Year:2005 | Volume:22 | Issue:4 (45)|Papers Count:21

This article investigates the attitudes of the students towards cultural and art activities, and the effective factors on the rate of interest, awareness and participation in these activities. Population of this research consisted of the students of Shiraz University from different fields and levels of study. 1400 questionnaire were distributed among the students randomly, of which 780 were returned. Findings show that the rate of students' interest towards art and cultural activities is rather high. According to the students the necessity of these programs is obvious, but the rate of their awareness is rather less. Findings of the analysis of the hypotheses show that three variables: interest, need to get information, and awareness have direct correlation with their participation in art activities. Women, singles, unemployed, big city dwellers, those with educated parents, higher income students, BA students and students of Arts and Architecture show more interest.

Doctor-patient communication is an important tool in health care by which physicians and patients relate to each other and attempt to achieve therapeutic goals (Hulsman, et al. 1999). Numerous studies have already been carried out to investigate the nature of such communication and ways of enhancing its quality (e.g. Cassell, 1985 and Chan, et al. 2002). However, review of the literature indicates that medical education on doctor-patient communication has not made any comparison between the patients' perceptions of general practitioners (GPs) and those of specialist physicians (SPs). The aims of the current study are therefore to investigate and compare patients' satisfaction with regard to clinic interactions they have with GPs on the one hand and SPs on the other. This is done by the use of a IS-item questionnaire, developed based on the key principles of doctor-patient communication, suggested by psycho-socialists and clinical psychologists (e.g. Kaplan and Sadock 1998). The questionnaire was completed by a total of 1209 subjects, 485 of whom were GPs' patients and 724 who had referred to SPs. According to the results, satisfaction rate with GPs was significantly greater than that with SPs (i.e. 54% vs. 48%, p= 0.04). In other words, patients referring to GPs were significantly more satisfied with their clinic interviews than those referring to SPs.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the validity of Attribution Styles Questionnaire and the effects of gender and academic fields of studies on attribution styles of high school students in Ahvaz. The research was carried out in two stages: the pilot study (n=100) and the original study (n=390).The pilot study was done to find out the psychometric prosperities of the Peterson, et al. Attribution Syles Questionnaire. In the original study, 192 male and 198 female students from two fields of study (mathematics-physics and natural science) were selected randomly. The results of the pilot study showed that Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficients (and split-half coefficients) for positive style were 0.73 and 0.68, for negative style was 0.62 and 0.63 and for all events was 0.67 and 0.66. Also factor analysis (construct validity) extracted two factors (positive and negative styles). The same analysis was done on the original sample and the results are discussed in the article. In addition, the results of negative, positive and all events attribution styles, using Analysis of Variance (Repeated Measures), showed that there are significant differences between boys and girls, but no significant differences between mathematics-physics and natural science fields of study.

The aim of this research was to study the relationship of self-monitoring, collectivism, and family and social values. The sample of this study includes 206 Shiraz University students (mean age=21.8 and SD=3.5). The Asian Value Scale (AVS) and self-monitoring scale were used for data gathering. The results of factors analysis on these two scales showed that there are seven factors for the AVS and three factors for self-monitoring scale. The regression analysis revealed that the emotional self regulation and family achievement (in the AVS) are two powerful predictors for collectivism. Also the results showed that self-monitoring and extroversion have significant correlations with collectivism. In this study age and educational level of mother were two important individual and family variables to predict the collectivism.

Substance dependency is a world issue that has affected human society. Group therapy and family psycho-education are two treatment approaches that are used for this disorder. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of structured group therapy and family psycho-education on the reduction of relapse frequency in out-patient addicts referred to Isfahan addicts rehabilitation center. Therefore, 28 patients with substance dependency diagnosis were randomly selected, assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the structured group therapy plus family psycho-education and the control group were on the waiting list. It was hypothesized that structured group therapy plus family psycho-education would lead to a reduction of the relapse frequency. The Relapse Prediction Scale (RPS) and Thin Layer Chromatography (FLC) were administrated to all subjects as the post-test and as a two-month follow-up test. The result of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there was a significant reduction in the mean scores of experimental group, as compared with the control group on the RPS post-test (P=0.000), but not on the follow-up test. However, the experimental group had a significant reduction on the relapse frequency compared to the control group (P=0.002). In fact, structured group therapy and family psycho-education can decrease probability of relapse especially during the 3 months of recovery, because these interventions can increase the motivation to change and. provide practical strategies for coping and adjusting in interaction problems in the early recovery.

The most recent cognitive-social approaches have suggested three different kinds of achievement goals, including: mastery goal, performance goal, and performance avoidance goal. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between types of goals and components of self-regulation (metacognition, cognition and motivation) among Shiraz University students of different fields of study. The participants were 229 (boys and girls) students selected from engineering, basic sciences, education, and humanities colleges. Achievement goal orientation (AGOQ) and self-regulation (SRQ) questionnaires were administrated. Factor analysis method was used to verify validity and alpha cronbach was calculated to determine reliability of the questionnaires. Results of regression analysis showed that mastery goal was the positive and performance avoidance was the negative predictor of self-regulation components. Mediational effect of field of study was also examined. Results revealed different patterns of prediction in each field.

The purpose of this study was to investigate marital satisfaction in parents with educable mentally retarded children as compared to marital satisfaction in parents with normally developing children. The research method was ex post facto and the instrument was ENRICH Marital Inventory (Olson, et al, 1989). Thirty parents with mentally retarded children and thirty parents with typically developing children were selected randomly in academic year 1381-82 in the city of Birjand. For analyzing the data' t test for independent groups and Multivariate Analysis of Yariance (MANGYA) were applied. The results revealed that: (a) marital satisfaction in parents with mentally retarded children was significantly lower than marital satisfaction in parents with typically developing children; (b) there was no significant differences in marital satisfaction between mothers and fathers with mentally retarded children; (c) there was no significant difference in marital satisfaction between mothers and fathers with mentally retarded children by birth order and sex of children.

The present research aims at detecting the impact of metacognitive training within Cooperative Integrated Reading Composition (CIRC) on slow learning children's comprehension rate. To conduct the research, as many as 40 slow leayning girls were singled out from the slow learning students' school and were randomly divided into the two experimental and control groups, each including 20 members. The instrument of the research included four pieces of comprehension tests, prepared and validated with regard to the age and mental growth of the students in harmony with the contents of the Persian Language and Sciences textbook. Pre-and post tests were given to the two groups. Training sessions were held for the experimental group, for a period of 3 months, 8 hours a week, while the control group underwent their routine study of the Persian Language and sciences. After three months of training, the two groups were given post-tests on reading comprehension and sciences. The findings manifest a significant difference between the pre-and post-test scores within the experimental group. The results of the research prove the effectiveness of (CIRC) participatory learning method. The present study is also indicative of the fact that students can benefit from this methodology and such procedures are fruitful in the improvement of their comprehension.

The aim of this research was to study the predictive power of variables such as extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation and sex in prediction of creativity and its dimensions. Subjects of the study were selected from Shiraz University by stratified sampling and consisted of 280 students (139 girls and 141 boys). Creativity was measured by Abedi Creativity Questionnaire. Extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation were measured by Work Preference Inventory (WPI), college students' version. The data was analyzed by multiple regressions. The results of the study showed that intrinsic motivation significantly predicts creativity (ß=./445, P<./0001) and its dimensions but the relation between extrinsic motivation and creativity was significant only in fluency dimension (ß =./184, P<./004). In addition, the results revealed that there is no significant relationship between variables of sex and creativity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the secondary students' motivation and its related factors. The sample consisted of 2362 students, selected randomly from schools of Shiraz and five other cities of Fars. Academic motivation was measured by the Persian translation of Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) which consisted of three dimensions: intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and unmotivation. Validity and reliability of AMS have been proved for use with Iranian students. According to the findings of this research, Iranian students have above average motivation to ward academic activities. And the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation have equal effects on their motivation. Results from regression analysis of academic motivation on some independent variables showed that the most important predictive factors of students academic motivation are: their perspective of future of the educational course, sex, grade point average (GPA), and education of their parents. These factors have been accounted for twenty percent of the variances of academic motivation.

Educational curriculum has vaster meaning than arranging time of education for certain educational experiences; it comprises important elements such as goals, contents, method, and evaluation. As a result there is a direct relationship between epistemological foundations of education with selection and organization of the content of education. It seems that epistemological foundations of Priority of Being (Esalat-e vojud) leads us to support an integrative curriculum. Sadra's doctrine of graded unity of being (vahdat-e tashkiki-ye vojud), concomitance of knowledge (mosaveghat-e elm) with existence, unity of soul (vahdat-e nafs), trans-substantial motion (harkat-e Jouhary) and his theory of interaction between conceptual and intuitive perception have adequate implications for integrative perspective in education. Meta-curriculum organized around the theme of existence has prepared content for themes, topics and method for science to interact with religion, arts and traditions. Thus it is possible to produce integrative curriculum any where and any time.

The purpose of this study was to obtain the opinions of the graduates of the department of Educational Administration and Planning regarding the quality of the education they had received. The demographic variables included sex and employment. The population included all 225 (165 male, 60 female) graduates from 1994-1998 who had received a B.A. degree. In order to determine quality (importance and effectiveness) of the program, the core and specialized courses were classified in 12 categories. Participants rated each course on a five-point scale.Results showed that counseling skills rated the highest and psychological and administrative skills were rated consecutively lower. Also the results showed a significant difference between men and women in the areas of counseling and psychological skills. In order to examine the effect of graduates' employment type on attitude toward the importance and effectiveness of education they received, one way analysis of variance was used. Results showed that the school administrators score in the field of budgetary knowledge and skill received the highest rating and the difference was statistically significant. The relationship between the importance and effectiveness of the courses offered, was positive and significant for all 12 categories.

The aim of this article is to study the analytical and comparative aspects of the underlying assumptions, objectives, plans and methods of both the present education and education as inquiry. Considering the fact that these two approaches follow profoundly different tendencies, it seems necessary to study their underlying assumptions, philosophical orientations, and the analysis of their functional consequences. Then objectives and educational plans of the two paradigms are compared. The analysis of curriculum based on memory training and developing memory faculty hold a special standing in current education, while education as inquiry emphasizes on developing research tendency and considers the classroom as a community of inquiry. The comparison of the current educational methods which stress the facts, thoughts, and formal discipline with the meta cognitive model which emphasizes the inquiry, reasoning, and translation skills can- have special logical attractions.

This study was carried out to discover the objective of children's literature Based on the assumptions' of the study, this could be done by analyzing works referred to as "children's literature" and by analyzing different psychological, educational and philosophical theories of the concept of "childhood". Focusing on the latter method this study has analyzed the theories and approaches to childhood in psychology, philosophy and philosophy of education. As the findings show "self actualization" could be considered as the objective of children's literature.

The main aim of this article is to see what the educational goals, principles and methods of Zoroaster were. The method of this study is qualitative and in order to answer the research inquiry, articles and books, which are related to the educational thoughts of Zoroaster have been used but the main source of study has been Zoroaster's holy book, Avesta. From Zoroaster's point of view, Ahu, Daena, Baodha, Urvan and Faravaxsya are the five powers of human nature. He believes that approval of Ahura Mazda, bringing up people to love nature' and natural resources are the goals of education. Good deeds, good thoughts and good behavior result from these goals. Zoroaster considers conflict between good and evil, theoretical monotheism, applied dualism, rationalism and free will as the foundations for education. He believes that with love courage, generosity, divestive education, supporting virtue' integrating study and work, and physical and spiritual training, we can achieve educational goals.

The purpose of the present study was the normalization of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) for students in Shiraz according to sex and grade. The participants were 1471 students from different schools of Shiraz. The results showed that girls are significantly more anxious than boys. Also, students in grade 5 were more anxious than students in grade 7 and 8. In this paper, the tables of normalization for students are presented according to sex and grade.

This study attempts to find the relationship between successful aging and life events. Sixty participants were selected from among 200 elders. Half of the subjects were almost successful elders and the rest were unsuccessful elders. The "General Health, Questionnaire" (GHQ-12) of Goldberg and Williams and the "Life Satisfaction Scale" of Dinner and Pawot were used to recognize successful aging. The "Life Events Scale" of Holmes and Rahe and "Life Line Drawing" were also implemented to study the life events. The results did not show any significant difference between the successful and unsuccessful aging subjects and their level of experience. However, unsuccessful elders evaluated their experiences more negatively or felt that the experiences had more negative impacts on their lives. The results also showed that those with successful aging had a more complicated life and expected a brighter and more pleasant life.

This is a retrospective study on the files of 1012 students of medicine who had registered during the years 1365-1369. 74% of these students were male, 26% were female. Different factors such as high school GPA and GPA of their basic sciences, physiopathology and clinical periods, failed semesters, pre-internship and comprehensive exams and grades and graduation were analyzed. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between the students' GPA of high school diploma and the results of their exams at different stages of university education. There was also a significant correlation between the number of failed semesters and the number of times they take part in basic sciences and pre-internship exams.