SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH IRANIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
Year:2017 | Volume:13 | Issue:1|Papers Count:13

Brucellosis is zoonotic and contagious disease caused by the genus Brucella. In buffalo, the disease mainly occurred by Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis and causes significant economic losses including abortion, loss in milk production and low fertility rates in animals.In this study, serum samples from 320 slaughtered water buffaloes were collected from Ahvaz abattoir during 2014-2015. The collected sera were analyzed for the presence of antibody against brucella by two commercial ELISA kits (IDEXX and ID vet), Wright and Rose Bengal methods and the results were analyzed by Cochran and Mc Nemar test. The results showed that the seroprevalence of brucellosis with Wright method was 1.56%. Significant difference was seen between IDEXX (P<0.001) and ID vet (P<0.01) ELISA kits with Wright and Rose Bengal methods, but there was no significant difference between two ELISA kits (P>0.05). Agreement between Rose Bengal and Wright methods with IDEXX and ID vet ELISA kits was moderate and Kappa statistic for these associations were 0.43 and 0.48 respectively, but agreement between Rose Bengal method with Wright method was very good and Kappa statistic for these association was 1. Agreement between IDEXX and ID vet ELISA kits was very good and Kappa statistic for this association was 0.86. This research showed that the sensitivity of ELISA is more than Rose Bengal and Wright methods, but according to the strategy of disease control in Iran, it is recommended that this method is designed for practical use by determining the cut-off point of the test.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fig leaf extract on the activity of MMPs, in fibroblast (HEP2) cell culture. For this purpose, fig leaf extract was prepared in three forms: 1) aqueous, 2) hydro-alcoholic and 3) alcoholic extracts. Using a 24 wells cell culture plates, six wells of a plate were filled with 5ml aqueous extract, 10ml aqueous extract, 5ml hydro _ alcoholic extract, 10ml hydro_ alcoholic extract, 5ml alcoholic extract, and 1ml alcohlic extract, as test samples, respectively. For each test sample, it was considered a control well, with the same content as test, but without the extracts. Thereafter, the plates were incubated at 37° C and 5%CO2. The effects of different extracts, were investigated after 24, 48 and 72 hours, using an inverted microscope and determination of cell viability and cytotoxicity by trypan blue staining. and zymography test with gelatin for MMPs Activities.The result of the study were as follows: the alcoholic extract at a concentration of 5ml caused cell death after 24 h, and a concentration of 1ml of alcoholic extract, also led to cell death after 48 hours. Hydro_alcoholic extract caused cell death, at a concentration of 10ml, after 72 hours. In zymography test, it was observed the inhibitory effect of fig leaf extract on the MMPs activities, in all tested doses. However, there were seen enzyme activities in all control tests which showed the same molecular weight bands, 92KD, as was shown in standard marker and belonged to MMP9. The present study, confirmed the inhibitory effect of fig leaf extract on the activity of MMPs in cell cultures. It is recommended to continue this study with molecular methods besides zymography, and clinical observation, using the fig leaf extract and its inhibitory effects on the other kinds of MMPs, separately.

Prolactin is a hormone which has an important role in the behavior of bird's broodiness.Several studies have shown that prolactin gene could be a candidate gene for broodiness. The variations in the different parts of this gene, have potential usefulness as genetic markers and could help in the genetic improvement of populations. The aim of this research was to investigate the prolactin gene polymorphism using PCR-RFLP method on some masses Khouzestan native chicken. Therefore, random blood sampling from 100 chickens of native chickens in Khuzestan province breeding and Jihad livestock inputs (Bavi city) was performed. Genomic DNA was extracted from these samples, using modified salting out method. Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplification of 439 bp fragments of prolactin gene promoter by specific primers. Allele frequency for C and T, 0.655 and 0.345 and genotype frequencies of CC, CT and TT 0.41, 0.49 and 0.10 were estimated respectively.Using the chi-square (X2) showed that the locus allele frequencies is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The results showed that prolactin gene is polymorphic in the studied area and PCR-RFLP method is proper for genotype determination of prolactin gene chicken studies.

Current study was performed to evaluate a part of the dietary methionine substitution by betaine on fatty acid synthase gene expression in laying hens under heat stress. Present study was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with a 2×2 factorial experiment using 96 (65-week) hens in Line strains W36. First factor was done with 2 dietary treatments with 2 levels; 100% methionine, 87% methionine and 13% betaine and second factor with 1 level without heat stress and 1 with (salon with 35°C); (Salon with 23 °C) with 4 treatments and 3 repetition (8 birds in each repetition). To achieve appropriate stress, the hens were daily exposed under 35°C for 6 hours. After 2 month of feeding, 4 birds were eventually slaughtered and fatty acid synthase gene expression was assessed by means of specific primer and real time PCR analysis. The results indicated that addition of betaine to died and exposure heat stress caused a significant decline in fatty acid synthase gene expression being 1.98 and 2.15 fold in liver tissue, respectively (P<0.01). Hence, addition of betaine and heat stress exposure might inhibit fatty acid synthase gene expression in mRNA state and reduce fat synthesis in the body by reducing the expression of fatty acid synthase. There for, betaine may adverse the effects of heat stress in poultry.

Scorpion stings are responsible for a number of deaths in infants, children and adults in developing countries all over the world. This study was carried out in order to study the pathogenesis of Hemiscorpius lepturus as the most dangerous scorpions of Khuzestan province, its effects on hemogram and erythrocyte osmotic fragility, and the role of polyvalent antivenom on these changes in rats. For those aims 90 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 equal groups randomly (group A, B, C, D and E). Group A were injected with normal saline as control group. Group B were injected with 1 mg/kg of venom ipIP. Group C, D and E were injected with the same amount of the venom and polyvalent antivenom 0.5ml/rat im. The antivenom were injected 20 minutes after venom in group C, 20 and 60 minutes after venom in group D and along with the venom in group E. Blood samples were collected from all groups (6 rats at each time) in 1, 3 and 24 hours after venom injection. Blood samples were used for complete blood count (CBC) and assessment of the erythrocyte osmotic fragility.There were significant changes in the hemogram (RBC count, PCV, Hb, WBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte) and the erythrocyte osmotic fragility after venom injection in group B compared to the control group. The results showed that administration of polyvalent antivenom in different methods can reduce the changes of hemogram and osmotic fragility in antivenom treated groups.

Cyclophosphamide is a common chemotherapic medicine but it has toxic side effects.Different medicines are used to prevent its side effects. The aim of this study is evaluation of the protective effects of Mesna against cyclophosphamide toxicity in rat placenta tissue.Fifteen pregnant rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (1) control (normal saline), (2) cyclophosphamide (15 mg/kg), (3) cyclophosphamide (15 mg/kg) and Mesna (100 mg/kg).Medicines were administered intraperitoneally on the 13th day of pregnancy. Rats were sacrificed on the 20th day. The placentae were separated and floated in fixative solution. Five mm placental tissue sections were prepared and after staining generally and specially they were studied by light microscopy. Cyclophosphamide decreased placental weight and diameters (P<0.05). Histologically, it induced labyrinth and basal layers thickness reduction (P<0.05) their necrosis and congestion, giant cell number reduction (P<0.05) and their nuclear shrinkage. Mesna has no effect on placental morphometry rather than cyclophosphamide (P>0.05) but histologically, increased labyrinth and basal layers thickness and giant cells number (P<0.05). It also prevented nuclear shrinkage and necrosis in giant cells and spongiotrophoblasts in the basal layer and reduce congestion in the labyrinth layer (P<0.05).Mesna sulfhydryl groups possibly react with acrolein, the major factor of cyclophosphamide toxicity, and change it to nontoxic compounds. Mesna may protect rat placental tissue against cyclophosphamide toxic effects by this mechanism.

The esophagus is a part of the digestive tube which has role in transferring of food from oral cavity to stomach. The musculature of the esophagus causes its movement. The muscle content of the esophagus has been studied in different species and showed notable differences.The information about muscle content in wild species is scant. Therefore, two Persian leopards were used in this investigation. After euthanizing, esophagus of each animal was removed. The samples were fixed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin. The tissues were routinely processed for light microscopy and embedded in paraffin. The paraffin blocks were cut into 5-7 mm sections and stained by hematoxylin-eosin and masson's trichrome. The results showed that muscularis mucosa which made up of a smooth muscle was appeared from the caudal half of the esophagus as scattered fibers and became gradually thicken toward the caudal part of the esophagus. Tunica muscularis with internal circular and external longitudinal muscle layers which were separated with connective tissue have been seen in the beginning of esophagus. From the beginning of the second half of the esophagus, smooth muscle fibers were observed between the internal circular striated muscles and then gradually increased to be completely substituted with smooth muscle in caudal fourth part of the esophagus. Finally, in gastroesophageal junction, the longitudinal muscle was also substituted with smooth muscle and the smooth muscle of the esophagus continued to the stomach. This study is the first description of the histomorphological features of the esophagus of the leopard showed noticeable differences in type and arrangement of muscles within esophageal wall of this species in comparison with that of other mammals.

It seems that the natural immune stimulants such as herbal extracts containing carotenoids, especially algae, is the most practical method to prevent fish disease. Immune stimulants by enhancing the innate immune system can prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases.Dietary with carotenoids, has improved the immune system in many laboratory animals. In order to investigate the effect of alcoholic extract of Sorgassum angustifolium, 120 pieces of fish were randomly divided into four groups (each aquarium containing 30 piece fish, 6.5±0.65 gr) and for 60 days for doing the experiment were maintenanced and fed. The fourth treatment was the control group that only received commercial food (Biomar) was coated with olive oil. First, second and third groups were fed with of 5, 10 and 15 g/kg ethanol extract S.angustifolium for two months. After 60 days, the fish were anesthetized and blood samples were taken for hematological and immunological studies. Among the different treatments, the highest rate of PCV, Hb and MCHC was observed in treatment that fed 5g/ kg algae (p<0.05).The number of white blood cells in all treatments were fed with algae was more than the control group, but this difference was not significant (p>0.05). NBT activity in the serum of treatment fed with 15g/kg S. angustifolium algae was more than the other treatments and the control group (p<0.05). Complement activity in groups that fed with 10 and 15g/ kg alcoholic extract of algae in day 60, was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). Serum bactericidal power in treatments that fed with alcoholic extract of algae, compared to other treatments and control group showed no significant difference (p>0.05). According to the results of the present study, oral administration of ethanol extract of S. angustifolium stimulate some nonspecific immune factors in Macro fish.

Chicken breast meat (fillet) is favored by consumers worldwide but it is prone to rapid spoilage, therefore, food industries are nowadays seeking technologies to increase its shelf-life. Spoilage of fresh poultry products is an economic burden to the producer. Furthermore, as consumer's demand for more "healthier" meals (free of conventional chemical preservatives) has increased in the last decade. Chitosan, a deacetylated form of chitin, is a polysaccharide found in the shells of crab and shrimps and the cell walls of fungi. Chitosan has been proved to be non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible. Essential oils derived from plants have been recognized for decades to exhibit biological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial attributes. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chitosan edible coating (2%) containing rosemary essential oil (1%) on the shelf life and keeping quality of chicken breast meat at refrigerated storage temperature.Samples were separated into three groups; uncoated (control), treated with acetic acid 1% and coated with chitosan containing rosemary essential oil. Samples were stored at 4±1°C up to 15 days and evaluated periodically (on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15) for microbiological (mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacterial counts), chemical (pH, TBA, TVN) and sensory (external aspect, muscular elasticity, odor and color) characteristics. Microbial analysis indicated that coating had significant effects (P<0.05) in reducing the mesophilic and psychrophilic bacterial counts with at least a 15days extension of shelf life. Also, the samples coated with chitosan containing rosemary essential oil were showed lower TVN, TBA and pH than other groups during the storage time and about of the sensorial factors. The samples coated with chitosan containing rosemary essential oil can keep on the sensorial attributes acceptably during 15 days storage time.

One of the major issue in the interpretation of electrocardiograms is consideration to variation in the shape of ECG waves that can be different at different times not only among members of a species, different ages or sexes, but also in one animal. In this study, variable forms of QRS complexes of Khuzestan buffaloes, was determined. One hundred buffaloes were divided into two age and two sex groups. In this study a base apex lead was used to record ECG for studying prevalence of different forms of QRS complexes and data analyzed using chi- square method. Complete QRS complex was seen only in one case and in all other cases this complex were identified as QS or RS that maximum frequency was belong to QS form (73%). Differences of various forms of QRS complexes with or without concomitant presence in sex group were not significant. The only difference between the frequency of RS among the younger age groups and more than 2.5 years was significant. Simultaneous presence of these figures show that the frequency difference of QS and QS with RS was significant in the two age groups (P<0.05). The findings of this study showed that on base-apex lead, the QRS complex will be more in QS form.

Thousands of years before the plants have been used as a wound healing material. Typha angustifolia is native plant in wetland environments such as Khuzestan, Iran. It is available in abundance and extraction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Typha angustifolia pollen extract on experimental full thickness wound healing in mice. Thirty six mice were equally divided into 3 groups: the control group of saline, control group of eucerin and the treatment group (eucerin containing pollen extract), respectively. After anesthesia, a piece of 0.5 * 0.5 cm in size of skin was removed from the back of the neck and between the shoulders. The surgical site was treated with topical saline sterile. This treatment procedure was done for all 12 mice in each group and after each group received its specific treatment.Each of the groups was also divided into 3 subgroups (group 7, 14 and 21 days). At the end of each period in each group and after euthanasia of each mouse, wounded skin removed with 0.5 cm of surrounding skin and sent to histopathology laboratory. At the end of the study, mononuclear cells, polymorphonuclear, fibroblasts and angiogenesis was lower than other groups in the treatment group (p<0.001). Despite being less wound contraction in the treatment group, the process was more than other groups in day 14 (p<0.001). While in the treatment group, the process of wound contraction was less severe at the beginning, it was more strongly than the other groups in the following (p<0.001). Complete wound healing was observed in all groups at day 21. In this study, the application of Typha angustifolia pollen extract had a positive effect on wound healing process in mice and therefore it might be effective in wound healing.

Aflatoxicosis is a syndrome occurring in result of ingestion of aflatoxin. This toxin is produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxicosis is an important toxicity that can impose economic losses to producers. In January of 2013, in the one of the east Azerbaijan dairy farms, housing 2165 cattle, symptoms of diarrhea, braxism, lethargy, anorexia, tenesmus, watery diarrhea with blood clots in some cases, and finally, palsy and no response to treatment had seen in 12 cattle. For diagnosis, the disease history was obtained and clinical examination was done. Furthermore, the autopsy of slaghterd cattle was done and specimens were obtained for serologic, toxicological and hematological examination. At necropsy, hepatomegaly and liver paleness, intestinal congestion, Petechial hemorrhage of the abomasum, and gastrointestinal bloody content were seen. Additionally, elevation of liver enzymes and bilirubin levels and decreasment in blood proteins was seen. Aflatoxin B1 was explored in Apple cheese, the content of Rumen, abomasum and intestine. In conclusion, autopsy, toxicological findings and a blood chemical analysis confirmed the aflatoxin B1 toxicity.