Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences
Year:2018 | Volume:25 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:18

Background and Aim: By increasing of stress hormones at the tough and hazard environments, the activities of firefighters troops led to decreasing of the body`s function and weakening the immune system and getting inflammatory of cytokines. The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of the effectiveness of two methods of operational-skills and combined exercises training on some of the indexes of immunity systems in male firefighters.Materials & Methods: 36 men firefighters (with an average age of 38.3±3.56 years, weight 81.10±63.5 kg, and working experience 13.66±4.35 years) were selected voluntarily. They were assigned to two experimental groups. The first group was operational-skills, second group was combined training programs, and one control group randomly, each one consisting of 12 firefighters. The participants of first experimental group were participated in one program of operational-skills training about eight weeks (three days a week). This program was consisted of stair climb, equipment carry, victim rescue, ladder heel and raise, forcible entry, and hose drag. The treatment of the combined training program was included 15 minutes of aerobic running with 60% to 70% of maximum heart rate and five selected strength training for upper and lower parts of the body. Blood test was obtained with all the samples in fasted stated to determine the parameters of IL6, CD40 and cortisol before starting the training period and 48 hours after the last training sessions. The collected data were analyzed according to paired-samples t-test and analysis of variance with the significant level of p<0.05.Results: The collected data revealed that the level of cortisol and serum IL6 were decreased significantly in two experimental groups in comparison with the control group. But, the level of soluble CD40 had significantly differences in the first experimental group in contrast with the other groups, and there were no differences between two other groups.Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that, it is better the male firefighters use operational-skills training to strengthen the immune system and reduce risk factors in cardiovascular disease.

Cardiac rehabilitation program aimed at reducing secondary risk factors and improving function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting run which finally may delay or reduce mortality patients. A key component of this program is exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aquatic and dryland training on ABCG8 gene expression in middle-aged women’s peripheral blood mononuclear cells after coronary artery bypass grafting.30 middle-aged women with cardiovascular disease were divided into three groups including control, aquatic and dryland resistance training. The program lasted for eight weeks of resistance training (3 sessions per week/ 60 minutes per session) and started with 60% of 1RM. Fasting blood samples were taken from all participants 48 hours both prior to the beginning of the training program and after the last training session. ABCG8 relative gene expression was detected by Real-time PCR method. Repeated measures and paired t-test with a significance level of p£0.05 were used to determine differences between and within groups. Repeated measures test showed a significant increase in the relative ABCG8 gene expression in both the aquatic and dryland training groups (P=0.001). Moreover, paired-samples t-test showed a significant difference in aquatic and dryland training groups regarding ABCG8 gene expression (P=0.001; P=0.001). It can be concluded that both training programs on land and water training, increase ABCG8 gene expression in middle-aged women after coronary artery bypass and a possible reverse cholesterol transport process can be improved.

Background and AimsNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease which is created by the accumulation of fat in the liver. Several studies have reported the prevalence of fatty liver in Iran, with different results. Our goal is to estimate the overall prevalence of fatty liver in Iranian children and adolescents. Materials & Methods We searched the national and international databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, Iran Medex and Scientific Information Database with keyword "prevalence", "Nonalcoholic fatty liver", "fatty liver", "children", "adolescents" and "Iran" from the years 1998-2017. The variance of each study was calculated by the binomial distribution formula. We used a random effect model to combine the prevalence rates reported in the studies. The STATA software (version 12) was used to analyze the data.Results Eight studies were identified with a total of 6118 subjects. The pooled prevalence of NAFLD in both population (male and female) was 27.88% (95% CI: 18.7% to 37.02%). In both populations, there was marked heterogeneity between studies (I2=99.3%). The prevalence was generally higher in males compared to females. Conclusion Our review suggests the prevalence of NAFLD in children and adolescent is high, particularly in those who are obese and in males.

Background and Aim: The aim of this paper is to use a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the effectiveness of aerobic and resistance training on blood flow mediated dilation.Materials & Methods: In this study, flow mediated dilation was selected as valid index for vascular endothelial function. Search was done in databases PubMed, science direct, Scopus, Web of Science, SID, Magiran and Google Scholar with specified keywords among articles that were published in the years 1986 to 2016 both in Persian and English. After initial screening, full text search and critical appraisal, studies passing the inclusion criteria were analyzed.Results: From a total of 1562 articles that were analyzed, 23 received the study inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Fourteen studies including 17 trials with meta-analysis inclusion criteria were analyzed. The results of the meta-analysis of studies showed that exercise can improve flow mediated dilation in healthy subjects (SMD=0.84, 95% CI 0.55–1.13, p=0.001) and patients with coronary artery disease (SMD=0.49, 95% CI 0.30–0.68, p=0.001). Although the effect size obtained for different sports are different, but considering the low number of studies, we cannot make an absolute statement about the superiority of one method of training.Conclusion: The exercise can be effective in improving endothelial function, although still high-quality research studies with sufficient sample size are needed.

Background and Aims: Aerobic exercise is the most popular sport activity in cardiac rehab center increasing aerobic ability and decreasing fat mass of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks aerobic exercise on LXR gene expression and lipid profile in middle aged men after CABG.Materials and Methods: The subjects were 20 CABG middle aged male patient who were randomly assigned into two group: control (n=10), and aerobic training (n=10) groups. Exercise group performed eight weeks aerobic exercises with an intensity 60% to 80% of heart rate.48 hours before exercise and 48 hours after the last training session, all subjects’ blood samples were taken and plasma and monocyte isolation were performed to measure the indices. Data analysis were performed by using t-test and independent t-test, and non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were performed at a significant level of p£0.05.Results: Significant increase in expression of LXR gene value and HDL and significant decrease in total cholestrole, apo A and B ratio, LDL, TGS in experimental group compared to the control group.Conclusion: Improvement of lipid profiles levels and enhancing the expression of LXR gene after eight weeks of aerobic exercises showed that performing regular aerobic exercises as part of the cardiac rehabilitation which can be effective in reducing the incidence of atherosclerosis and preventing recurrence of the patient.

Background and Aim: Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a rare and highly progressive autosomal recessive, genetically-metabolic disorder that results of the mutation in the gene responsible for the production of Alpha-L-Iduronidase enzyme, which ultimately leads to destruction and cell death of tissues. The patient is asymptomatic at the time of birth, but few months after birth, symptoms gradually appear in the person's phenotype. Respiratory, skeletal, neurological, cardiac, gastrointestinal and ocular disorders are obvious in these patients. The purpose of this study is reporting a case of MPS I.Patient introduction: The patient is a 7 years old boy, repeatedly admitted to the Heshmatieh Hospital of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, due to a weak immune system, high fever, and complications of his MPS genetic disease. At 2.5 years old, MPS had been definitively diagnosed.Conclusion: In this patient, almost all symptoms of the Hurler syndrome including third tonsil, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, large skull, large tongue, ocular corneal opacity, and the presence of yellow spots in sclera, spinal deviation, Umbilical hernia, hearing loss and the stenosis of the mitral valve were seen. Unfortunately, due to the lack of definitive treatment, only 20% of the patients have a chance of survival and recovery. MPS usually leads in death before the age of 20.

Background and Aim: The attendance of humic acid in water resources is the main health problems of many societies. There are various methods for decreasing or removing of humic acid. These absorbed is considered an effective method to remove it. So, agriculture wastes were used for preparation of activated carbons by chemical activation using ammonium chloride.Materials and Methods: In this study, the standard Merck carbon and carbon produced from plant waste used as adsorbents and adsorption experiments were performed in batc. Adsorption of humic acid (HA) on SAC and NAC as a function of solution initial pH (2-10), adsorbent dosage (0.1-1 g/L), contact time (5-50 min), concentration (5-20 mg/L), on the adsorption capacity, the two-parameter equilibrium models (Langmuir and Freundlich equations) were debated.Results: The result showed that the pH effect at removal humic acid is an important parameter, and isotherm showed that the adsorption followed of the langmuir isotherm. Also, it was found that the capacity of absorb can be markedly effected by carbon type. It was 238, 294, 250 mg/g for carbons Merck, sycamore and steel, respectively.Conclusion: Carbon prepared from steel due to very high capacity could be effective for removal humic acid from aqueous solution.

Background and Aims: Knee valgus during dynamic activities can lead to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. The perpuse of this study was to investigate range of motion and isometric strength of ankle joint between gilrs who exhibit medial knee displacement during squat in compraed to control group.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out on forty healthy females (control: 20; dynamic knee valgus: 20) with no lower-extremity injury in the past six months elected randomly according to inclusion criteria. Peak isometric strength was measured in kilogeram using a hand-held dynamometer and active range of motion was measured in degrees with a goniometer. Independent t- test and multi-variate analyses of variance were used to determine differences in strength and range of motion between groups (p£0.05).Results The reasults showed dynamic valgus group had the less dorsiflexion range of motion (p=0.000), increased eversion range of motion (p=0.024) and less plantarflexion strength (p=0.000) in compraed to control group.Conclusion According to present results interventions focusing on improving strength and range of motion of the ankle may improve kinematics during dynamic activities.

Background and Aims: Chronic neuropathic pain caused by damage or disturbance of the functioning of the somatosensory system is one of the major health problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of umbelliprenin (UMB) on the symptoms of neuropathic pain in chronic constriction injury model (CCI) of neuropathy in adult male rats.Materials and Methods: 24 Wistar rats (250±20 g) were randomly divided into three groups: sham, CCI and CCI+UMB (100 mg/rat) groups. UMB was injected intrathecaly one day before surgery, and three days after surgery. Von Frey and Hot-Plate tests were performed one day before surgery and on days 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 after surgery. The results were reported as mean and SEM (p<0.05 was considered statistically significant).Results: The results of the von Frey and Hotplate test showed the development of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia after chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve, in injured hind paw. Pre-emptive treatment of umbelliprenin with a dose of 100 mg/rat has been able to prevent the induction of allodynia and hyperalgesia (p<0.05). This effect was more prominence in preventing of hyperalgesia.Conclusion: Pre-emptive Intrathecal injection of umbelliprenin could prevent the development of behavioral symptoms of neuropathic pain in rats. This effect is probably due to the anti-inflammatory effect of umbelliprenin.

Background and Aim: Postpartum depression is one of the important psychological problems of the mother during pregnancy and afterwards. The purpose of this study was to determine postpartum depression based on spouse intimacy and general self-efficacy in the first birth.Materials and Methods: It was a cross- sectional study. The statistical population consists of all women who had the first birth experience in the city of Yazd. With multistage cluster random sampling method, 200 women selected and were tested by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Sherer Self-Efficacy Scale (SES) and Walker and Thompson Intimacy Scale. Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation, Independent samples t-test, Analysis of Variance and Multivariate Regression analysis.Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between age and education with postpartum depression (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between employed and housewife groups (p<0.05). The main hypothesis of the study was that the spouse intimacy, self-efficacy and age were predicted postpartum depression in the first birth (p<0.05). This means that with increasing self-efficacy, spouse intimacy and age, postpartum depression is decreased. These variables predict a total of 36% of changes in the variability of postpartum depression.Conclusion: According to the results, the increase in spouse self-esteem and self-efficacy can be effective in reducing postpartum depression.

Background and Aim: The aim of this research was the effect of neurofeedback instruction and play therapy on symptoms of children with attention deficit -hyperactivity disorder.Materials and Methods: In terms of objectives, the research method is functional, and in terms of its nature and method, it is a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test which has a control group. To this end, 45 children suffering from attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder who visited the counseling center and psychological services of Refah, aged between 5 and 12, were selected randomly. According to the objectives of research, participants were randomly put into three groups (15 individuals were selected for neurofeedback instruction group, 15 children were assigned to play therapy group, and 15 subjects were put in control group). After pre-test, the intervention program was administered for 20 sessions. Then, post-test was given. To perform pre-test and post-test, we used Child Symptom Inventory-4: parent checklist; and for analyzing data Shapiro Wilk test, one way variance analysis and paired t- test were used.Results: The results showed that regarding ADHD, there is significant difference between neurofeedback training with play therapy groups (p=0.0001) and control group, also significant difference was observed between play therapy group and the control group (p=0.0001). In order, neurofeedback instruction had the greatest impact then play therapy in reducing symptoms of ADHD.Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that the two methods of neurofeedback training and play therapy might be used to decrease the symptoms of ADHA.

Background and Aims: Among the problems of students who have an unpleasant effect on their academic performance, there is the test anxiety and lack of academic buoyancy. The purpose of present study was investigation the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on test anxiety and academic buoyancy of female students.Materials and Methods: The research type was semi experimental with design with pre-test and follow-up design 30 female students were chosen randomly and assigned into two control and experimental. Experimental group received eight sessions, intervention based on acceptance and commitment two times weekly. Instrument was Sarason test anxiety (1984) and academic buoyancy Hosin chari (2012) questionnaire. The multivariate analysis of covariance was used to data analysis.Results: Findings showed that effect size in test anxiety variable was (post-test=0.93, follow-up=0.83) and in academic buoyancy was (posttest=0.64, follow-up=0.61; p³0.001).Conclusion: in according to results There is significant difference in test anxiety and academic buoyancy between experimental and control groups in post-test and follow-up stage. In whole The results indicated the role and importance of acceptance and commitment in promoting test anxiety and academic buoyancy in students.

Background and Aims: Fatigue is a common symptom in patients undergoing hemodialysis that could be an adverse effect. Reflexology is a nursing intervention that could reduce fatigue. This study aimed to determine the effects of foot reflexology on fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis.Materials & Methods: A clinical trial was conducted in hemodialysis patients attending Shaikh Hadi Hadavi & Vali Asr Hospital in Birjand, 2017. Using randomized sampling 70 patients were allocated into two groups: intervention & control group. The patients in intervention group received foot reflexology and the patients in control group received only routine care. Fatigue Severity Scale was used to measure fatigue level before, immediately after, and one week after the intervention. Data was analyzed with SPSS 21 software, repeated measures variances, independent t-test and Bonferroni test. Statistical significant levels set at p<0.05.Results: The results showed a significant difference between the reflexology group and control group immediately after (t=-2.790, a=0.007) and one week after (t=-2.545, a=0.014) intervention (p<0.001). The Bonferroni test showed significant difference between first time with another times (immediately after, and one week after) but not significant difference between immediately after, and one week after the intervention. Analysis variances with repeated measures showed a significant difference in reflexology group fatigue mean scores before, immediately after, and one week after the intervention (p<0.001). In reflexology group, there was a significant difference between before into other times, whereas between other times (2 & 3) not significant differences (p=1.000).Conclusion: Considering the results of this study regarding the effect of foot reflexology massage on reduce of fatigue in hemodialysis patients, in the case of results conformity in larger studies, it can be used as a safe, effective, applicable and affordable intervention indecreasing patients' fatigue in health care centers and hospitals.

Background and Aims: Because of the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to common antibiotics, the new generation of researchers sought antimicrobial agents with plant origin as alternative medicine. Oregano is from Lamiaceae family and coriander is from Apiaceae family and has antimicrobial properties.Materials and Methods: This study aimed to investigate and compare the inhibitory effects of alcoholic extracts of coriander and oregano plants on Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella and Salmonella.1000 ml of alcohol poured round-bottom flask, then the target plant (200-300 g of dried powder of plant) put into envelopes of filter paper and envelopes were placed in a distillation device. After 24-48 hours, the obtained alcoholic extract was placed in the oven. DMSO was used to provide different concentrations of ethanol extract.Results: The concentrations of 31.25 and 62.5 mg/ml of alcoholic extract of oregano and concentrations of 62.5 and 125 mg/ml coriander were able to inhibit and kill Staphylococcus aureus and weren`t able to inhibit and kill Salmonella and Klebsiella, respectively.Conclusion: Although the clinical application of plant extracts and essences seems valuable due to fewer side effects compared to conventional therapeutic agents, in order to clinical application of plant extracts of oregano and coriander, more research about the mechanism of action of effective components of this plant on the microbial agents is needed.