Year:2001 | Volume:14 | Issue:2 (51 IN ANIMAL SCIENCES)|Papers Count:33

Concentration of plasma glucose and cholesterol as well as serum progesterone were determined at time of artificial insemination (AI) and 7 days later in 43 mixed age cows from 'two farms. These parameters were compared in terms of fertility (pregnant and non pregnant), milk production, parity, reproductive treatments and interval from calving to first AI. There was a very highly significant effect of farm of origin upon both cholesterol levels and mean milk production. There were no significant differences in mean concentrations of glucose and cholesterol at AI and 7 days later between pregnant and non - pregnant cows. Mean milk production was non significantly lower in pregnant than non pregnant cows. Mean milk production was lower (p<0.01) and milk production (p<0.0001) at AI was different among age classes. Progesterone concentration at oestrus was higher (p<0.04) in animals which conceived than in those that did not. In conclusion, no evidence of any relationship between plasma glucose and cholesterol concentration and fertility was found in this study. However, peripheral plasma progesterone concentration at AI was related to conception. In addition level of milk production, parity and age influenced cholesterol concentration.

Recently Aspergillus niger is the major source for gluconic acid and glucose oxidase production on large scale. Glucose oxidase may be used in industrial, agricultural and nutritional manner. It can be applied for the deletion of oxygen from the nutritional products, especially in conserves, in ligninolytic system for wood degredation, and for the fruits storage for a long time in refrigerator. From 17 wild and 2 standard strain of A.n. NRRL-3 was selected by nonspecific and specific colony staining method. Then the best strain in this step was cultured in liquid medium. The recent medium was contained glucose and calcium carbonate as main nutrients. In this medium it has been changed the concentration speed of shaking, temperature and pH. It has been concluded that the most important factor for glucose oxidase production is the concentration of glucose and calcium carbonate.After optimization other culture medium variables, finally NRRL-3 strain produced 2.2 IU/ml glucose oxidase in condition culture medium.

Consideration of evenness indices (E1-E5) in the communities of polychaetes of Bihad. Doragh, Ghazaleh and Ghanam creeks (some embranchments of Mousa creek, Southwest of Iran) for a period of one year (Aug 1996-July 1997) has indicated the minimum value of the these indices in Gazaleh (E1=0.41, E2=0, 15, E3=0, 11, E4=0, 52 & E5=0, 35) and maximum (except E1) in Doragh (E2=0, 5, E3=0, 49, E4=0, 73 & E5=0.72), Maximum of E1 has observed in Bihad (E1=0.42), Because of nearness between N1 and N2 in Bihad and Doragh, their E1-E5 values were very similar together, By the reason of pollution, Gazaleh had very low dominance (N1=3, 7 & N2= 1, 93) and evenness and high diminace s.E1-E3 indices are very sensitive to the spices richness and E4 have a reverse relationship with individuals density, E5 a pproaches zero as a single species become dominant.

Analysis of 2732 reproduction records in a baluchi flock in Yazd province revealed 60% apparent fertility (EP/EJ) and 40% weaning rate (LW/EJ). There was no incidence of twinning. Records of 1018 lambs on birth weight, weaning weight, average daily gain to weaning and kleiber ratio were analysed by least square method for environmental effects, heritability estimates and phenotypic and genetic correlations. The effect of year and age of dam were significant on all traits (p<0.01) with the exception of the dam age on birth weight. Lambs born from 5 years old ewes had the highest weaning weight (27.20 kg), average daily gain to weaning (214.24 g), and kleiber ratio (17.85 g/kg).Baluchi male lambs had significantly (p<0.01) higher birth and weaning weight, average daily gain to weaning, and rate of kleiber ration than female lambs.Heritability for birth weight, weaning weight, average daily gain to weaning, and kleiber ratio were estimated 0.08 (0.06), 0.15 (0.07), 0.15 (0.07) and 0.08 (0.06) respectively. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between birth weight and average daily gain to weaning, birth weight and weaning weight, birth weight and kleieber ratio, average daily gain to weaning and weaning weight, average daily gain to weaning and kleiber ratio and weaning weight and kleiber ratio were 0.06 and 0.11 (0.42), 0.16 and 0.18 (0.24), 0.13 and 0.14 (0.57), 0.99 and 0.99 (0.002), 0.91 and 1.00).0.88 and 0.10 (0.79) respectively.

Bagasse is one of the marginal sugarcane by-products whose annual production in Iran is about 500000 metric tones. By Considering feedstuff shortage in Iran, and in order to utilize of this by-products in nutrition of fattening bulls an experiment with attention the following goals has been conducted. A: Determination of apparent digestibility, energy and other nutrients of molasses and urea-treated bagasse. B: Evaluation of urea-treated bagasse used in nutrition of fattening young-bulls as roughage. C: Determining of urea-treated bagasse on blood metabolites and estimating body composition with urea dilution technique. In the first trial two holstein male calves (400kg, BW) were used to apparent digestibility of bagasse during 21 days. Apparent digestibility and digestible energy in two methods of total fecal collection and acid insoluble ash were 55.2±1.08%, 2.15 Mcal/kg, 58.46±1.21%, 2.3. Mcal/kg respectively. In the second stage of the experiment 18 holstein males calvse including 30% alfalfa hay, 15% alfalfa plus 14% bagasse and 28% bagasse, are used for comparison.This period of trial took 128 days and calves were fed as TMR. Daily body weight gain were 1.256, 1.197, 1.19 kg/d for diets 1-3 respectively, that showes significant difference between diet 1 and diets 2, 3 (p<0.05). Mean dry matter intake and mean conversion coefficient were 6.8kg/d 5.43; 7 kg/d; 7.25, 6.14 for diets 1-3 respectively. Data analysis variance of present experiment showes that there is not significant difference among diets body composition, urea space percent, body water and fact percent equal: 31, 42, 31.22, 30.02; 52.33, 51.28, 51.8; 32.77, 30.07, 29.03; in diets 1-3 respectively.Finaly blood metabolites (Glucose -Albumin- Glubolin- Total protein- BUN-Urea) were not different significantly by different diets.

Food in view of planning and economic development is one of the main factors of society health. Food has a basic role in providing economic security in countries.Broiler production is one of the main sources of the food in Iran. This study concerns economic efficiency and productivity of broiler industry in 'Savojbolagh' township. Information of this study has been obtained by questionnaire by stratified random sampling from the active broiler farms through product function method (Cobb-Douglas) and marginal analysis. The results indicate that labor and day-old chick used in broiler farms are less than optimum, but average feed intake per chicks are moved to the optimum level. Also all the farm units use fuel outside the economic region. Regarding unit sizes, increment in using labor, day-old chichs and hygienic costs in large scale farms (containing more than 10000 chicks) and decrease in feed intake, fuel consumption and hygienic costs in small scale units (less than 10000 chicks) will help improve the economic efficiency. Comparing broiler farms capacity, indicates that the use of technology education and extension in large broiler farms is the best.Also total productivity factors of the large units is more than small units. The observed unfavorableness is due to inaccessibility of broiler farms manager, to the organized markets in output and input factors market (competitive market).

To study the factors that affect monthly and cummulative milk production, ten years records of a holstein dairy herd were used. Average daily milk production in ail records was 18.35±7.71 in monthly records, year of calving was highly significant except in 10th month (p<0.01). In first month of lactation about ten percent of phenotypic variation was due to year of calving and this amount decreased to one percent at the latest month of lactation. The effect of season of calving in all monthly records except 2nd and 10th month of lactation was highly significant (p<0.01). The effect of calving season from first to 7th month of production increased and after that decreased. The effect of age of cow at calving was significant until 7th month of production (p<0.01), and showed a descending trend from first to the end of a lactation. Linear regression of monthly production from days open was significant only in 9th and 10th month of lactation (p<0.05). In all of the cummulative records the effect of year of calving was significant and the maximum effect was on cummulative records of 90 to 150 days. The effect of season of calving on all of the cummulative records was significant (p<0.05) and its influence increased to 240 days cummulative records and after that decreased. The effect of age of cow at calving was significant in all cummulative records (p<0.0) and its effect decreased during a lactation from start to end. Days open was significant only in 305 days milk production (p<0.05). The heritability of 305 days milk production was calculated by three method (Half sib correlation, MUVQUE and REML estimation of variance component) and was 0.257±0.127, 0.312 and 0.266 respectively. Repeatability of 30S days milk production was 0.325±0.047. Key words: Genetic parameters, Heritability.

1-Four experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of wetting food on performances of male broiler chickens. For every treatments used in this study there were 4 replicates, with 7 birds in each replicate. The duration of experimental periods were from to 7 weeks of age. 2- In experiment 1 birds were given ad-libitum feeding of the wet of the wet food significantly increased food intake and body weight gain and dry matter approximate digest ability (p<0.05) compares to C. Wetting of food increased weight of most part of digestive organs but had no significant effect on percentage of body composition (p<0.05).3- In experiment 2, 3 groups of male broiler chickens were given different dietary treatment consisting of a dry food (C), wet food (WET) and restricted access to the same daily amount of C dry matter intake but in wet form (Pair-fed).Ad-libitum feeding of the wet food (W) significantly increased food intake and body weight as compared with dry feeding (C), while body weight gain of birds with restricted feeding of food (pf) were intermediate, is more than C but less than CW. 4- Male broilers were given food either in dry form (C), wet form with (W) and without access to water (CO) in experiment 3. Although food intake and growth were equally stimulated by wetting food, upholding access to water (WO) had more pronounce effect on broilers performance.5- Experiment 4 was designed to assess/study the concurrent effect of diet dilution and wetting food on broiler performance. Both control (C) and wet (W) diets were mixed with halls (Cd and Wd respectively). In this factorial base design experiment while feed dilution caused significant reduction on performance, wet diluted (Cd) food gave better growth even than C.6- Providing food with sufficient water to give a porridge-like consistency significantly increased weight gains and improved food conversion efficiency. The better performance (growth) of wet fed birds could be attributed to direct effect that wet food has on digestability and inturn on growth rather than simply increase in food intake.

A rifampin-penicillin resistant mutant of Brucella abortus was derived by repeated passage of smooth strain 2308 on specific brucella agar medium with varying concentrations rifampin and pencillin, and designated RB51. This strain is rough and its colonies absorbed crystal violet and auto agglutinated with acriflavine, No o - Chain component was detected in lipopolysaccharide of RB51 and therefore, it doesn't induce humoral antibodies in animals injection. Biochemically RB51 resembles parental strain 2308 in its ability to utilize erythritol. Subcutaneously inoculation of RB51 into BALB/C mice and guinea-pigs results in a splenic colonization which is cleared within 3 and 4 weeks post infection respectively.Also, interaperitoneal inoculation of RB51 into mice results in splenic colonization that is cleared after 3 weeks. RB51 is a stable strain and doesn't revert to smooth phase upon passage in vitro and in vivo. The proteins antigenic structure of RB51 resembles to smooth strains. Immunization of BALB/c mice with 2x108 and guinea - pigs with 2x109 viable organisms confers significant protection against challenge with virulent Brucella abortus strain 544.

Penaus indicus is the dominant species of shrimps in Jask coastal water, the sea of Oman. This study was conducted on population dynamics of the species from 1998 to 2000. It was determined that total length and carapace length had stronger relationship in females compare to male. It was shown that ratio of total length to carapace length were less than 3.5 and more than 3.5 for females and males respectively.The coefficient of determination of body weight on body length was higher in females.The isometric growth was shown by W=5.7 x 10-6 TL306 which proved to be much better than w=3.322 x1 0-3 CL2.57 Based on the cohort analysis, it was shown that for female; CL=50mm and k=1.8y-1 and for male; CL,=42.5mm and K=2y-1. The maximum longevity for female and male were 20 months and 18 months respectively. By 6 months of age, carapace length were 31.3 mm for females and 27.9 mm for males. It was found that Z and exploitation rate were higher in females.

The effects of different concentrations of ACA (in ratios of 1: 1: 8 and 1: 1: 4) and AES (in ratio of 4: 6: 1) were studied in common carp, grass carp and silver carp. LC sub (5) (minimum lethal concentration) value of AES in time period of 10 min and water temperature of 22\ for common carp, grass carp and silver carp fry in average weight of 4 g were 10 mill. The dosage of LC sub (5) value of ACA (1: 1: 4 and 1: 1: 8) was evaluated and the results showed lesser doses of this anesthetic. Also it was known that ACA is caused high haeomorrhag and convulsion comparing with AES.The t sub (5) value (the time in the course of which 5% die using the recommended dose of 1 mill ACA and water temperature of 22oc).for common carp was 75 min. It was determined also for the two chinese carp. t sub (5) with AES for every species was evaluated too. For brood stocks the times of induction and recovery with ACA and AES were measured and the results showed that AES is a better anesthetic. Primary and secondary stress effects of these two anesthetic also were characterized by measuring the levels of cortisol and glucose. The experiments showed the increase of these two factors significantly after treatment. There was no difference between ACA and AES in this respect.

In the present study, the status of fleece copper, seromic ceruloplasmin and PCV in the 252 Urmian sheep were evaluated. Forty three percent of the fleece copper concentrations and 12.2 percent of the serumic ceruloplasmin titers evaluated lower than normal. whereas the PCV of the animals were observed in the normal range.There were significantly lower values of the fleece copper in the sheep of the west south of Urmia than the other regions (p<0.05). Also, the sheep of this region had a significantly lower copper fleece than the other regions in the autumn and winter seasons (p<0.05). Consequently, the results would emphasize the existance of a subclinical copper deficiency in the Urmia sheep under this study.

In order to determine the relationship between sex steroids and the quality of artificial propagation of Persian sturgeon, blood samples were obtained from ripped females, with proper germinal vesicle position (G.v.), before pituitary gland suspension injection. The level of the sex steroids including: Testosterone (T); 17 b- estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were determined and propagation qualities including: fertilization rate survival rate of incubation and larval stages, were recorded during development of eggs and larval stages. Females based on the fertilization rate were divided in two groups and higher than 50% fertilization rate named as first and lower than 50% as second group. The levels of T and E2 were significantly higher in first group than the second group of females (p<0.01). Changes in T and E2 levels were correlated with the fertilization rate but there was no significant difference and correlation between p levels and fertilization rate. Germinal vesicle break down (GVBD) were happened completely in the first group and incompletely in the second group of females (p<.001) Survival rate of incubation stage and first larval stage (yolk absorption stage) were significantly higher in the first group than higher than second group respectively (p<0.001, p<0.05) but there were no differences in the second larval stage (exogenous feeding stage p>0.05).

A total of 3876Panulirus homarus specimens of commercial catch at 1999, were collected from Bris-Pasabandar, Ramin-Chabahar, Konarak, Puzm and west of Puzm (Kalat, Galak, Tang and Darak) in Sistan-o- Balouchestan province. Specimens were studied from the viewpoint of unauthorized fishing (carapace length, 70 mm or egg-bearing females) and length frequencies of the lobsters at different sites. Carapace length, sex, and the absence or presence of eggs in females and fishing method of 20-100 specimens from each site were recorded every other day of lobster fishing season.Samples collected from Bris-Pasabandar had the minimum range (44-107 mm) and mean (72.49±8.98mm) of carapace length. The maximum range (56-116mm) and mean (86.48±9.15mm) were observedin P. homarus samples from west of Puzim. Greater catches of minimum size limit samples and ovigerous females were observed in Bris-Pasabandar and Konarak, and the least catches at west of Puzim and Ramin-Chabahar respectively. Eggs were removed in most of ovigerous females especially in Konarak and Bris-Pasabandar regions. In Ramin-Chabahar, up to 52% of spiny lobsters were caught by net. Total catch of the spiny lobster was approximately 26.3% more than permitted catch.

The most widely used inactivant for the preparation of foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccine has been formaldehyde, although the inactivation kinetics with this agent seem too complex for predicting the degree of inactivation (Graves, 1963, Wesslen and Dinter, 1966). The inactivation of FMDV by azirdines derivatives has received increased attention, because they ae derivatives of aziridine are good inactivants for FM DV as they inactivate according to first order kinetics.However they are highly toxic and this makes their application in vaccine production procedures potentially dangerous. The application of these agents in the form of binary would greatly reduce the danger of handling the inactivant (Bahneman, 1975).In this project we have used 2-bromo ethyl en amine hydrobromid (BEA). that it change to binary bromo ethylenimine (BEl) with alkaline media (NaOH).The rates of inactivation for foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) type 0 and A grown in BHK21, Suspention and monolayer cell culture system were determind whit 0.01 M and 0.001 M of BEl. In another test rates of inactivation determined with different temperature and different pH. It is observed that in case of different pH values and also type of FMD viruses there was no significant change. The most suitable concentration of BEl was 0.01 M in 256 (inactivant) used.

In order to investigate the effects of wheat stubble treated by Pleurotus sajor-cajo (PSC) edible fungi on fry matter (OM) digestibility, feed intake and animal performance, 36 of Moghani male lambs with 39±3.01 kg initial Live weight at the age of 250±15 days were used in this experiment. The experimentel design was complete randomized blocks with three rations, three replications and four, animal units. The lambs were fed with three isocaleric and isonitrogenous rations containing wheat stubble (UWSR), mycelium POC treated wheat stubble (MWSR) and PSC harvested spent wheat stubble (SWSR). The results showed that the average daily gain and feed intake of the animals which were fed with the UWSR, the MWSR and the SWSR diets were 144.47, 169.55 and 180.75 (gr/day) and 140.69, 165.49 and 175.20 kg per whole period, respectively, (P<0.05). The IVOMO and IVOOM of the UWS, the MWS and the SWS stubbles were 47.46, 48.52, 58.70, 59.14, 49.78 and 46.31, respectively, (P<0.01).

This research was planned to survey the importance and effectiveness of factors influence the total milk production in holstein dairy cattle.For this purpose the records were collected from Palahang dairy farm.Effective factors were chosen as independent variable in final statistical model based on highest significant levels. The selected factors includes; sire effects, effect of dams in each sire group, months and year of calving, lactation numbers, days open and duration of dry periods. Derivation from regression equation related to milk production of the two independent variables including days open and days dry were calculated. The best classes turned out to be 110-120 and 38-70 days respectively.

In this experiment, 40 Raeini growing male goats at 9 months of age and an average liveweight of 19.3±0.34 Kg were used. The goats were allocated according to a completely randomized design (CRD) in which 5 diets (n=8) were tested. The 5 levels of sulfur in the diets were either 0.14%, 0.22%, 0.28%, 0.34% or 0.40% (DM basis). The source of sulfur supplement used was calcium sulfate. The feeds were formulated according to AFRC (1998). All the feeds which were pelleted were offered ad libitum twice a day for a duration of 98 days. The effect of level of sulfur on the dailyweight gain, feed conversion ratio, fleece weight, clean fleece weight and cashmere sulfur content were statistically significant (p£0.05).As the level of the dietary sulfur was increased from 0.14% to 0.22%, these parameters were significantly (p£0.05) improved. However, there was a negative trends in the above parameters as the level of sulfur increased above 0.22%, The dry matter intake, cashmere percentage and cashmere diameter were not influenced by the level of sulfur. In conclusion, the results of the regression equation shows that the level of sulfur for the optimum growth and fiber production in Raeini growing goats was 0.26%.

studying of effects of three Iranian cottonseed meals on growth performance of growing holstein bulls, 12 bulls selected with initial body weight 134.87 ± 17.4 diets and 4 periods were used in an experiment with a balanced Change-over design. The bulls were fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing (1) cottonseed meal R+fish meal (2) conttonseed meal Kh (3) cottonseed meal R, and (4) cottonseed meal B for 122 days. The differences in means of daily gain, dry matter intake, feed conversion, dry matter and organic matter digestibility in growing bulls fed with treatments diets were significant (p<0.01).Average daily gains of the bulls fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 1.55, 1.48, 1.66 and 1.59 kg, respectively. Feed conversion ratio was better for diet 3 (P<0.05). fecal pH and blood plasma metabolites of the bulls fed with different diets were not significant (P>0.05). Results of this study indicate that diet 3 containing cottonseed meal with higher NDF but lower CP had highest performance in growing holstein bulls.

The present studies were undertaken to clarify the comparative histological, histochemical and biochemical properties of the parotid salivary gland in both sexes of sheep and goat. Histological studies revealed that the gland was encased in a compact irregular fibrous connective tissue capsule having elastic fibers and scattered smooth muscle cells. The parenchyma of the parotid glands of sheep and goat in both sexes was identified as compound tubulo and acinar serous but the majority of secretory units in sheep was tubular and resembled the kidney tubules. The results of histochemical studies were shown that the parotid secretory units of sheep and goat in both sexes were lack of neutral and acidic mucopolysaccharides.In addition the presence of considerable activities of the enzymes, alanine transaminase (AL T), aspartate transaminase (AST). lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and rhodanese were confirmed and compared in parotid salivary gland tissue in both sexes of sheep and goat.On the other hand. no activity of arginase and amylase was seen in the glandular tissue.

A sampleinfested hairs with lice from foal (10 month's age) was submitted to Department of Parasitology in December 1999. A few of lice were cleared in 5% KOH solution for final diagnosis. The specimens were cleaned, dehydrated through passing from different alcholic concentrations and mounted of slides. The specimens were examined under steremicroscope and light microscope with 100x and 400x magnification. After examining specimens under microscope, all the specimens were diagonised as Bovicola equi.

During a survey on parasitic infection of local fresh water of Khoozestan province wetlands in years 1370-1375 (1991-1996), a total of 920 fish representing 9 species, 146 individuals of fishes, Barbus sharpeyi (Gunter, 1877); 164 individuals of fishes, Liza abu (Heckel, 1843); 81 individuals of fishes Aspius vorax (Heckel, 1843); 191 individuals of fishes, Cyprinus cerpio.(L.); 198 individuals of fishes, B. luteus (Heckel, 1843); 28 individuals of fishes, B. xanthopterus (Heckel.1843); 80 individuals of fishes, B. grypus (Heckel, 1843); 10 individuals of fishes, B. esocinus (Heckel, 1843); 22 individuals of fishes, Silurus triostegus (Heckel, 1843) and other parasites.109 of 146 B. sharpeyi fishes was infected with Trypanosoma sp., Hexamita sp., Trichodina sp., Ich sp. Balantidium sp. and Costia sp., 27 of 164 L. abu and 11 of 81 A. vorax fishes were infected with trichodina sp., Ich sp., Hexamita sp. and Costia sp.; 22 of 191 C. carpio fishes was infected with Trypanosoma sp., Trichodina sp. and lch SP.37 of 198 B.lute us fishes was infected with Trypanosoma sp., lch sp. and Balantidium sp.; 6 of 28 B. xanthopterus fishes was infected with Trypanosoma sp., Hexamita sp., 34 of B. grypus fishes was infected will Trypanosoma sp., Hexamita sp., Trichodina sp., Costia sp., Ich sp. and 10 B. esocinus fishes without infected observed. Totally 258 of 920 fishes were infected with protozoan parasites (infected frequency 28.04%).

During a survey on 106 Alburnus charousini fishes caught from Shahid Modarres barrage in Kashmar, Ligula intestinalis (Parasitic cestoda) were found. The abdominal cavity of fishes were infected, and parasite pushed the inner organs of fish. Soon after seing the fishes were fixed and carried to the laboratory for further study. Abdominal cavity of fishes were disected and seperated parasite studied under the sterio and light microscope. After identification the collected L. intestinalis were fixed in 4% buffer formalin. Prevalance of infection was 35.8 and 1-13 parasite collected from each infected fishes. The final host of L. intestinalis are piscivorous birds and the eggs of parasite spread in water source and fish farms of this area. This is the first report of L. intestinalis infection on A. charousini from Iran.

During 1996 to 1999 a study on nematodes of 285 fish specimens from Gilan and Mazandaran provinces were carried out.Fish were collected from 6 stations in Mazandaran province (197 specimens) and 3 stations in Gilan province (88 specimens).The fish were examined and it' s parasites are as follows: Rhabdochona fortunatowi, from Capoeta capoeta, Rhabdochona hellichi, from Chalcalburnus chalcoides, Rhabdochona denudata, from Leuciscus cephalus, Raphidascaroides sp., Cucullanus sp. from Carassius carassius, Raphidascaris acus, from Esox lucius, and Perca fluviatilis, Dichelyne minutus from Neogobius kessleri.The nematodes were in the larval and adult stages. The prevalence of infections also were detected. The characteristics of only one of the nematodes which were collected during this study was not the same as the known species. This species, Raphidascaroides sp. was assumed to be a new species.

The efficacy of ranitidine for inhibition of stimulated gastric secretion was evaluated in ten healthy sheep. An abomasal fundic pouch was made under thiopental sodium anaesthesia described by Mostaghni and Howard in each animal. Hay and water was provided ad lib.Control gastric juice samples were collected following administration of distilled water (2ml, 1M) at different times (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 hours).Ranitidine (1.5 and 3 mg/kg.1M) was administered at time zero and 30 minutes after pentagastrin (4, ug/kg, SC) was adsministered. Gastric juice samples were obtained every 30 minutes for 2.5 hours following the first injection. It was shown that ranitidine effectively reduces volume. total acidity, K and chloride concentrations and increases pH and Na concentration of gastric juice 30 minutes before pentagastrin stimulated secretion in clinically normal fed sheep (p<0.05).Furthermore there were no significant changes in pepsin concentration (mg Tyrosine/24h.) during the experiment (p>0.05).

The electrocardiographic parameters on bipolar, unipolar. leads V10and base-apex of 60 adult goats were evaluated in this study.The EVGs were examined for heart rate, rhythm, duration, amplitude and configuration.The results of this study were compares with the findings of other researchers. The findings of this study showed that the mean heart rate calculated from lead base-apex was 88 beats per minute which is lower than values reported by others. Evaluation of ECGs showed that almost 90% of cases had sinus arrythmia. The less variability of wave configuration was observed in leads V10 and bases-apex.In comparison to other ruminants, electrocardiographic waves showed less variability in goat which could be due to body conformation and narrow chest configuration.