Year:2001 | Volume:14 | Issue:1 (50 IN ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES)|Papers Count:24

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of the important factors in shrimp culture. In this survey measuring dissolved oxygen (DO) of water in shrimp rearing ponds of farms in Tlab area (Hormozgan province) in one cycle of shirmp Penaeus indicus culture. Three pond from three farms Zarabzy, Work office, Mah Kish selected for measuring dissolved oxygen (DO) that was done twice daily (morning and evening) both surface and deep of water by oxygen meter and datas was recorded. Results showes that DO in evening time suitable for growth of shrimp but in morning time unsuitable oxygen levels especially for work office because absent areator in ponds. Application of areatores in Mah Kish better than Zarabzy becaus to be long-arm areator in compare with short-arm areator in Zarabzy. ANOVA test provided significant difference between morning and evening dates in ponds.

This survey was done between september 1994 and August 1995 on 2969 animals includes: 904 cattle’s, 1686 sheep and 379 goats, in Ghom area. 1211 ticks from ixodidae family were identified. The most abundant species was Rhipicephalus bursa with 44.97 percent and the second was Hyalomma excavatum with 34.43 percent and then H. detritum (19.48). Haemaphysalispunctata was found only in autumn on sheep. The minimum percent was about H. punctata (1.4).H. excavatum was identifiedas abundant species in cattle but in sheep and goats the abundant tick was Rh. bursa (except autumn). The maximum percentage of infestation in animals occurred in spring.

Blood sample were collected from 260 1.5 fingerling (3-5gr) sturgeons (Acipenser persists IS and A. stellatus). The fish were apperantly healty) and captured from fish farms of Gilan province (Sangar dam) during summer. In blood smears the mature erythrocyte were oval with and abundant pale pink cytoplasm and acentrally positioned oval nucles. A slight number of 1.5 immature erythrocytes (Polychromatocytes) were observed. These cell appeared more rounded, I and have slightly basophilic cytoplasm. The total, RBC were (A. persicus, A. stellatus) 0.881x106±0.02, 0.861x106±0.03 per mm3, respectively and hematocrit 30.00±0.70, 28.88±0.64 percent, and hemoglobin 6.73±0.15, 6.66±0.14 gr/dl respectively. The total WBC were (A. Persicus, A. stellatus) 4284.28±172. 18  4140.00±185. 10 per mm3 and heterophil, 41.60±2.26, 40.62±1.42 percent and Lymphocyte, 45.82±1.71, 44.77±1.28 percent and, monocyte, 0.342±0.12, 0514±0.15 percent and, eosinophil, 12.20±1.31, 12. 65±0.97 percent and, band cell 0.742±0.20, 0.971±0.26 percent and  meta myelocyte, 0.342±0.15, 0.285±12 percent respectively. 

Abundance, biomass and diversity of macrobenthos were assessed in Baho-kalat estuary. This estuary is located on the south-east of Iran and Coasts of Oman sea Sampling were carried out by Ekman grab at 8 stations during 4 seasons starting from Autumn 1996 to Summer 1997. As a result of this study, 11 groups of macrofauna were recognized, counted and weighed. The majority of macrofauna belonged to Bivalvia (42%) and polychaeta (26%). Dominant family of bivalvia was veneridae and that of polychaeta was cossuridae. Biomass (wet weight) of macrofauna was ranged from 0.254 g/m2 (in spring) to 715.82 g/m2 (in autumn). Abundance of macrofauna showed significant difference in winter and autumn (post monsoon) with summer (monsoon) and spring (premonsoon). There was also significant difference between station 3 and other stations. Maximum rate of diversity was in winter seasons (station 3) and minimum rate was in winter and spring (station 1 which is located in entrance of estuary). It seems, the variations and fluctuations of macro benthos community in Baho-kalat estuary were mainly due to the effect of monsoon's streams and the impact of localized biotic and biotic factors.

This study was carried out during 1998-1999, to determine the effects of climate, sex and species of small ruminants on the rate of infection with the lung worm C. ocreatus in Tabriz city. Totally, 4400 fecal sample were tested and first stage larvae of C. ocreatus were observed Statistical results revealed that the rate of seasonal prevalence of worm infection during the Autumn was higher (d<0.05). The rate of the seasonal prevalence is as follows: Spring 36%, Summer 17%, Autumn 67/2% and Winter 55.8%. There was a significant difference between the influence of sex and species of animals on the rate of infection, so that, the rate of infection in males (73.6%) is more than females (55.6%) and in goats (85.3%) is more than sheep (61.6%).

In a survey conducted on 37 eel (19 female and 18 .9 male) taken from Parishan lake (Kazeroon, Iran), L infestation of 37.8% with the nematode Anguillicola crassus in swim bladder was observed. Female and male eels showed 41 and 34.6% infestation respectively. Swim bladder wall was thickened in infested fish. In this paper the importance of the nematode A. crassus in eels is discussed.

To investigate the effects of NH4Cl, KCl and HCO3 as electrolytes solution in drinking water during growing and finishing periods commercial broilers, one experiment carried out in cyclic chronic heat stress in summer of Qom (22.5°c to 36°c) by completely randomized design with seven treatments and three replicates (21 plot) in which 20 chicks were reared on the litter. In is experiment commercial broilers (male and female) in first 21 days of rearing , periods were accomplished as a whole, and at the end of starter period, chicks were allocated and transferred to experiment talents. Ration of experimental groups were completely similar, but experimental treatments were as follows: Control group was drinking water without any chemicals, treatments No. 2 and 3 drinking water contained 0.3% and 0.6% NaHCO3 respectively, treatments No. 4 and 5 drinking water contained 0.15% and 0.3% KCl respectively, and treatments No. 6 and 7 drinking water contained 0.2% and 0.4% NH4Cl respectively. Criteria measured included daily gain, feed and water consumption, feed conversion ratio and mortality. Results showed that no beneficial effects after adding above chemicals to drinking water of broiler under cyclic chronic heat stress in summer of Qom. Even adding 0.4% NH4Cl to drinking water of broilers showed harmful effects.

Wound contamination and infection that could be caused by distant endogenous infective foci is one of the complications in surgical wound healing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a remote inoculated infective source on the process of surgical wounds healing, histopathologically. Thirty white New - Zealand rabbits of both sexes weighing about 1.8 kg divided randomly into six equal groups (three of them treated and others as control). In treated groups 24 hours before surgical intervention Staph. aurous (8 x 108 CFU/ ml dilution) was injected subcutaneously in right thigh at the dose rate of 5ml/kg b.w. In both reated and control groups after routine 3Urgical preparation, skin and left orgasms dorsi muscle were incised (3 cm/kg/b.w.) and sutured, immediately Vital signs were assessed before and after operation. Wound tissue specimens were obtained at 24, 43 and 72 hours post - operation from all the animals according to their groups and prepared for histopathological examinations. Clinical assessment showed that in treated groups there were a statistically significant increase in rectal temperature 24 hours after inoculation of Staph aureus(P<0.05). The results of the inflammatory and infective patterns drive from histopathological examinations in treated and control groups were 60% versus 40%, 80% versus 40%, and 80%versus 20%in 24, 48 and 72 hours interval, respectively. In the other words, the histopathological findings revealed obvious wound contamination in the treated group by the rate of 73.3% in contrast to 33.3% for the control group. In this study the presence of considerable histological changes in wounds of treated animals in comparison with control groups, suggested that microorganisms lodged in any part of body other than wound region could affect it, and interfere with its healing process.

Ecological effects of milkfish on shrimp ponds were surveyed in Tiab area (Hormozgan province) two treatments of biculture system (P. indicus and Chanos chanos) and mono culture system (P. indicus) were compared. Physicochemical and Biological factors such as temperature, salinity, disolved oxygen, pH, total organic matter (T.O.M), Plankton and growth of shrimps were measured in 6 ponds (0.5 ha) every ten days. Temperature, oxygen and pH were measured twice per day (6 a.m and 16 p.m). Results showed that there is significant difference between temperatures, oxygen and pH in the morning and afternoon in both treatments, oxygen dissolved also were higher in treatment No 1 in the morning. Total organic matter (T.O.M) in the end of culturing period was less in sediments of treatment No. 1 and differences were significant (P<0.5). Mean weight of shrimps in bicultural system was higher than mono culture system and there was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.5). Milkfish nutriment of attached alge, detritus and unused shrimp's foods, effects on total organic matter reduction and improvement of ponds environmental conditions and cause increasing of shrimp's growth and ponds production.

In the present work, 1120 freshwater fishes including 750 from Zarinehrood river and 370 0 from Miandoab fish culture pools in west Azarbaijan were collected and examined for presence of acanthocephala during two years (1996 -1997). The results indicate Dendronucleata dogieli recovered from 41.75% and 11.25% of Capoeta capoeta and dace (Leuciscus leuciscus) which lived in Zarineh rood river respectively. However the parasite was not recovered from common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and big head carp (Hypophtalmich molitrix) which cultured in the pools. This is the first report of isolation of D. dogieli from Iranian freshwater fish.

This study was carried out to determine the external parasite infestation in aviary birds. Total number of 908 birds were subjected to this study they were consisted of pigeon (213), canary (430), Jovebird(171). Finch (78), parrot(5). Goldfinch (5). Ouzel ( 1) and partridge(5). The results indicated positive infestation of Columbicula columbae in 72 pigeon and Cnemidocoptes pilae infestation was observed in 40 canary, 1 finch and 2 goldfinch. Duringthis study samples were collected from 13 bird shop in which 6 of these shops were contaminated with Dermanyssus, 9 with Argas and 4 with Pseudolynchia.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of multivitamin on some traits of the silkworm (Bombyx mori L.). Enriched mulberry leaves with multivitamin (Multi), multivitamin amino acid (Multi+) and distilled water (DW) were fed to the forth and fifth instars larvae. The fresh mulberry leaves were dipped for 15 minutes in each solution and dried in shadow. Experimental groups were one, two and three times of the three feeding times and were substituted with treated leaves. Also control group was fed three times per day with the normal leaves. The fourth instar larvae were grouped into ten groups and each group consist of 100 worms. In all of the experimental groups ,larval weight (L.W.), cocoon weight (C.W.), cocoon shell weight (SW.) and pupal weight (PW.) has significantly increased as compared with that of control group. The L.W., C.W., S.W., P.W. and cocoon shell percentage (C.S.P.) were found to be highest for 3rd group of DW. (When fed three time per day with D.W. treated leaves). The difference between cocoon shell percentages of the male groups was not significant, but in female the difference C.S.P. between all groups of D.W. and 3rd group of Multi + with 1st group of Multi (when fed once per day with Multi treated leaves) was significant. Egg Production was significantly increased when Multi+ was fed twice and three times per day.

An experiment was conducted to compare economic traits in three hybrid broilers using factorial (hybrid x sex) method in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. There were 30 and 26 observations (chicken) per replication for females and males respectively. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, viability, were measured for starting (1-21 d), growing (1-42d), and finishing (1-49d) periods. Production efficiency factor (PEF) and carcass characters were measured in the end of 7th week. Average body weight and feed intake were significantly (P<0.01) different among hybrids and sexes in all three periods, but hybrid x sex interaction had no significant effect on these traits. Feed conversion and viability were the same for different hybrids and sexes in starting period, but showed significant difference in growing and finishing periods, carcass traits were the same for different hybrids and sexes, except for brisket to body weight ratio (P<0.01). Production efficiency factor did not significantly changed among hybrids and sexes, and the calculated values for this factor were 175.29, 173.31, and 164.24 in Arian, Ross, and Lohmann hybrids respectively.

Records on 550 Holstein cows classified for 28 linear type traits were analysed by method of least squares to determine the effects of herds, month, age and stage of lactation at classification on variability of these traits. Phenotypic and genetic correlations among type traits were estimated from paternal half-sister analyses of 30 sires. Herd, month and age at classification were important sources of variation for most of the traits. Phenotypic correlations among type traits were in the range of -0.23 (between udder depth and rear udder width) to 0.89 (between strength and body capacity). Genetic correlations wherein the range of 0.75 (between fore udder attachment and udder support) to 0.98 (between dairy character and final score). Phenotypic correlations were generally smaller than genetic correlations. High genetic correlations among most of the type traits and final score, suggest the continued selection on the latter is an effective means for improving of the first. 

The data used in this study were collected from Kordy sheep breed research station, located in north of Khorasan province. The derivative free restricted maximum likelihood procedure was used from model 8 of DFREML 1997 univariate soft ware to evaluate the mathernal effects. Maternal heritability of traits including birth weight, sucking weight, 6, 9, and 12 months weight and preweaning, post weaning, 6-12 months weights, birth to yearling, average daily gain were evaluated as follows: 0.11, 0.05, 0.01, 0.08,0.01, 0.005, 0.0001, 0.003, respectively and directed heritability of these traits using univariate animal model were: 0.18, 0.06,0.29±0.06, 0.22, 0.31, 0.35, 0.05±0.02, 0.28±0.1,0.37±0.11, respectively. Sex effects, age of mother, birth type, year of birth, insemination method and management for all the traits were significant (P<0.05).

Trachyspermum copticum (L.) Link. is known as a medicinal plant especially in the province of Fars. The fruit (seed) of this plant is cailed Zenian but is often mistaken with the fruits of Ammi majus L. and Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. In this research, the fruits of the three above species were studied and compared both morphologically and anatomically. We also compared the antimicrobial activity of the metabolic extracts of the fruits against nine bacterial isolats (4 ATCC laboratory standards and, 5 clinical isolatests). The results showed morphological and anatomical differences in size, mericarp shape and internal structures. All three fruit extracts showed antimicrobial activity when tested against the bacterial isolates. Howerer, the antimicrobial activity of T. copticum was stronger compared with Ammi majus and Ammi visnaga showing its high medicinal value.

A 20 days old lamb with coma, tonic and clonic convulsions and nystagmus introduced 24 hours after the sudden onset of the syndrome to the clinic of the faculty. The syndrome totally recovered after 48 hours by injecting thiamin for six times with three hours intervals. Respecting history, the clinical findings of the diseased animal and the excellent monopharmacy response, the disease would be probably due to thiamin insufficiency of the lamb.

An investigation was conducted to compare the productive performance of three commercial broiler hybrids in Iran (Lohmann, Ross and Arian).The experiment were carried out in completely randomized design with three hybrids and two sex (3*2) with four replications of 30 chicks per each group. The experimental period was 56 days with the same condition for all groups. Daily body weight gain,feed conversion ratio, percentage of mortality at the starter, grower and finisher stages and during 1 up to 7 and 1 up to 8 weeks old, average live weight and carcass percent in the end of weeks 7 and 8 were analyzed by and the following results were obtained. There was a significant difference between hybrids in daily bodyweight gain at the starter, grower and finisher stages (P< 0.05). However, this does not apply to 1 up to 7 and 1 up to 8 weeks old. There was a significant difference between hybrids in average live weight at 42 days old (P<0.01). But had not at 49 and 56 days Hybrids dose not showed significant difference in feed conversion ratio, except for the starter stage of growth (P <0.01). There was a significant difference between hybrids in percentage of mortality at the stage of trial except for during of the grower (P<0.01). The hybrids showed no significant difference in average carcass weight at the end of weeks 7 and 8 and percentage of carcass to live weight at week 8, but there was a significant difference between hybrids in carcass percent to live weight at week 7. In the study of traits in review the effect of sex, in most cases, males had a higher performance than females with a significant difference.

Organ chlorine and organ phosphorus compounds are the most important of environmental pollutants. Organ chlorine compounds are more stable than organ phosphorus compounds in water and temperature relatively. The environmental effects of organ chlorine and organ phosphorus compounds are clear for all people. Some of them are destructive and fatal so that, their production, uses, storage, development and destruction are under control of international organizations such as UN and EPA. Many techniques are suggested for extraction of organ chlorine and organ phosphorus compounds in water. In this research work, the liquid – liquid extraction (LLE) and liquid – liquid micro extraction were used for extraction of organ chlorine and organ phosphorus compounds. GC/MS-Ion trap system with two ionization sources (El and Cl) was used for separation and identification of mentioned compounds. Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) technique was used for more confirmation too. Three locations in the Anzali lagoon water were selected for sampling and after chemical treatments and analysis many organ chlorine and organ phosphorus compounds were detected and identified by ion trap system.

Four new species of shrimp was collected during a cruise of R.V. Tajalipour in 5-8 Oct 1996. These species caught with bottom trawl fishing method in 12 station. These are belong to 3 family and their name are: Parapenaeopsis coromandelica (Penaeidae) Exhippolismata ensirostris (Hippolytidae) Nematopalaemon tenuipes (Palaemonidae) Exopalaemon styliferus (Palaemonidae) Their major geographical distribution and fishing important within the FAO fishing area 51 is India, Srilanka & south of Pakistan. These species not reported previously in Oman sea and Iran and this paper is the first report of their in I.R. Iran.

To determine the prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus among the carnivores in Bushehr province during the period of March 1995 to December 1996, 34 stray dogs, 36 jackals (Canis aureus) and 33 foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were examined. Gross and microscopical examinations of the scraping of the mucosa as well as the intestinal content of the carnivores were conducted. Echinococcus granulosus was found in 11 (32.35%) of the stray dogs and no parasite was found in the others. The liver and lung of 34850 sheep, 25686 goats and 7304 cattle slaughtered at 14 abattoires in the province were also examined for hydatid cyst. The cysts were found in 894 (2.56%), 444 (1.72%) and 152 (2.08%) of the liver of the sheep, goats and cattle respectively, while the lungs of the animals showed higher rate of infection. In this regards 1101 (3.16%) of sheep, 780(3.03%) of goats and 228 (3.12%) of the cattle lungs were found infected with hydatid cyst.