ANIMAL SCIENCE AND RESEARCH JOURNAL
Year:2008 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:9

The experiment was carried out to determined the apparent digestibility and true amino acid availability of maize. Rhode Island Red (RIR) adult cockerels (44 birds) were used in bioassay, under standard conditions. Before beginning of experiment, 44 birds were withheld from feed for 24 hours to ensure that no feed residues remained in their alimentary tracts. The experimental period was 6 days: a 3-day pre collection period and 3-day collection period. The experiment was designed so that 10 grams of maize were fed to 6 groups of adult cockerels. Additional 6 birds were given no feed and served as negative controls to provide a measure of the endogenous amino acid losses (EAAL). The samples of dropping voided during the 48-hours period were collected, weighted and frozen. Samples dried at 90oC over night then ground and assayed for amino acid concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The result of experiment demonstrated the regression equation (Y=1.37+0.07x), with intercept (1.37 g/kg) and regression coefficient (0.073). The correlation coefficient and standard error means (SEM) were 0.65 and 2.24 respectively. The mean apparent and true available amino acid values obtained by CAM for maize were 5.03±0.25 and 7.09±0.17 grams respectively. It can be seen that at zero amino acid intakes, the amino acid voided (i.e. the EAAL) were 58/85 gram. The apparent amino acid availability of maize increased in a curvilinear manner with maize input. The reason may be that the metabolic plus endogenous amino acid losses (EAAL) are changed against the maize input. Support for this is the uniformity of the true available amino acid values. Finally the use of available amino acids in practical feed formulation is considered. Because differences were observed for individual amino acids of maize for birds.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E and organic and inorganic sources of selenium on egg qualitative characteristics of heat stressed laying hens. One hundred forty-four Hy-Line W-36 hens were divided into two houses with different environmental temperatures (24 and 33oC). Dietary treatments had included additional amounts of selenium and vitamin E supplements. Experiment was a 2´3´2 factorial arrangement which was conducted as completely randomized design with 12 treatments and 3 replicates. Hen performance traits including egg production, egg weight, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio and egg quality characteristics including shell thickness, shell resistance, shell weight, albumen quality (Hough unit score) and yolk weight was measured during the experiment. Feed consumption, egg production and egg weight in hens exposed to high temperature was significantly lower than hens from the normal temperature group (P<0.05). Exposure of hens to high temperatures also resulted in a significant decrease in egg quality. Egg weight, shell thickness, and Hough unit score were all significantly decreased when the hens were exposed to heat stress. Selenium supplementation to diet had a significant (P<0.05) effect on yolk colour.

To study the polymorphism of bovine lepton gene, 59 Iranian proven Holstein bulls are genotyped. The PCR was used to amplify a 581bp fragment including part of intone 1, axon 2 and part of intone 2. Digestion of PCR products were performed with Bsec 1 (AT¯CGAT). The studied polymorphism is an A to T substitution at position 413 of amplified fragment (in axon 2) resulting in Tyrosine to phenylalanine substitution. In wild type (A allele), the amplified fragment is digested and give two fragments of 412bp and 169bp. In mutant type (T allele), the amplified fragment is not digested. In present study, the allele frequency was estimated 99.15 and 0.85 percentage for A and T allele, respectively. The results of other studies have also shown low frequency of mutant allele (T) in different breeds.

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different feed Restriction on broiler performance and carcass quality during second/third week of life. A 2´3´2 factorial experiment added a control was used, that the strain of broilers, severity and duration of feed restriction were considered as the main effects. Every treatment had three replicate. Totally in this experiment were considered 840 broilers unsexing Arian and Ross broilers (420 chicks of every strains). The feed restriction with 0, 30, 40 and 50% severities was begun at 8d of age, and depending on restriction duration (7 or 14d) continued until 14 or 21d of age. Then broilers fed to 56d of age ad-libitum.The varied feeding restrictions, had no effect on final body weight Arian broilers, but in Ross broilers with 30% less of ad-libitum in 7 or 14 days Resulted in a increasing body weight (P<0.05) comparation of the control Ross broilers. The varied treatments of feeding restriction had no effect on feed conversation ratio in two strains. Carcass characteristics in two strains were similar to control chicks. Abdominal fat percent decreased in the treatment of 30% feed restriction for 14d in the Ross broilers (P<0.05), and in the other treatments didn't change.

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID) of horses was appeared as a deficiency of T and B lymphocytes in foals and resulted in death, caused by infection with opportunistic pathogens, by 5 month of age. This disease is a genetic autosomal recessive trait. A 5-basepair deletion in the horse gene encoding DNA-protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKCS) was discovered which is responsible for SCID in Arabian horses. We have developed a PCR-based test for detection of the gene defect from 5-basepair deletion in DNA-PKcs gene. The carriers are heterozygote (259 and 254 bp bands) and dominant and recessive homozygotes have 259bp and 254bp bands, respectively. A total 120 Arab horse were tested and all were homozygote for 259 bp that is noncarrier. In conclusion, we suggest further study on Arab horses throughout of Iran to finding any probable carriers.

An experiment was conducted to compare four different profiles of AA for Arian broilers in starter period: NRC (1994) IICP (2002), RPAN (1993) feedstuff (2002) this study involved male and female chicks during starter period (1-21) days of age) the ratios of indispensable AA were balances to digestible lysine requirement according to these four profiles, Digestible Lysine for all rations and two sex chicks, set at 1.07 that was for male chicks in starter period. Diets of four profiles were isoenergetic (3200 kcal/kg) and control diet was used according to directive catalog of this strain recommendation. Feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were measured for each treatment. Results indicated that there was no significant dragnet (P<5%) in feed consumption and weight gain between treatments but the chicks were fed diet formulated by. NRC AA ideal ration have the most weight gain and least feed consumption. FCR by NRC profile was significantly (P<5%) better than the other profiles, but no from RPAN profile. comparison of PER in treatments indicate, the chicks that were fed by IICP profile diets were significant different (P<%5) with other profiles. The positive control diet had worst PER. In addition, production index of NRC profile significantly was the best one. Results of this experiment suggested that, utilize of digestible AA and ideal AA profile had a better effect on performances in commercial condition and NRC profile was the best pattern to achieve this aim in Arian broilers.

The aim of this study was assess the performance and carcass characteristics of. a number of96 adult male and female pigeons were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 12 replicates (with local names: 1- Qazvin's Kabood.2- Parvazi.3- Koohy namebar.4- Tehran's Sefid). All birds were randomly located in single cages. (each cage had 2 birds (male and female) as one replicate). The diet was prepared using two kind of grains including wheat and bitter vetch. The feeders were filled every morning and the residues were weighed in the next day. The chicks were hatched and grown up alternately in a couple of cages and slaughtered at 30 days of age after 12 hours feed restriction. Average feed intake (eaten by parents and chicks) for producing a couple of mature chicks (30 days old) was 3956.4 grams. Average of feed intake in first and third treatments was not different, but a significant difference was observed (P<0.05) between first, second and fourth treatments. The average weight of birds' carcass ready to cook in first and third treatments were 242, 8 and 257, 2 grams and the difference was not significant. The average of feed conversion ration for the breeds were 5.69, 5.85, 5.61 and 5.68 respectively.

This study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of gamma ray irradiation on chemical compounds of corn and soybean meal based broiler diets. Experiment performed in a completely randomized design including 4 treatments and 4 replicates. Each replication was a sample of one kilogram of diet in starter (0-10 d), grower (11-28 d) and finisher. treatments were 4 different levels of gamma ray including: 0 6.7, 7.7 and 8.7 Kilogray. The results showed that the quantity of chemical compounds including peroxide value, ether extract and crude fiber was significantly different between irradiated and control groups (p³0.05). However, crude protein and ash was not affected by different level of gamma irradiation.