JOURNAL OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT
Year:2016 | Volume:8 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:13

The new venture valuation is an important issue in the field of venture capital because it determines the ownership percentage of the venture capital in the investee firm. As a result, it is the main challenge in investment negotiations between entrepreneur and potential investors. This study aims to identify and grade factors affecting new ventures valuation by venture capitalists through a descriptive design and qualitative method. The population under this study consists of all venture capital firms. 12 factors were drawn out as the findings of 11 semi-structured interviews with experts of the industry. In the next step, we assessed the influence of each factor on another, by means of interpretive structural modeling (ISM). The factors ‘ academic and proficiency background’ and ‘ professional experience’ were in the upper level (L4), means the most influential, and ‘ bargaining power’ was in the lowst level (L1), means the most dependent. 10 other factors were among other levels.

Finding strategies for gaining superior resources and creating entrepreneurial rent is the main purpose of this research. Here we use resource based view as a lens for finding this type of strategies. For conducting this research, qualitative methods were used and qualitative research questionnaire was formed based on Peteraf model. Finally a total of 8 strategies have been identified and analyzed through interviews with entrepreneurs in selected food industries. These strategies are: Forming Alliances, using Local Potentials, Creative Imitation, Open Innovation, Growth from small-scale, Franchise, Focus Strategy and Entry by acquisition. Findings are expected to improve weak entrepreneurial strategy literature.

One of the essential challenges franchisors encounter is achieving a balance between the opposing activities of standardization (products and services) and adaptation (local preferences). This is called ambidexterity in the literature of organizational studies. While the literature on franchising provides little insight into ambidexterity, this research investigates factors affecting ambidexterity and performance. This research is practical in goal and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. The data was collected using a survey questionnaire, filled with 63 franchisors, and analyzed using the Smartpls2 software. The results indicate that plural model, network portfolio management capability, growth orientation and market diversity positively affect franchisors' ambidexterity. Contrary to our expectations, contract flexibility does not influence ambidexterity in franchisors. The findings also show that ambidexterity holds a positive impact on the firm's performance.

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of industrial structure of clusters on entrepreneurship in business clusters (case study: valuable metals and precious stones of Isfahan's clusters). The relevant population is Isfahan clusters of valuable metals and precious stones. Number of population is over than 300enterprises. According to the formula of sampling structural equation modeling and according to the number of questions in questionnaire, sample size assigned 160 and random sampling method was used for sampling and questionnaires were distributed among the population and 145 questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The Tool of collecting data was questionnaire that was compiled by the researcher content validity; construct validity and reliability were confirmed. Results show that structure of clusters has appositive effect on entrepreneurship in cluster and entrepreneurship in cluster has appositive effect on increase of innovation, knowledge transfer and decrease of Operational and investment costs.

Realization of Development requires formation of its cultural and social contexts. In this process, Media have crucial role in changing attitudes in favor of development. In fact, the success of development programs largely depends on the image that media construct from "entrepreneur's" key role in this process. Actually, with mediation of television, entrepreneurial ideas have a big chance to seen by general public and be a part of public culture and business. This paper aims to picture the image of entrepreneur who represented in TV series. To achieve this goal, all TV series which produced and broadcasted in 24 years after Iran-Iraq imposed war searched and finally four TV series with entrepreneurial story line selected and analyzed by narrative analysis Method and thematic analysis as a technic. Results showed, entrepreneur in these series depicted with characteristics like, risk-taking, self-reliance, imagination, perseverance, accuracy, creativity, self-esteem and academic education. Entrepreneurs try to change attitudes to promote the use local and potential talents. They are able to manage resources. Findings also indicated that the representation of entrepreneurship in TV series is metamorphosed over time. Entrepreneurship moved from very ambitious large-scale ideas to small-scale projects and entrepreneurship field shifted from agriculture to industry. Also, analysis showed that, the early TV series represent a favorable condition for entrepreneurship but recent series focused on barriers to entrepreneurship in Iran.

Entrepreneurial learning is one of the most important focuses of entrepreneurship literature. Since entrepreneurs always have a pragmatic personality, they tend to reflectively learn from their own and others’ experiences. Reflective learning as a cognitive process roots in individuals’ personality characteristics. Therefore, it is important to know which of these personalities’ characteristics positively facilitate entrepreneurs’ reflective learning. Identifying and highlighting these personality traits can, in turn, facilitate designing an effective educational framework for developing entrepreneurs’ reflective learning ability. In order to reach this objective, the current study sought to answer to this question that “ which Characteristics habitual entrepreneurs need to possess in order to learn reflectively? ” . Further to this question, the current study explored the interdependencies amongst those personality traits highlighting the cause-and-effect relationships amongst them. Using semi-structured interviews and Interactive Management (IM) methods, 25 habitual Iranian entrepreneurs were engaged with this research and shared their thoughts and experienced with each other in a highly focused and structured system of collective intelligence brainstorming. The results of the current study indicate that ‘ Positivity’ , ‘ Structured Mindset’ , and ‘ Job engagement’ are the most effective and influential personality traits which positively affect and facilitate reflective learning in entrepreneurs. The practical and theoretical implications of these findings are outlined in the manuscript. Keywords: entrepreneur's reflective learning, characteristics, facilitator characteristics, habitual entrepreneurs.

With the entry of God and spirituality into areas of organization and management, as the challenge of the twenty-first century, managers and leaders of organizations, especially educational institutions must deal with new phenomena. Therefore the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between spirituality leadership and organizational entrepreneurship from view point of staffs in University of Tehran, Iran. The statistical population of the research consisted of all staffs of in the University of Tehran. Using Cochran’ s sampling formula, 268 of them were selected as research sample by using of simple random sampling. The main research instrument was an electronic questionnaire. The content validity of instrument was assessed and the reliability tested by Cronach’ s Alpha. SPSS and LISREL were used for data analyzing. Results showed that there was positive significant relationship among spirituality leadership and organizational entrepreneurship. In other words, the higher level of spiritual leadership, organizational entrepreneurship has been increased. In addition, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that spiritual leadership has positive impact in organizational entrepreneurship. So pay attention to spirituality can be effective in improving organizational entrepreneurship.

The current study aims to examine and identify competency dimensions, factors and Indices for managers of science and technology parks of Iranian public University in order to present of a conceptual model. The targeted population consisted of two parts including experts in the field and managers and experts in science and technology parks. For this purpose, exploratory method was used and data were gathered through quantitative and qualitative approach. Dimensions, factors, and indices were specified by studying literature review and theoretical foundations. Results showed that: Managers Competencies was found to include three dimensions including General Competencies, Interpersonal competencies and Professional competencies. General Competencies dimension consisted of tow factors: Creativity and innovation and Perceptual. Interpersonal competencies dimension consisted of three factors: Leadership, team work and Network. Professional competencies dimension consisted of four factors: Performance Management, Technology Management, Financial Management and Marketing Management.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of organizational ambidexterity on strategic entrepreneurship in software companies. Therefore we examined the ambidexterity with two dimensions i. e. exploration and exploitation as an independent variable and strategic entrepreneurship with four dimensions i. e. entrepreneurial mindset, innovation, managing resources strategically and competitive advantage as the dependent variable. The research methodology is based on structural equation modeling. We use a questionnaire with 22 questions that 97 firms answered it. To measure the validity and reliability we used convergent and divergent validity and Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability respectively. Data analysis has performed by using SmartPLS3. The results show that ambidexterity has a positive and significant effect on strategic entrepreneurship. So we can conclude focus on improving ambidexterity can lead to development and promotion of strategic entrepreneurship.