ADVANCES IN COGNITIVE SCIENCE
Year:2018 | Volume:19 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:10

Introduction: Time perception is one of the most controversial issues in the field of cognitive science. One of the first models for time perception in the brain is the internal clock model, according to which a part of the brain acts as the constructor of time pulses and another part as the counter of these pulses. Yet, nother part is responsible for storing this time in memory. According to previous studies, delta and beta waves seem to play a role in the overestimation and underestimation of individuals, although the role of these waves in the perception of long- term time frames has not been studied.Method: Participants in the test were 33 healthy subjects and according to the way of estimating time, they were placed in two groups of overestimation and underestimation. Time estimation was investigated during a mindfulness task. Functional brain activity was investigated using electroencephalography during rest and task. Spectral analysis was performed in the standard bands at 19 electrodes. Statistical analysis was carried out for five electrodes of C3, C4, Fz, Cz, Pz. The statistical comparison of five C3, C4, Fz, Cz, Pz electrodes showed a meaningful difference between the two groups in the absolute power of the beta frequency band (25-30 Hz) on each of the five electrodes.Results: The results show significant differences of high beta (25-30 Hz) absolute power at all investigated electrodes.Conclusion: The results can be argued in the context of internal clock model and scalar timing theory. In the range of long term duration, the results confirm internal clock model as a valid model for explaining time estimation.

Introduction: Nowadays advertising is the most important strategy for targeting the competitive market, and its use is inevitable. In order to increase the effectiveness and reduce the visual contamination of advertising, the accuracy of the use of the advertising tool is mandatory. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of accuracy in billboard advertising and social marketing testing using the element of advertising slogan. To this end, the perception and memory of the subjects were evaluated according to the social slogan by identifying the logo.Method: In this study, 10 PhD students were tested and evaluated using Eye Tracking Technique. In this test, six tea brands were chosen, three of which had used social slogans, while the other three used commercial slogans in their advertisements. Other than Image Processing using the ANOVA test and Colonial Competitive Algorithm, statistical analysis and clustering were also carried out.Results: Visual tracking results showed that social nature advertising can have a significant effect on behavior. The results of statistical analysis and clustering also confirmed this distinction.Conclusion: To enhance the accuracy of billboard advertisement, it should be designed in a creative way, so that the consumers’ mental involvement increases. The eye tracker could provide a precise rating of billboard elements. The indicators of this cognitive tool showed that social slogans could affect the perception and memory of consumers with respect to the brand.

Introduction: in most modern societies, the elderly are considered as heavy burdens on the shoulders of families. Rapid changes in social and cultural values have left a significant effect on the life quality of the elderly, one of which is the reduction of cognitive flexibility and their resilience. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of training mindfulness- based acceptance and commitment on Cognitive flexibility and resilience of the elderly.Method: the research design was a quasi-experimental with control and experimental groups in which 30 elderly people of Behshahr Welfare Complex were selected via convenience sampling and randomly allocated to two experimental and control groups. Participants in the two levels of pre- test and post- test were assessed with Dennis- Vander Wal Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaires (CFI) and Connor- Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RIS).The experimental group received intervention for 8 sessions of 60-minutes each (one session a week) by the Flaxman protocol. Data were evaluated by analysis of covariance and version 20 of SPSS software.Results: The findings suggested that the experimental group, compared with the control group, had improved on Cognitive Flexibility and Resilience in the post- test and the improvement was visible on both variables (p<0.05).Conclusion: Training of Mindfulness-based commitment causes an increase in the flexibility and resilience of the elderly.

Introduction: The main purpose of the present research was to deal with a comparative study of conceptual metaphor between Persian speaking normal children and mentally- impaired educable children based on Lakoff and Johnson (1980) model.Method: The present research is a causal- comparative study. Participants included 15 Persian speaking normal children of ordinary schools and 15 Persian speaking children with intellectual disabilities from exceptional schools of Jiroft city. Sampling methods were available. The children were asked to complete a questionnaire to answer the conceptual metaphor of the researcher. T-test and multivariate analysis were used to analyze and examine the research hypothesis to compare the mean of independent samples.Results: The results of this study showed that the mean of perception of conceptual metaphor was lower in children with intellectual disabilities than normal children (P<0.05).Conclusion: Mentally impaired children had a different performance in the perception of conceptual metaphor in comparison to typically developing children.

Introduction: Happiness is a scientific name of the assessment of individuals from life. A happy person processes and interprets the information in a way that ultimately makes him feel happy and optimistic. Academic vitality refers to a positive, productive and adaptive response to a variety of challenges and obstacles that are experienced in the ongoing field of study. Certainly the consequence of a meaningful life is a feeling of mastery, calmness, happiness and vitality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of logo- therapy training on happiness and academic vitality of female students in the second grade of secondary school in Khorramabad city.Method: This study was done by pre- test, post- test and follow-up with the control group and the statistical population of this study included all female students of second grade of secondary schools in Khorramabad city (2015-2016). The sampling method in this study was random and step by step. First, a school was selected from secondary all- girl schools of the two education districts of Khorramabad. Then, 32 students were selected and placed in two groups of 16 experimental and control groups. The tools of this research were the New Form of Oxford Happiness Scale OHQ (2001) and Hossein Chari and Dehghanizadeh Academic Vitality Questionnaire (1391). Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate and one- way analysis of covariance) were used to analyze the data.Results: The results showed that logo-therapy training increases the happiness and academic vitality of the students and the results were also preserved in the follow-up phase.Conclusion: Accordingly, teachers are encouraged to teach logo- therapy during the training period.

Introduction: Nostalgia as one of the complex emotions has been challenged over the past few decades due to its psychological and physiological functions. The present experiment investigates the effect of recalling nostalgic memories on amelioration of homeostatic and health state of people with cardiovascular disease.Method: The participants were 30 patients who were hospitalized for angiography procedure. The research was based on an experimental design with randomized and post-test groups. The instruments used included a thermometer with °C, a checkout manipulation test, a blood pressure monitor, an ice container and a manual timer, a pain intensity perception scale and Batcho’s nostalgia questionnaire.Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in perceived temperature, the resilience in the face of pain, and the perceived pain. The experimental group perceived higher temperature and showed greater resilience in the face of pain and also lower pain intensity was reported. There was no significant difference in blood pressure between the two groups.Conclusion: The results of this study provide significant evidence for the embodiment emotions hypothesis and positive role of Nostalgia in psychological and physiological homeostatic. Further practical implications of results and suggestions for future research were considered.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate mediating role of moral identity in the relationship between basic beliefs and subjective well- being.Method: For this purpose, 495 university students in Tehran with an average age of 21 (269 girls and 226 boys) in their late adolescence and emerging adulthood, were selected through random sampling method. They were asked to respond to the Basic Beliefs Inventory (BBI), Subjective Well- Being (SWB) (the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Positive and Negative Affection Scales inventories), and Moral Identity Questionnaire (MIQ).Results: Path analysis showed that fitness of the model was appropriate. The path coefficients also indicate the indirect effect of belief in a meaningful world and the world of goodness with the mediating factor of moral integrity of moral identity (among the basic beliefs) on subjective well- being. Also, the results of the research show the lack of mediating role of the components of moral identity in the relationship between belief in others’ support, self- desirability and favorable relationships with subjective well- being.Conclusion: It seems that moral identity can play a role among some relationships between fundamental beliefs and subjective well- being in late adolescence.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the evolution of the types of attention in preschool children aged 5 to 7 years.Method: In this descriptive cross- sectional study, 200 preschool children (100 girls and 100 boys) aged between 5 and 7 were selected through random cluster sampling from the city of Tabriz, Iran, in 2016. To determine the evolution process of the types of attention, the test developed by Hafezi et al. (2016) was employed and the data analysis was carried out using a two-way ANOVA.Results: The results showed that the scores of the attention in girls and boys were increased with regard to age except for auditory, Selective, divided, focused and Total score of attention. In terms of both genders, except for flexible, selective and divided attention, other types of attention showed meaningful differences between boys and girls. With the exception of selective, divided and Centralized attention, there was a significant interaction between genders and age in other types of attention (p£0.05).Conclusion: Attention in preschool children aged 5 to 7 years has complex dimensions of evolution, which necessitates further studies.