NEW CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
Year:2017 | Volume:7 | Issue:28 |Papers Count:19

In 2007, based on genome-wide association studies, FTO gene was discovered. An association ofsingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene regionwith body mass index (BMI) was identified in multiple populations, and indeed it leads to findingFTO gene as the first locus related to obesity. In this review, we explore the genetic epidemiology ofFTO and discuss how its complex biology might link to the regulation of body weight. In the present mini review study, In vivo and In vitro researches of complex biological FTO, havebeen proposed. Also, association of FTO gene with obesity and obesity-related diseases has beeninvestigated. The effect of FTO SNPs on obesity traits in African and Asian populations is similar or somewhatsmaller than in European populations. FTO SNPs do not influence physical activity levels. Growingevidence from studies suggests that FTO along with subtle changes in food intake confer anincreased risk of obesity. Defect in FTO gene creates clear phenotypes in postnatal growthretardation and the developmental problems.

Aim and Background: Today many genes have been reported that affect obesity in complex ways. One of these genes is thepolymorphism of ACE gene. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is an important factor that canaffect adipose tissue metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship betweenACE gene polymorphism and obesity in the population of Ardabil province. Methods and materials: The 172 people attending this study were divided into two individuals of BMI < 30 and BMI≥ 30according to their body mass index. The DNAs of the sample were extracted using the saturated saltmethod and the extracted strains from normal and obsess participants were compared with each otherunder electrophoresis by PCR. Results: In the group by BMI<30 there were 57. 5% male and 42. 5% female participants. By contrast, in thegroup by BMI≥ 30, there were 42% male and 58% female participants. The average age of theparticipants in BMI<30 group was 47. 55 years but in the BMI≥ 30 group it was 52. 45 years. BMImean of the people in BMI<30 was 25. 19 and BMI mean of the people in BMI≥ 30 was 32. 58. DDgenotype frequency in BMI≥ 30 was 0. 83 which is more than the frequency of BMI<30 (0. 83 against0. 71). Conclusion: The obtained results of this research suggested that genotype DD in ACE gene has a relationshipwith the obesity of Ardabil province population.

Aim and Background: Today, the availability of the water for human consumption and industrial purposes is limited. Weare of the opinion that the textile industry uses a lot of water, with suitable treatment, industrialwastewater can be recycled and reused. The use of bacteria for the removal of colour from Azo dyecontainingwastewater. Material and methods: Effluent sample collected from a dye industry of Kashan was used as a source for the isolation of 24morphologically distinct thermophilic bacteria capable of decolorizing wastewater textile dyes. Thesample was cultured in TSB. Effluent samples were incubated at 50° C for 3 days under aerobicconditions for isolation of pure cultures. Result: In the current study three thermophilic bacterial species screened from 24 bacterial isolates, were used in combinations for the Biodecolourisation of textile wastewater collected from Kashanunder aerated conditions. The consortium bacterial isolates exhibited best color removal in staticcondition with 90% color removed. Discussion: The consortium bacterial isolates exhibited a remarkable color removal capabilityagainst effluent under static condition at 36-51° C and pH 5. 5-9. 5 in the presence of 7% NaCl.

Aim and Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen that typically makes a biofilm. P. aeruginosabiofilms are intrinsically resistant to antimicrobial chemotherapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate theinhibitory effects of ethanolic extract of Malva sylvestris on the biofilm formation of Pseudomonasaeruginosa ATCC: 27853. Material and methods: The alcoholic extracts of Malva sylvestris which were collected from north western Iran(Kurdistan)were obtainedby soxhlet apparatus. The antibacterial effect of plant extract was determined by well diffusion agar. The minimalinhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed by micro dilutionmethod according to CLSL standard. Finally biofilm formation of these this strain in presence of ethanolic extract of M. sylvestris was determinedusing modified micro titer plate method. Statistic analysis was done by t-test and analysis ofvariance(ANOVA) was used to compare means and data correlation. Results: The results showed a significant effect of ethanolic extract of M. sylvestris on the tested strain. The MIC andMBC were 62. 5 mg ⁄ ml. The different concentration of ethanolic extract of M. sylvestris decreasedsignificantly in biofilm formation. on P. aeruginosa in compared to gentamicin as the positive control (P value =0. 0124). Conclusion: According to the finding Malva sylvestris, is effective in killing P. aeruginosa. bacterial biofim so thismedicinal plant appears to be promising agent for prophylaxis against various pseudomonas infections.

Aim and Background: (Satureja sahendica) is one of the most important medicinal and edible plants. Priming is a techniquethat a seed obtained all physiological and biochemical requirement for germination before planted inthe ground. Material and methods: In order to evaluation of seed priming on moderating salinity effect on germination and primarygrowth of Savory in pot planting, an experiment carried out by Factorial design with RCD at threereplication in greenhouse of Islamic Azad University of Khoy in 2014. The first factor was salinity atthree level (EC=2, 4 and 6 mmohs/cm of NaCl ) and second factor was seed priming in four levelcontrol, KNO3 (2. 5%), KCl(2 %)and NaCl(1 %). Traits investigated include the length of root andshoot, shoot and root dry weight, germination percentage, mean germination time and the dry weightof the biomass. Results: The variance analysis of data showed that salinity treatments significantly affected all investigatedtraits. Also interaction of salinity and priming on germination percentage was significantly affected. The highest percentage of germination (92. 84%) obtained under KNO3 × 2 mmohs/cm NaClconcentration. The treatment of KCl × 2 mmohs/cm concentration with 92. 56 has the highestpercentage of germination. Conclusion: According to this results Savory cultivation not recommended for Areas where the irrigation water issaline. And if water salinity is low, seed priming with KNO3 can moderated salinity effects onSavory seed germination. The interaction of two factors was significant on germination.

Aim and Background: Liposomal vesicles provide the possibility of loading lipophilic drugs into phospholipids bilayersand water-soluble (hydrophilic) aqueous phase. The present study was aimed on the evaluation ofthe properties of liposomal doxorubicin loaded into liposome by both active and passive proceduresin terms of drug loading and release. Material and methods: Dipalmitoyl glycerol phospholipid glycerol, cholesterol and DSPE-mPEG 2000 was used forsynthesis of nanoliposome. Then, doxorubicin loading was performed by passive (thin filmhydration) and active (according to pH gradient) methods. The average diameter of nanoparticlswas measured with Zeta Sizer. And the amount of drug loading and release was performed usingdialysis. Results: The average size of nanoparticles were 138. 6 ± 4. 9 nm and 105. 9 ± 3. 8 nm for thin film hydrationmethod, and pH gradient method, respectively. And drug loading efficacy of doxorubicincontainingnanoliposomes was 89± 4. 35 for pH gradient method and 15. 65± 8. 65 for thin filmmethod. The accumulated amount of drug release during 48 hours in PBS at pH=7. 4, wasdetermined 78% and 24% for hydration thin film method pH gradient method, respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that nanoliposomal doxorubicin prepared by active method, was more effectivethan that the passive method. Our prepared nanoformulation was also sensitive to pH of medium.

Aim and Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen playing role in various infections. Type threesecretion system and biofilm formation capability are important virulence factors in this bacterium. Inthe present study, two virulence factors as well as antibiotic resistant patterns of isolates obtained fromblood and urine samples were examined. Material and methods: After confirming 39 bacterial isolates as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antibiogram was performed via diskdiffusion method. Polymerase Chain Reaction was done in order to find the frequency of genes encodingeffector proteins by type three secretion system. Results: 18 and 21 Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from blood and urine, respectively among which themost and the least resistance were observed against Cefpodoxime and Polymyxin B, respectively. ExoTgene was detected in 100% of both blood and urine samples and the frequency of other exo genes inblood samples was more than in urine samples. Isolates from urine samples were able to form strongbiofilm, while isolates from blood samples could produce weak and moderate biofilms. Conclusion: According to promotion of resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa against antibiotics and their ability indeveloping infection, and the presence of isolates harboring toxin genes as well as capability of formingbiofilm, the necessity of screening patients before antibiotic therapy is apparent, otherwise, thepossibility of dissemination of different antibiotic resistant bacteria among population will be increased.

Aim and Background: Curcumin is the yellow pigment derived from rhizome of turmeric. Curcuminoids are natural phenolsthat used in natural medicine for thousands of years. Currently antioxidant and anti-inflammatoryproperties of this material are considered in clinical practice. However, a little study that has beendone on the effect of curcumin on a reproductive system. Materials and methods: This study was an experimental study, 40 male NMRI mice weighing 20 to 30 grams wereinvestigated. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, treated with 10mg / kg / DayDEHP, DEHP treatment group with curcumin and curcumin group. After two weeks body weight ofmice were measured. Right and left testis was weighed separately. The genital pore distance (AGD)was measured. The blood was drived from the heart, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosteroneperformed by ELISA Mehod on mice serum. Testicular samples were cutting 5 microns and stainedwith hematoxilina-eosina method, ultimately were evaluated. Results: The study demonstrated protective effects of Curcumin on testis of mice. So that daily administrationDEHP10mg / kg / day with 5 ml curcumin can improve the parameters of body weight (p = 0. 000), testicular right and left (p = 0. 000) and serum testosterone (p = 0. 026) compared to mice treated withDEHP was alone. Also microscopic pathological waste, including demolition of Sertoli cells andLeydig cell necrosis in the group treated with DEHP was found in the group treated with curcumin +DEHP were improved. Conclusion: Curcumin protects testicular tissue from free radicals induced of phthalates by antioxidant properties. It also modulates the testoster hormone as a regulator of reproduction, weight and growth process.

Aim and Background: Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein and widely used for the treatment ofinfertility, and its action is mediated by FSH receptor (FSHR). There are several SNPs inFSHR gene of which determine the ovarian response to FSH. One of them is located atposition 680 (Asparagine (N) to Serine (S)). Polymorphic sites give rise to three discretevariants of FSHR: NN, NS, and SS. We evaluated this functional polymorphism site inIranian infertile women who undergo in vitro fertilization (either successful or failed). Materials and Methods: 31 incident cases and 30 controls were analyzed using PCR and direct sequencing forAsn/Ser at position 680 polymorphism. Results: In normal group Ser680/Ser680 genotype was more frequent than infertile patients. These findings failed to support the relationship between this polymorphism and infertility inevaluated Iranian women. However the total amount of FSH consumed by Ser680 in infertilepatients was more than that was used by Asn680 group. A logistic regression analysisbetween the groups with Ser680 and Asn680 showed that Ser680 showed poor response toFSH. Conclusions: Our results suggested that Asn680Ser polymorphism can be used as a markerfor considering FSH dosage in patients undergoing IVF, and a personalized FSH therapy maybe applied based on patientś genotype at this polymorphism site in clinical setting.

Aim and Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of important infection factors in hospitals. Overplay of antiseptics in clinical centers not only did not destroy pathogenic bacterias but also grewa resistance for these kind of compounds in microorganisms. The purpose of this study is toinvestigate the resistant gene to antiseptics, qacE gene, which was found among Pseudomonasaeruginosas released from hospitals. Materials and Methods: 70 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosas were collected from hospitals. Thesensitivity of these strains to deconex was estimated by Macrodilution Broth Test. Identification ofqacE gene was used by PCR. Results: Among 70 samples isolated from hospitals 15 cases were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 12samples had MIC 75 μ g/ml and MIC for 3 samples was 400 μ g/ml. QacE gene was presented in 12. ( sample (%٢ ٤ Conclusion: The results of this study indicated the presence of qacE gene in Pseudomonasaeruginosa. The comparison of the results with the rest of the world indicates the increasing geneticresistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antiseptics such as deconex. These results are important intaking proper health policies and using effective antiseptics for hospital infections.

Aim and Background: Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer related death inthe world. Survivin gene encodes a protein which is one of the apoptosis inhibitors. It plays animportant role in maintaining the gastric mucosa and is vital for normal function of the stomach. Italso plays a key role in differentiation of gastric the epithelial cells and repairs the gastric mucosaafter damage. This gene is widely expressed in the gastric stomach, its expression increasesignificantly in gastric cancer. Regarding role of survivin gene in gastric cancer, in the present study, the association of single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs2071214) A9194G in exon 4 survivin genewith risk of gastric cancers is investigated. Material and methods: In this study, 101 patients with gastric cancer and 101 healthy subjects as the control (all matched interms of age and gender) were examined by PCR-RFLP technique. The obtained data andinformation were analyzed by statistical regression logestic and2testes. Results: The results of this study showed that different genotypes of polymorphism A9194G and alleles arenot significantly associated with gastric cancer. Conclusion: Our results have shown that there isn’ t an association between A9194G polymorphism with the riskof gastric cancer.

Aim and Background: the efflux pumps as one of the resistance mechanisms against antibiotics. So object of this study, is determining the existence of oqxA and oqxB gens in Klebsiellapneumoniae Isolated and their sample of antibiotic resistance. Materials and methods: the sample making of 500 referred outpatients to the laboratories of Qomprovince. For determining of antibiotic sensibility, it was according to instruction CLSI 2014. theexistence of oqxA and oqxB genes was detected by PCR. Result: 100 number of klebsiella pneumonie bacteria separated. Determined. all Klebsiellapneumonia were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Amikacin. The results out of PCR revealed 46%had oqxA gene and 52% had oqxB gene. Conclusion: . Results out of present study suggest that the klebsiella pneumonia bacteria in strainsisolated in hospitals of Qom has got a very significant statisics. Also, efflux pumps oqxAB have gota relatively high quantity. Results: The ways to confront and oppose antibiotic resistance including the efflux pumps oqxAB isimportant. These findings indicate the need to control the antibiotics treatments and to use newantibiotic agents for the treatment of infections caused by this bacteria and other resistant organisms.