Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences
Year:2018 | Volume:25 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:21

According to the growing developments and improvements of cancer immunotherapies, nowadays, special attention has been paid to the immunotherapies of various types of cancers. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is one of the T-cell therapies that affects tumor cells, not the normal cells. Research conducted over the past decades suggests that CAR T-cell based therapies has revolutionized cancer therapies, and has provided precious achievements in the treatment of hematologic malignancies such as leukemia and lymphoma, and solid tumors including neuroblastoma and glioblastoma. In this review article, structure, function of CAR T- cells, along with some of the antigens that are expressed on the surface of the tumor cells and the CAR T-cells targeting them are presented. Subsequently, several examples of successful therapies with the help of this technology are presented and finally, the safety of these therapies and the challenges and future perspectives are discussed.

Backgrond: The locus coeruleus (LC) contains large clusters of noradrenergic neurons which project widely throughout the central nervous system including hypothalamus. The LC is involved in cognitive processes, including attention, learning, memory and drug addiction. Orexin neuropeptides excite the noradrenergic LC neurons; however, its effects on inhibitory synaptic transmission to the LC neurons are unknown. Materials and Methods: Here, we investigated the effect of orexin-A (100 nM) on sIPSCs in LC neurons. We used whole-cell patch clamp recording in rat horizontal slices containing the LC nucleus.Results: Our electrophysiological data indicate that orexin-A application only decreased sIPSCs frequency of LC neurons that was blocked by SB-334867, selective orexin type-1 receptors.Conclusion: In this study, our findings suggest that orexin-A depresses sIPSCs frequency through orexin type-1 receptors. It can be deduced that these changes in inhibitory synaptic transmission may be elicited by prestsynaptic mechanism. These results provide in vitro evidence for a critical role of orexin signaling in LC neurons.

Backgrond: Pharmaceutical products, particularly antibiotics such pollutants are evolving due to the cumulative effects, adverse effects and drug resistance is a major concern in the control environment. The purpose of this work is to investigate the feasibility and potential of iron nanoparticles in the aqueous solution being removed antibiotics. Materials and Methods: In this study, the performance activated persulfate with zero-valent Zinc nanoparticles in the presence of ultrasound in the analysis of antibiotics was investigated. The effect of process parameters such as pH of the solution (2.97-10.53), concentration Potassium persulfate (194.33-1200mg/l) and the zero-valent zinc (12.73-147.27mg/l) in reaction time 0-180 min using a batch chamber ultrasonic were studied. A statistical procedure was used to optimize the parameters of the RSM model. Antibiotics are measured based on COD vials and DR-5000 spectrophotometer was used.Results: The results showed that the initial pH of the solution is the most important influential parameters. The addition of potassium persulfate and zero valent zinc in the samples was enhanced performance. Optimum efficiency achieved in 50 mg/l concentration antibiotics, potassium persulfate 1200 mg/l, the zero- zinc 120 mg /l, pH 4.5.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate acceptable performance persulfate activated process with zero-valent iron and zinc nanoparticles on ultrasound in the presence of antibiotic.

Background: Bacterial resistants to beta-lactam antibiotics are steadily expanding. Excessive consumption beta-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of related Staphylococcus aureus infections caused the emergence of beta-lactamase enzymes in strains. Identification and analysis of molecular characteristics of these strains can be effective to select on the appropriate antibiotic treatment. Materials and Methods: Initially, the isolates collected from clinical samples were screened by biochemical tests. After the whole Staphylococcus aureus resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics were evaluated by used of molecular-specific primers.Results: Of 496 isolates obtained from different clinical samples, 147 isolates were identified as S. aureus. The highest resistance to the antibiotics had related to penicillin, Oxacillin, Cefocithin and the lowest resistance antibiotics had related to Vancomycin. From the 147 samples, 143 samples were blaZ genes that allocated to over 97%.Conclusion: According to the results of molecular tests, in the Zahedan spread of carrier-lactamase strains is very high. Treatment of all staphylococcal infections of beta lactam antibiotics are not used as much as possible to the access to early treatment prevented the increase in resistant strains.

Backgrond: Imagery is the concept of assimilation, creating or recreating a perception experience the sensory moderator in mind.The aim of this study was the relationship between mirror neuron action and different mental imagery speeds in the motor performance.Materials and Methods: The research method was semi-empirical. The subjects included 30 female students of Shahid Chamran University (average age 22±1.12) selected through a purposive sampling (no experience basketball game) method and categorized in three groups of rapid-speed, real-speed, low-speed imagery. Following the basketball dribble function in pretests, the subjects were involved in imagery for a period of four consecutive days, and were subsequently tested for the real dribble function on the middle cones in the posttests. They were also subjected electroencephalographic assessment during imagery, focusing primarily on the reaction of the mirror neurons within the process.Results: All of the group improved dribble function (P£0.05). With the effect size observed a significant improvement in the groups with slow-speed and real-speed imagery compared to those receiving high-speed imagery. Additionally, higher function of the mirror neurons was observed in the groups subjected to slow-speed imagery. Also, there is significant relationship mirror neuron action and different mental imagery speeds on the basketball dribble function (P£0.05).Conclusion: Better performance in motor skills performance leading to more activity in the mirror neurons in the pre-motor cortex.This is a neurological mechanism and an important infrastructure for the effectiveness of imagery in improving motor skills.

Backgrond: MAIA is designed to assess the awareness of bodily sensations without the interference of cognitive factors. The aim of current study was to adapt the original scale and to investigate its preliminary psychometric properties in Iranian students.Materials and Methods: The type of current research was descriptive-applied and cross-sectional study. Examining the aim of study, a sample of 425 students from Tehran and Kashan Universities (44.3% male) completed a battery of questionnaires in first semester of 2014-2015. The construct, convergent and divergent validity (using Pearson correlation) and reliability (internal consistency using Chronbach Alpha) of MAIA were assessed and correlation test was applied for examining inter-item relations. The analyses were done using SPSS, sixteenth version (P<0.05).Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed an eight-factor structure (Noticing, Not distracting, Not worrying, Healthy attention to body, Maintaining attention to body, Emotional awareness, Self-regulation, Listening to body and trusting it) with Eigen value higher than which accounted for 60% of total variance. The general pattern of factors was comparable to the original scale. Furthermore, the internal consistency of MAIA subscales was acceptable (Chronbach alpha 0.53 to 0.83). The highest level of convergent validity was seen between self-regulation and convergent measure of positive affect (r=0.32) and the highest level of divergent validity was observed between not-worrying and the divergent measure of fearof injury (r=0.41).Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the validity and reliability of MAIA in Iranian population.

Backgrond: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Considering the role of Bcl-2 family gene in apoptosis that are known to be over-expressed in most cancers, this study focused on the detection of Bcl-2 translocation t (14; 18) to the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) that may contribute to the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine samples of paraffin embedded tissues (extracted from 1537 slides of 105 patients in one of the major local cancer centers) were investigated for detection of Bcl-2 translocation t (14; 18) by standard PCR.Results: The Bcl-2 t (14; 18) translocation was detected in 23 of all 49 patients (46.9%), including 10 of 23 translocated patients (43%) with break points within the mbr cluster, 11 with involvement of the mcr locus (48%), and 2 in the icr locus (9%).Conclusion: Detection of Bcl2 translocation in pancreatic cancer is in agreement with results from other studies, and shows this rearrangement could be considered as a new treatment strategy based on apoptosis or personalized treatment.

Backgrond: The relationship between managers' thinking style and their accepting change can be challenging for nurse managers in health centers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between the nurse managers' functional thinking style and accepting change in educational hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2015. Materials and Methods: This research is descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. A sample with 146 individuals of statistical population was selected from nurse managers worked in educational hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences by available sampling method. Data were collected from the research samples by using the assessment index of Sternberg thinking style and Robert Heller questionnaire for determining the acceptance rate of change. Collected data was analyzes, using SPSS 19.Results: The executive thinking style was the prominent thinking style among the nurse managers. In terms of "change acceptance", the average score was 97.8±13.25. Calculated correlation between different levels of thinking styles and change acceptance by the managers has indicated that there is a significant correlation between the levels of executive, judicial and legislative thinking styles with the change acceptance.Conclusion: Managers with three investigated thinking styles have stronger thinking and are mare prepared to accept changes. This relationship is more prominent for judicial thinking style.

Backgrond: Improving the quality of life in heart patients is the main objective of health improvement programs. Self-management education programs are the most important ways to improve and improving health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of self-management 5A on the quality of life of elderly patients with acute coronary syndrom. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial, two groups that 54 elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome patients admitted patients in the cardiology ward and CCU Imam Reza Hospital in Bojnourd for available selected. The method of permutation blocks into two groups (27 patients) and control (27), respectively. The intervention group self-management programs was based 5A. The control group received routine hospital. The instrument used in this study is lipad quality of life questionnaire. In the first and two months after the study was completed in two groups. Data using SPSS 20 software and Chi-square and Wilcoxon tests were analyzed with repeated measures analysis (P=0.78).Results: The findings showed that the most of patients were female, married and uneducated. The mean age of patients was 66.18±4.68 years. The mean scores in all aspects of quality of life was higher in the intervention group after completion of the study. But, statistically significant difference was not observed.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that self-management program 5A model on quality of life of elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome in the study period has no effectiveness.

Backgrond: This study aimed to examine the students' satisfaction from interaction with the academic librarians city of Sabzevar. The factors influencing it, is conducted in 1394. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic and practical, and the survey is conducted. Data collection is student satisfaction questionnaire to interact with librarians and librarians communication skills questionnaire. The sample size was calculated using a Cochran formula 419 people. Ancient samples stratified random sampling were selected from among all the students of Sabzevar. The data was analyzed by SPSS and Minitab through descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Students interact with librarians are satisfied. The results also indicate that the communication skills of librarians and student satisfaction and there is a significant correlation. Between different universities, there are significant differences in their satisfaction. That satisfaction rate is higher than others in the University of Medical Sciences. There is a significant difference between students in different grades of satisfaction so that undergraduates are less satisfied than others. The most important factors influencing satisfaction of the students are also references, gestures, with an awareness of the presence of others, avoiding the use of certain words, active listening, eye contact, use of open questions, comments and proposals, dealing with Gay librarian with themselves, to avoid premature diagnosis, the unsatisfactory to interact, tone of voice and emotions are set.

Backgrond: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) widely has been used in treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Different lines of evidence indicated that G-CSF is increased in inflammatory situation and has inflammatory characteristics. Unlike G-CSF, type I interferones (IFNs) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and therapeutic effects of them in inflammatory diseases such as hepatitis and multiple sclerosis is known. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of G-CSF on blood factors and also whether type I IFNs can normalize the probable effects of G-CSF on blood factors.Materials and Methods: 42 mice (male, eight weeks) were divided into six groups of seven, which includes Group 1: (control) injection of distilled water, Group 2: injection 200 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) G-CSF, Group 3: injection 200 mg/kg b.w. interferon-a (IFN-a), Group 4: injection 200 mg/kg b.w. interferon beta (IFN-b), Group 5: injection 200 mg/kg b.w. G-CSF+200 mg/kg b.w. IFN-a, and Group 6: injection 200 mg/kg b.w. G-CSF+200 mg/kg b.w. IFN-b. After 28 days, blood was taken from each mouse heart and blood biochemical parameters (glucose, triglyceride, cholestrol) was investigated.Results: surprisingly, in most cases, the G-CSF and type one IFNs alone or simultaneously reduced the levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. Also, the reduction of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol were higher in G-CSF and IFNs in compare with G-CSF alone. Our data raise the possibility that, G-CSF and IFN-α/β have some similarity in signaling pathway which has to be investigated.

Backgrond: The female sexual dysfunction can be caused by a range of different factors. The aim of the present study is to assess the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction and its association with related psychological factors.Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical research on 322 women in Sabzevar during 2015 year. The sampeling was stratified random. The instrument which has been used in research is Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS). The descriptive statistics and regression was analyzed by STATA 12 software.Results: Most of the subjects were between 20 to 30 years old (N=186). The mean and standard deviation of the subjects were respectively M (29.64), SD (6.60). The prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 40%, so that the highest and lowest prevalence was in subscales of sexual desire 46.73 and dissatisfaction 8.18, respectively. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 48.9, 60.63 and 54.66, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between sexual function with variable stress with adjusted odds ratios (01.2) and confidence interval (18.3-04.1) and depression variable in different sub-groups with adjusted odds ratio higher than two.Conclusion: Anxiety and depression can effect on female sexual dysfunction. Therefore, in treatment of sexual dysfunction is better to pay more attention to these variables.

Backgrond: Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in patients with diabetes that its incidence in addition to the impact on the course of treatment can be changed the prognosis. This study aimed to determine the effects of progressive muscle relaxation on depression in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This study was a clinical trial that conducted on 77 patients who referred to Diabetes Center of Sabzevar city. The participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory and if they earned 14-28 (mild to moderate depression), included to study. Then, participants after consent, were divided randomly into two groups of progressive muscle relaxation (n=37) and control (n=40). Relaxation performed two times a week for 20-30 minutes within six weeks, under the supervision of a researcher. Beck Depression Inventory was completed at the end of the sixth week again. In analytic measurements of this study used of statistical analysis in SPSS software (Version 16). A P value of<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: The mean depression score after intervention in relaxation group compared to control group was ranged from 20.91±4.20 to 11.29±2.85 and from 20.60±4.21 to 19.99±3.61, respectively. According to independent t-test, there was significant difference between case and control groups (P<0.001). Paired t-test showed statistically significant difference in terms of depression scores before and after intervention (P<0.001), while in control group had not any statistical significancy (P=0.204).Conclusion: Progressive muscle relaxation is effective way to reduce depression in patients with diabetes type 2.

Backgrond: Parkinson is a chronic, degenerative and destructive disease of the nervous system caused by the destruction of dopaminergic neurons that reside in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. It often happens in the ages of between 50 and 60 and one of its characteristics is the lack of balance. The goal by this present research was to study the effect of balance training in water on the patients with Parkinson disease.Materials and Methods: The present semi-experimental study used a pretest-posttest control group design. The study population included patients referred to the Hospital of Alzahra.36 men patients with Parkinson that were non-randomly selected and voluntarily divided into experimental (n=20) and control (n=16) groups. The experimental group in addition to medication, performed activity in water 3 times/ week, 60 min for 12 weeks whereas control subjects were treated only by medication and routine activities performed. Before intervention and three months after the intervention, the patient's balance was assessed by Berg Balance Scale. Data using ANCOVA (P<0.05) and SPSS 19 software was analyzed.Results: In comparison with the control group, the intervention group balance scores after 12 weeks of balance training in the water were greatly improved) from 49.1 to 53.70 increased).Conclusion: The findings showed that balance training in water can be used as useful and effective method to improve balance and in turn daily functioning of Parkinson's disease patients. According to the severity of disease in patients participating in this study (I-III), the results can be extended only to this group of patients.

Backgrond: According to recent statistics, the teenagers form 28.1% of the population in our country. Also, 15% of children under 5 years suffer from stunting, and 9% had moderate to severe underweight moderate and severe based on weight and age. By considering the importance of nutrition in adolescence, as well as the role of health education in providing effective training to create the proper nutritional habits, researcher aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention on the nutritional behavior of female students of secondary school in Chabahar city.Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental research conducted on two groups of 90 female students, selected randomly from two middle schools of Chabahar, Iran in 2012–2013. The samples were divided into two groups randomly, as control group and test group (n=45). Data collection instruments was FFQ questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed at two stages (before, and three months later after educational intervention) by the students. Following the pre-test, the educational intervention has been conducted in four sessions in a 10-day period of time. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 18 and appropriate statistical tests.Results: There was not significant difference between the two groups before intervention, concerning their average scores of the main variables of the study (P>0.05). There appeared meaningful differences between two groups after intervention concerning the average scores of facilitating behaviors (P<0.001).Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, educational intervention has positively effected on the students' nutrition pattern.

Backgrond: Administration of medications is an important part of treatment and care provided by nurses. Medication errors in nursing profession are one of the most common health care mistakes. One of the factors in the incidence of medication errors, job stress, so stress management and efficient use of preventive methods is necessary to appear. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of a stress inoculation training on the medication error of nurses.Materials and Methods: The present research is, a field trial controlled study. The population included 100 nurses in medical, surgical and pediatric hospitals constitute Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. Nurses are selected using quota sampling permutation blocks and divided into two groups. The intervention group, stress inoculation training (workshop 2 days 8 hours a week) was conducted. The data collecting tool by a researcher-made forms of occupational demographic information and registration forms medication errors, during the two stage, one months before and one and a half months after the intervention was completed by both groups. Data were analyzed by means of SPSS-11.5 and SAS 9.1 statistical software using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, Fisher, T test and generalized estimation equations.Results: The mean and standard deviation of medication errors in the intervention group before stress inoculation training 5.65±2.30 and a half months was 2.68±1.57. Analysis of data between the mean medication errors samples before and after the intervention groups showed significant differences (P<0.05).Conclusion: Stress inoculation training can reduce the incidence of medication errors.

Backgrond: Among the different type of antibiotics, the tetracycline occupied the 2end level of the more prevalence types in produce and use aspect worldwide and their existence in domestic wastewater will pollute our water resources. The aim of this study was to determine the performance of US/UV/H2O2 processes when reduction of tetracycline antibiotic from an aqueous environment was objected.Materials and Methods: The current experimental study use the ultrasonic bath simultaneously with ultraviolet wave and hydrogen peroxide. To detect the effect of variables include contact time (5-60 min), the antibiotic concentration (5-25 mg/l), pH (3-10), hydrogen peroxide concentration (5-20 mg/l) and the input power (90- 300 W) of instrument in process, the reactor has been sampled in different intervals and the residue concentration to be used to detect with spectrophotometer instrument in 261 nm length wave.Results: The result has been showed that the separately use of UV and US will not take a high performance with the best removal percent of 16% and 32%. Simultaneously use of US/UV/H2O2 cached a more highly reduction in tetracycline concentration and the best reduction was 83% removal that took place in pH=4.5, antibiotic concentration of 10 mg/I, input power of 240 W, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 20 mg/l, time equal with 50 min.Conclusion: The result has been showed that the US/UV/H2O2 process can be used as a performance process to remove the tetracycline antibiotic from an aqueous environment.

Backgrond: Teucrium polium is a medicinal plant with species that have been used for over 2000 years in traditional medicine. Candida glabrat is one of the most prevalent Candida species, which is critical for the treatment of diseases due to being resistant against drugs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Teucrium polium on Candida glabrata colonization in liver, kidney and spleen.Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 90 mature male mice which were divided into 9 groups including: normal, placebo, candida-extract (three treatment), Candida glabrata (positive control) and extract (three negative control). Treatment and negative groups were received 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg dosages of extract for 20 days (every other day) by intraperitoneal injection. Candida glabrata was injected in the eleventh day. Then homogenized liver, spleen and kidney were cultured on SDA medium and colony count were performed.Results: According to the results, in 100 and 200 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of Teucrium polium, there exist no yeast in liver, kidney and spleen..Conclusion: It is likely that ethanolic extract of Teucrium polium, can stimulate the immunity against Candida glabrata.

Backgrond: Traffic accidents are the third cause of death in the world and the second cause of death in developing regions. In city after cardiovascular diseases as a model country in second place is death. The purpose of this research is to identify factors affecting the inner city accidents.Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The population studied consisted of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Sabzevar injuries due to traffic accidents in the city, from 5/6/2010 until 5/6/2011 was dated. Data were collected using a questionnaire. To valid questionnaires from experts resumes and accident Center for Disease Control and Traffic Control Center experts and its reliability was 96.7. Research data with chi-square tests, t-test and ANOVA analysis and the results were presented in tables and charts.Results: 87% of men with the highest frequency of their gender. Most of the victims of the vehicle drivers (60%) were formed. The vehicle involved in an accident with 73.4% motorcycle. 84.8% of car occupants injured were not using seat belts. But 92.5% vehicle drivers of two-wheel vehicles without a helmet. 1.27% of vehicles checked were speeding in the city.6.40% of the drivers in an accident did not observe traffic rules and the highest percentage of accidents during the hours of 7 AM to 12 AM occurred.Conclusion: In order to reduce traffic accidents, among children and youth culture in the long term and plan to deal with accidental violations, including speeding, non-use of safety belts and helmets are recommended.