JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES
Year:2002 | Volume:12 | Issue:42|Papers Count:12

The present study investigates the characteristics associated with personality andfamily backgrounds of guidance school boys in - Jey district Isfahan who tend to call prayers. In this research, the relationship between the degree of three elements namely; confidence, inner sel.fcontrol, senation seeking and the tendency to call prayer was evaluated. The population consisted of all boys of the guidance school in Jey district during the academicyear 2000-2001. Through multi-stage randomization, 140 student were selected from the population, The resrarch methodology is a descriptive survey, and the data have been analyzed according to variance analysis of Z test, T test and Pearson correlation quotient. Thefindings indicate that those students who tend to call prayers have a higher degree of self-confidence and inner self-control but a lesser degree of sensation seeking. 1) Assistant professor of Islamic Azad University "KhorasghanBranch" 2) Master in educationplanning from Islamic Azad University "Khorasghan Branch"

Contemporary Neo-Pragmatism discusses the human beings from the perspectives of Postmodernism, Existansialism and Pragmatism. According to this school of thought there is no certain and distinguishable definition of human being. Man attempts to reconstruct & redefine under any situation himself and such a transformation recurrently happens. Contemporary Neo- Pragmatism concentrates on both individual and collective aspects of human beings. From the individual point, Man is defined as having a liberal ironic personality while from the social point of view, he is considered to be dependent upon a liberal utopian society. like a literary critic a liberal Ironist acts with an artistic and creative sense. He hates any injustice and inefficency in the present human life. He continually criticizes injustice, pain and agony his fellow citizens as well as those stranger ones - are sujJering. In other words, a Liberal Ironist aims at creating a solidarity among people, and opening the way for Liberal Utopian Society; such a society is neither a pre-structured nor overshadowed by a pre-thought system. In fact, Man shapes an Utopian Society byfeeling human sufferage and recurrently criticizing his present social status. Under any circumstance, "Liberal Ironist" represents his identity by Final vocabulary -- the product of his past experiences as well as his new finding of cultural and literary works in the society. Through these method, he tries to recreate his personal aspect, while initiating a new chapter in social unity along with his Fellow Liberal Ironists.

Mathew Lipmans model is one of the important models in teaching critical thinking. It was suggested toward the end of the 1960s and then operatationalized by the institute for the Advancement of Philosophy for children. The purpose of this article is to study and criticize the philosophical foundations & underlying assumptions of Lipman s model. In this regard, the two main Philosophical principles of the model have been analyzed. These principles are contextualism and relativism. It is shown that Lipmans model, due to its emphasis on contextualism, can not preserve generalizability, an important component of critical thinking. Moreover, supporting relativism at the cost of rejecting objectivity has confronted the model with serious limitations. To remove these limitations, this research recommends that: 1) A contextual objectivism should be accepted as the foundation of teaching critical thinking; 2) Critical thinking is not Solely an instruction subject, rather it should be considered as a cognitive attitudinal process whose mainpurpose is tofoster critical spirit.

Patients deliberate concealment from others of the content and Frequency of their obsessions is a common and important aspect of obsessive compulsive disorder (QCD). It is an overlooked manifestation of the safety behaviour that is believed to sustain QCD (e.g., neutralizing, thought suppression, avoidance behaviour, concealment). The phenomenon of concealment is understandable in terms of the cognitive theory of obsessions which states that obsessions are caused when the person attaches catastrophic personal significance to their unwanted intrusive thoughts. It is suggested that the selected, planned, suitable disclosure of obsessions can be therapeutic presumably because it exposes the patient to alternative interpretations of the significance of the unwanted thoughts.

In recent decades, there has been an upsurge of interest in "Needs Assessment", particulary in the curriculum development process. Such a trend could be clearly observed in Iran too. The present paper concerns with an analytical look at the status of "Need Assessment" in curriculum development. The aim is to represent the disagreements on the status and role of "Need Assessment" in curriculum development while concluding a comprehensive view of "Need Assessment" beneficial for curriculum developers. In this regard, the three main processes of Curriculum Need Assessment Approaches (namely; Rational, Intractive and Critical) are defined. The viewpoints of eachprocess would be also discussed.

390 Junior high school students - randomly selected - completed the Self - Efficacy Scale (Sher & al - 1982) and Mathematics Attitude Inventory (Aiken - 1980). The data were analyzed using several statistical procedures including; correlation analysis, t-Test (for two independent groups) and step-wise regression analysis. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between self-efficacy, math attitude and math achievement. Moreover, the result suggest that self - efficacy and math attitude play a major role in math performance.

The Purpose of this article is to explain and assess the constructivism point of view. After discussing the history, principles and various kinds of this view, the following questions have been addressed. What implications does a constructivism view have for teaching and learning? Considering various aims of learning in education system, what is the states of constructivism? What is the most important criticism - about constructivism? The article coneludes that: learning implications of constructivism theory emphasize on presenting students with actual and visualsituations. Learning is basedon problem- solving. Learning based on constructivism can not answer all learning goals of education al system. As constructivisim relies on relativity - oriented approach, it leads to the extreme individualism. The final judgement about the efficiency of constructivism approach however, must await future experiences and efforts.

Ever since curriculum development has been recognized as a specialized skill, techears participation in this process and its relevant decisions have been given a close attention, Of course, the extent of such participation in the field of planning is, different and diverse. Theorizing in curriculum development and determining the role of various elements in decision - making necessitates awareuess of the process and concept of decision - making &a belief in participation as a whole. Believing in the necessity of the participation of teachers in curriculum development is so important that it determines the success or thefailure of a project. This article presents a new pattern in which teacher participation in curriculum designing and implementation plays a main role at school and classroom levels. This is believed to result in increased decision - making ability andfeelings of responsibility.

Information Technology (IT) has dramatically influenced human societies and their relations, and therefore the new century has been called Information Age. Due to the rapid development of information technology devices and their effects on various aspects of life, it is important to design a new educational program for students in schools and universities to familiarize them with its fundamentals and applications. In this paper comparing productive technology and informative technology concepts, the characteristics of new information society have been discussed and a new approach for effective learning using information thechnology has been proposed.

The purpose of this study was to compare the personality and demographic characteristics of adjusted and maladjusted couples, to identify the risk factors and predict the probability of maladjustment through discriminant analysis. In this regard, one group of 40 adjusted couples and one group of 40 maladjusted couples who had referred to the Family Judiciary Assembly were selected to answer the Marital Problems Questionarie (MPQ) and a demographic questionnaire. The correlation coefficient of the husbands, and the wives scores on the MPQ items constituted the adjustment score for a couple. It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences between the two groups with regard to marital problems and demographic characteristics. The results of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that adjusted couples scored significantly higher than did the maladjusted couples on the following variables: motivation for marriage (p = 0.007), sexual adjustment (p = 0.04). adjustment in making decisions (p = 0), husbands education (p = 0), wifes education (p = 0.003) and husbands job (p = 0.05). The result of discriminant analysis showed that the correlations between these variables and group - membership (adjusted or maladjusted)were as follows: Adjustment in decision making (r = 0.583), husbands education (r = 0.58), wifes education (r = 0.46), motivation for marriage (r = 0.425), husbands job (r = .323), and sexual adjustment (r = 0.32). The group membership prediction equation was: y = 0.674 husbedu + 0.16 wifedu + 0.387 husbjob + 0.674 sexadj + 0.904 marrmotive + 1.62 decision - 4.92. If the scores of a couple are put in this equation and the resulting discriminant score (y score) becomes positive, the couple is predicted to be adjusted and if it becomes negative, the couple is predicted to be maladjusted. The probablity of becoming maladjustedfor each couple can also be computed. A discriminant analysis was performed on total adjustment scores and the following equation was obtained for prediction of group membership: y = 4.21 totaladj + 0.55 husbedu + 0.14 wifecu + 0.42 husjob - 5.1. If the scores for each couple are put in to this equation and the resulting discriminant (y) scores were positive, the couple is predicted to be adjusted and if it were negative they arepredicted to be maladjusted.

This article studies the effects of modernism on Islamic societies and their educational system. Modernism has influenced all aspects of Muslims lives in the last two centuries. The identity crisis was one of its outcomes. To encounter modernism - traditionalists have rejected it, whereas new Muslim generations accept it excessively. It is now evident that neither of these two approaches can be suitable. There is lalso a third approach in Islamic world which concerns the integration of Islamic values with positive aspects of the modern civilization. At present, one of the most important functions of educational systems in Islamic societies is to solve the identity problem. To achieve this, our schools should take three measures: a) introduce negative and positive aspects of modernism; b)provid a true and dynamic knowledge about the Islamic heritages and c) supply a suitable Islamic model that satisfies needs of the modern Man. This article, with emphasis on the third approach, studies the general features of educational systems of Islamic societies in modern ages