activities and were not involved in regular sport training. A post-test was conducted after training period. Statistical analysis was done with one wayanova and paired T test using SPSS v. 20 software. The significant level was set at p< 0. 05. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved in Research Ethics Committee of Sport Sciences Research Institute with the code IR. SSRI. REC. 1397. 390. Findings: The results revealed that 8-week selective physical practice significantly affected object control variables such as striking a ball with hand (p=0. 001), dribbling (p=0. 001), catching (p=0. 001) and throwing (p=0. 001), however it did not affect striking a ball with foot (p=0. 001) and rolling significantly (p=0. 001). Conclusion: According to the finding of the present study, physical practice intervention seems to improve object control skills in children with mental disability.

Background and Aim: Recent studies point to the protective effects of Stachys lavandulifolia against inflammation and oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Stachys lavandulifolia on brain injury, blood-brain barrier permeability and edema volume in rat stroke model. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 17 male Wistar rats groups (n=6) were used; including control groups, sham and groups receiving doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg/day of extract; for 30 days and orally by gavage. Two hours after the last gavage, the stroke groups were subjected to the Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) model. 24 hours later, the volume of stroke, the blood-brain barrier permeability (BBB) and the volume of edema were investigated in the experimental groups. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Bonffron post test through Graph Pad Prism software and designed through Excel. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR. UI. REC. 1397. 162 has been approved by research ethics committee at Isfahan University. Findings: Pre-treatment with Hydroalcoholic Extract with doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg/day reduced stroke size. The dose of 75mg/kg/day reduced the permeability of BBB and the edema volume compared with the stroke group. Conclusion: The most effective dose of Stachys lavandulifolia is 75 mg/kg, which has a strong potential in neuroprotection and stroke prevention. This study could be useful in further investigating of neuroprotective effect of Stachys lavandulifolia.

Background and Aim: Diabetes is a chronic disease that physiological, cognitive, behavioral, emotional and social factors play a role in preventing, risk and regulating it. This research aimed to predict blood glucose control by the use of irrational health beliefs and health locus of control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: The research population consisted of all type 2 diabetic patients referring to the two centers of Alzahra School of Charity Hospital and Diabetes Research Institute of Tehran University of Medical Sciences that 300 patients were chosen as sample by convenience sampling method. Data were gathered by using Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC) and Irrational Health Belief Scale (IHBS) and analyzed by regression. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved in Research Ethics Committee of biomedical researches in Tehran Universiry with the code IR. ut. Rec. 1395. 030. Findings: There is a significant correlation between the predictive variables of irrational health beliefs (p <0. 05), inner locus of control and others (p <0. 05), and chance locus of control (p <0. 01). The results also indicate that the health locus of control and Irrational beliefs predict significantly the changes in the amount of glucose (R=19, R2=0. 037, F(4. 293)=2. 80, p<0. 05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, we can say that by identifying the health locus of control and irrational health beliefs, it is possible that blood glucose level can be predicted in patients with type 2 diabetes and reduced the consequences of diabetes in people with it.

Background and Aim: The eNOS gene that is responsible for the production of nitric oxide and angiostatin is an inhibitor of angiogenesis. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of endurance training on angiostatin and eNOS gene expression of cardiac tissue in type 2 diabetic male wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 36 male wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, Diabetic Endurance Training (DET, n=12), Diabetic Control (DC, n=12) and Healthy Control (HC, n=12). Type 2 diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ. The endurance training included 10 weeks, 5 sessions per week running at speed of 27 m/min for 15 minutes in 1st week and reached to 27 m/min for 60 min/day in 9th weeks. The animals were sacrificed 24 h after last training session and the samples were taken from cardiac tissue. The gene expression of angiostatin and eNOS were examined by Real-Time PCR. The one-way ANOVA was used to analysis the data. The significant level was set at p<0. 05. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved in Research Ethics Committee of Arak university of medical sciences with the code IR. ARAKMU. REC. 1394. 329. Findings: The gene expression of angiostatin and eNOS of DC group showed significant increase compared to HC group (p =0. 000). The endurance training induced significant decrease in the gene expression of angiostatin and eNOS compared to DC group (p =0. 000). Conclusion: It appears that gene expression of angiostatin and eNOS of diabetic cardiac tissue are affected by positive effect of endurance training.