IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS
Year:2002 | Volume:- | Issue:18|Papers Count:13

Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson from labiatae family has different varities. In present study we selected Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson var. kermanansis and Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson var. kotschiana, which cultivated in Research station of Alborz (Karadj). The volatile oil extracted from plant by steam distillation method and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents obtained from M longifolia (L.) Hudson var. kermanansis in flower oil were piperitenone oxide (44.3%), piperitone (25.3%)and piperitenone (10.6%) and in leaf oil were, piperitenone oxide (45.7%), piperitone (30.6%), piperitenone (5.6%), and for M longifolia (L.) Hudson var. kotschiana in flower oil were piperitone (58.2%), 1,8-cineole (26.7%) and piperitenone oxide (4.6%) and in leaf oil were piperitone (64%) and 1,8-cineole (28.4%).

The genus of mentha is one of the most important of medicinal plant which is used in pharmaceutical and food industries. In this research our aim is study on methods of extraction and its effects on content and constituents of essential oils from Mentha x piperita L. Samples were collected from Alborz research center (Medicinal plant research farm, in Karadj city), and then only leaves seperated and dried on laboratory condition, and essential oils extracted by different apparatus of steam distillation method (apparatus planed by Jaimand- Rezaee, plan -1 and plan -2 ) essential oils content were 0.16% and 0.22% yield respectively. The essential oils samples analyzed by GC and GC/MS. the major constituents in plan-1 were: isomenthol 41.5% , isomenthone 17.5% , (E)-b-ocimene 7.8% and carvacrol 7.8%, and in plan -2 were isomenthone 28.6% , carvacrol 13.8% , (E)-b-ocimene 8.4% and pulegone 7.4% . Now you can observed type of apparatus for extraction, can be one of the factors on quantitative isolation in essential oils.

Sequoia is a very big and ever green tree with 45-90 meter height. It is native to the side of Atlantic Ocean, Which is also cultivated in Iran. The plant materials were collected from one of the Sequoia trees from Rezvanshahr Garden in August. The height to this tree was 40 meter and it was 30 years old.For preparation of tissue culture samples, the end part of shoots in 1-2 centimeter length has been cultivated.The leaves from main tree and also tissue culture sample were hydrodistilled for their essential oils. The oils were analyzed by combination of capillary GC and GC/MS.72 Compounds were identified in the leaf oil of main tree and 37 compounds were characterized in the leaf oil of tissue culture sample. The main components of the oil from main tree were b- phellandrene and limonene (13.30%), a- pinene (6.83%), terpinene -4-o1 (6.47%), g-teroubebe *5.44%) and germacrene B (4.17%), while the major components of the oil from tissue culture sample were a- pinene (26.30%), a- terpinenyl acetate (14.40%), sabinene (13.60%), g- terpinene (7.10%), germacrene D (6.90%), b-phellandrene and limonene (6.60 %) and p-cymene (5.00%). Althoug these components were found in both oils, but the higher percentage of some useful compounds in the oil of tissue culture sample, gave it more effective character.

The essential oils of Hyssopus officinalis from field and wild growing were studied by GC and GC/MS. The plant leaves were collected in the blooming stage on the experimental field in alborz karaj and nature in Roudbarak at Mazandaran province.Then they dried up and the essential oil isolated by steam distillation. Rt and KI were compared to the standard compounds then obtained components were recognized and their quality were defined per percent. Among 30 identified compounds in cultivated specimen the major components were iso-pinocamphone (32.4%), pinocamphone (13.1%), b-pinene (12.2%) and pinocarvone(7.5%). In wild plant from 16 compounds iso-pinocamphone (49.4%), inocamphone(18.7%), b-pinene (8.94%) and myrcene(5.8) were the main components. The oil obtained in yield of 0.6 % w/w in cultivated plant and 0.7% in wild plant.

Due to the importance of different species of Ephedra genus which produce ephedrine and psuedoephedrine, several samples of 9 species of Ephedra were collected from native habitates and then determined. During collection, some ecological factors like altitude, precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, soil texture, orientation and accompanying species were studied. Result showed, while E. major and E. procera distribute in hyrcani region and E. brevifolia which grows in sahara- sandi region, other species distribute in Irano- Torani region. E. major is found from altitude 300 to 2900 m and is adapted to different egions. This species is established on sand-rock soil successfully.

The chemical constituents of the oil from Taxodium distichum (L.) were collected in mide of summer, essential oils were extracted from fruit by hydrodistillation method (clevenger - type apparatus) which apparatus planed to take oil in running time without stopping of process. In this extraction we collected three fraction and then oils analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents in fraction - 1 were a- pinene (61.8%) which decrease in fraction - 2 (57.1%) and in fraction - 3 (14.8%) , and another compound 1- terpineol in fraction - 1 were (31.5%) and in fraction - 2 increased (32.5%) but in fraction - 3 again decreased (24%) and for b- caryophyllene in fraction - 1 with (1.2%) in fraction - 2 are increased (7.2%) and in fraction - 3 again increased (24.6%).

This experiment was conducted on 200I and 2002 in research farm of Qazvin Agriculture Research Station, in order to study the effect of different rates of nitrogen, Phosphorus (Conventional system), manure (Organic system) and mixture of them (Integrated system) on seed yield and essential oil content of Ajowan (Carum copticum). The experimental design was used randomized complete blocks with three replication. Treatments included: different rates of N and P (as mixture) with 4 levels, different rates of manure with 3 levels, mixture of N, P and distillation method. The results showed that increase in N and P fertilizer up to 90 and 60 kg/ha respectively, were followed by seed yield increase but fertilizers had no effect on the essential oil content. Also, seed yield essential oil content increased as a result of increase in manure application. In general integrated treatments in respect of seed yeild and essential oil yield were higher than other treatments.

Fresh aerial parts of Thymus carmanicus JALAS scov. Nov are collected from charbagh montaines 2250 m from Gorgan state on mide of July 2001, essential oil extracted by steam distillation method. To produce oil on yields of 0.82% w/w. Essential oil were analyzed by GC and GC/MS.The major constituent of the oil were, pulegone (25.37), 1.8- cineole (9.47), carvacrol (8.94), trans- p- menth- 2- en- 1- oL (8.49), verbenone (8.04%), borneole (6.37%), p- cymene (6.13%), menthol (5.76%), piperitone (5.43%) and thymol (3%), being predominant.

The volatile constituents from roots rhizoms of valeriana sisymbriifolia Vahl were collected from three different localities in Iran and the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation method, the three samples yielded were Hamedan sample (0.08%), Este Azarbaijan sample (0.31%) and Esfehan sample (0.26%) (V/W) essential oil on a dry weight basis, and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main components on Hamedan sample were a-pinene (14%), borneol (11.5%) and bornyl acetate (6.4%), Azarbaijan sample were a-pinene (16.6%), borneol (9.7%), b - himachalene (7.3%) and spathulenol (5%) and Esfehan sample were bornyl (13.53%), g - murrolene (5.2%) and humulene epoxide II (3.5%).