NEW CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
Year:2018 | Volume:8 | Issue:31 |Papers Count:10

Aim and Background: The aim of this study was to enhance the synergistic effect of the "RA-FICZ" by adding anti CD44 monoclonal antibody (mAb), to induce myeloid differentiation and apoptosis in three patients with APL. Materials and methods: The anti-CD44 antibody concentrations of 5 to 25 μ g/ml prepared and added to "RA-FICZ" complex and Isolated Cells from Patients. The antibody optimum concentration was determined then neutrophil maturation, apoptosis and expression of CD14 and CD11b were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: Adding the different concentrations of CD44 mAb against CD44 improved the ability of promyelocytes differentiation and led to increased expression of CD11b and CD14 antigens more than two times. The apoptotic rate increased up to 66%. Conclusion: Additional studies and work on the animal models can lead to a reduction even elimination of the chemotherapy. This triple combination" can be candidate as a novel differentiation-inducing therapy in APL cells.

Aim and Background: The exopolysaccharides are biopolymers which are secreted to the surrounding environment by microorganisms. The aim of this research is to determine situations for higher production of exopolysaccharide by bacillus pasteuri bacterium and to study its antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Material and methods: In this study, experimentation has been performed based on taguchi method and by the use of Qulitek-4 software to determine the situation of exopoysaccharide. Then, different degrees of thickness were obtained from the produced exopolysaccharide and were applied to staphylococcus aures and E. coli bacteria, in order to study the effects of its antibacterial properties. In order to study the antioxidant activity, 4 different degrees of exopolysaccharide were prepared and were measured by three methods the scavenging activities of DPPH, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radical. Results: The best situation for the highest level of production of exopolysaccharide was after 48 hours from the time of bacterium cultivation with the salt result of 0/05 milligrams on milliliter and the sucrose of 1 milligram on milliliter. The results coming from antibacterial activity showed that the highest halo of nongrowth was related to the 400 μ g/ml thickness. The results of antioxidant activity in all the three methods used in this study showed that in the thickness of 1000 μ g/ml from exopolysaccharide exists the highest controlling activity. Conclusion: By identifying several key factors we can produce the highest level of exopolysaccharide by the bacillus pasteuri bacterium and we can use it in antibacterial and antioxidant activit.

Background and Objective: The most frequently used sources of more stable enzymes are thermophilic bacteria. In recent years microbial L-asparaginase has been widely used as therapeutic agent in the treatment of human cancers. Microbial L-glutaminase is currently used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) because of its potential applications in medicine. The aim of present study was to screen new potent thermophilic bacterial isolates producing L-asparaginase and L-glutaminase. Methods: Larijan hotspring was chosen as the location for isolation of the thermophilic bacteria. Culture and morphological and biochemical tests, were performed. All the bacterial isolates were screened in ortherto L-asparaginase and L-glutaminase enzyme activity using Rapid Plate assay method. M9 modified media incorporated L-asparaginase or L-glutaminase and phenol red as indicator were used. Thermophilic strains were later identified by 16SrRNA gene ribotyping followed by PCR. Results: A total of six isolates recovered from Larijan hotspring were found to belong to Bacillus licheniformis. The L-asparaginase activity was observed in LT-1, LT-2, LT-3, LT-4, LT-5 strains. The L-glutaminase produced by Bacillus licheniformis LT-1, LT-3, LT-5 and LT-6 strains. Three thermophilic LT-1, LT-3, LT-5 strains with L-glutaminase and L-asparaginase activity have been successfully isolated. Conclusion: Larijan hot spring is one of the potential sources of useful microbial products that can be used as a source of useful different biological products like enzymes.

Aim and Background: P. syringae have different pathological variants and causes disease in a wide range of plants. Annually, this pathogen causes high damage to tomato crops. Despite the different methods, the control of this pathogen still depends to chemicals. Due to similarity of chemical targets in pathogens to nontarget organisms such as humans, these chemicals have harmful side effects on human, other organism and environment. Therefore, identification of specific targets in each pathogen is necessary to prevent the harmful effects of chemicals. In this study, using a homology-based bioinformatic approach, proteome of P. syringae were compared with tomato and other host plants proteomes and a number of proteins were selected as potential targets. Material and Methods: In the first stage of the study, proteome of P. syringae were compared with host plants and non-similar proteins were selected. In the second stage, these proteins were compared with human, gastrointestinal microbial flora and non-target organisms (including vertebrates, arthropods and molluscs) proteomes and non-similar proteins were selected. In the third stage, selected proteins were compared with essential genes and resulting proteins were considered as potential targets. In the final stage, the potential targets were subjected to various qualitative analyzes, including subcellular localization search, metabolic pathways search and broad-spectrum analysis. Results: Results of analyses identified 95 proteins as unique targets. Of 95 proteins, 22 proteins were broadspectrum and 73 proteins were specific to P. syringae. Some targets involved in metabolism of carbohydrate, energy, fat, nucleotides, amino acids, other amines, glycans, vitamins, cofactors and secondary metabolites. Some targets involved in genetic and environmental information processing and some have played role in cellular processes. Of 95 proteins, 59 proteins are localized in cytoplasm, 15 proteins in inner membrane, 17 proteins in periplasmic space, 3 proteins in outer membrane and 1 protein in extracellular of P. syringae. Conclusion: Identified proteins in this study are very effective targets and targeting of such proteins can efficiently control the P. syringae pathogen. Also, design and production of chemicals against these target proteins, along with the effective control of this pathogen, can control a wide range of pathogens and prevents the harmful effects on the human, non-target organisms and environment.

Aims and Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosais is one of the most important pathogens for nosocomial infections, particularly in ICU and burn. This bacterium causes diseases such as respiratory infections, sepsis and bacteremia. Since the serious infections caused by Pseudomonas resistance against conventional antibiotics is a serious problem and due to the placement of genes coding for antibiotic resistance on their Integrons and quick release feature identification of strains containing Integrons provide useful information on the extent and development of drug resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of class I integrons in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical samples and their relationship to antibiotic resistance. Materials and Methods: 103 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different clinical specimens were used. The drug susceptibility test, using 12 antimicrobial agents, was performed for all the isolates via agar disk diffusion method. The specific PCR was used to identify class I integrons and the relationship between class I integrons presence and antibiotic resistance was evaluated by χ 2 test. Results: Analysis of antibiotic resistance patterns showed 75. 7% of the isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and 73. 7% of the isolates were sensitive to ceftazidime-clavulanic. The PCR results showed that 40. 7% of isolates have class I integron. A significant correlation was obtained between the presence of class I integrons and resistance against most common antibiotics (P <0. 05). Conclusion: Due to the high frequency of class I integrons and connection with drug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, apply appropriate strategies for infection control and hospital treatment to prevent further spread is essential.

Aim and Background: It is essential to pay attention to the quality of water for the continuation of human life. Water resources are one of the basic foundations for sustainable development, and in recent years, extensive research has been carried out on water quality assessment. One of the key issues in exploiting water resources is the quality that otherwise would have unexpected consequences in the agriculture, drinking and industry sectors. Mahabad River, located in Mahabad plain, is one of the most important rivers in the West Azerbaijan province. The average annual catchment area of the Mahabad River catchment area is 806 square kilometers and 295 million cubic meters respectively. In this research, the water quality of Mahabad River has been studied from the point of view of some microbiological parameters and the rate of self-pollination of the river. To achieve this goal, international standards for drinking water and irrigation were used. Materials and Methods: In the present study, which is descriptive-cross sectional, sampling during 6 months from 4 stations consisted of the station 1 km 20 of the Mahabad dam (upstream of Kowsar village), the station number two km 15 of Mahabad dam (upstream of the village of Dehbakr), respectively. Station No. 3 km 10 of Mahabad Dam and Station No. 4 km5 of Mahabad Dam were used and MPN method was used to measure water pollution index bacteria. Results: Seven biological parameters including diatomaceous earth, chlorophyce, cyanofisce, pertussu, rotifer, chrestas, nematode, residual chlorine, probable value, confirmation and heparin were measured. The results of the data analysis indicated that the river's microbial load was high. As the number of coliform bacteria in stations 1 and 4 was higher than the standard in most of the sampling. Conclusion: The results of the MPN calculations showed during the research, The microbial load of the river from station 1 to 4 is decreasing due to the flow of movement and its self-propagation.

Aim and Background: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is causative agent of Johne's disease. The disease is worldwide spread and causes important economic losses in livestock industries. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 30 bacterial isolates that different by geographical area (provinces of Tehran and Alborez) and host (cattle, sheep and goat). PCR method was used for amplification of two locos SSR1 and SSR2. Results: The results showed that isolates have different structurally based on SSR1and SSR2 each other and also with the standard strain. The locus of Insertion and Deletion due to repetitive sequences in tandem, different genetic patterns observed that the ability to distinguish between strains provides. Conclusion: Considering the two alleles of each gene, genetic samples were placed in two types.

Aim and Background: The Antibiotic resistance provides area to replace herbal treatment methods that have fewer side effects than common drugs. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial effect of aquatic and ethanolic extracts of oleander (Nerium oleander) plant on the bacteria Salmonella Typhi and Listeria monocytogenes. Material and methods: In this experimental study, oleander plant leaves were gathered from Lahijan Plants Research Center located in Gilan province and after extracting, the Anti-bacterial effect of aquatic and ethanolic plant extracts was carefully evaluated against two strains of standard Salmonella Typhi PTCC 1609 and Listeria Monocytogenes PTCC 1295. And moreover, antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) extracts, using serial dilution in broth and agar diffusion technique was determined. Results: In the method of diffusion in agar, all concentrations of oleander ethanol extract on Salmonella Typhi had deterrent effect. Yet, the deterrent effect of its ethanoic extract, compared to the aquatic extract is incomparably higher. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract 128 mg/ml and the minimum bactericidal concentration 256 mg/ml was subsequently determined. Aquatic and ethanol extracts of this plant were not proved to be effective on the standard strain of Listeria Monocytogenes. Conclusion: It seems that the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of oleander plant has a substantial antimicrobial effect on gram-negative bacterium Salmonella Typhi, under laboratory conditions. Therefore, they can be implemented more efficiently as pharmaceutical compounds or preservatives.

Aim and Background: One of the methods of cancer treatment is the use of beta and alpha emitter radionuclides such as iodine-131 and radium-223. Gamma-radionuclides are not usually used for treatment due to high gamma-ray penetration and lower absorption in the tissue, and they are mostly diagnostic. In this study, a new method is proposed in which the feasibility of using 99mTcO-4 as a gamma-emitting radionuclide for the treatment of cancer by adding high-atomic substances such as iodine and gadolinium to increase the surface area of photon absorption in the tissue and Finally, an increase in the absorbed dose of the tumor is investigated. Material and methods: Radiopharmaceutical 99mTcO-4 was milked from a 99Mo/99mTc generator, and after injection, the mice were killed at different times and the percentage of injected dose per gram of each member was determined by direct counting of mice data. Then, by transforming the mice results into humans, the dose of internal radiation was calculated. In the next step, by introducing contrast agents (I, Gd) at different concentrations in the target organs, the rate of change in absorbed dose of organs was calculated using the MCNP simulation code. Results: MCNP results show that the absorbed dose has increased in the presence of contrast agents (I, Gd) in the liver and lung, taking into account the human accumulation activity (derived from healthy mice). Conclusion: Dose enhancement factor was evaluated using contrast agents. The results showed that with increasing concentrations, the dose enhancement factor in the target region increases in the presence of contrast agent and the dose outside the target position decreases. As a consequence of the increased dose resulting from the presence of contrast agents, the diagnostic radionuclide 99mTc can be used as a radionuclide for treatment in future.

Aim and Background: Diphtheria toxin is an extracellular protein of Corynebacterium diphtheria that inhibits protein synthesis and kills susceptible cells. Ammonium sulfate is an inorganic salt that is used to purify and precipitate proteins, which, by increasing salt content, decreases the solubility of proteins, and proteins interconnect and precipitate through their hydrophobic parts. Diphtheria vaccine is prepared by purifying and treating toxoid diphtheria bacteria, which is one of the methods of treating, using ammonium sulfate as a dry salt or preparing an over-saturated solution. Material and Methods: Diphtheria bacteria grown in optimal conditions and increased nutrient and toxin production by bacteria and inactivating the toxin into toxoid, in the manufacture of the vaccine is use. All media must be at least 24 hours at a temperature of 37-35° C will be incubated. In order to bacterial toxoid deposition of supersaturated solution 4. 32 M ammonium sulfate with different percentages were used. The results of this procedure were investigated using SDS PAGE and Lf TEST ( Lateral Flow Test). Results: Results revealed the use of 4. 32 M supersaturated ammonium sulfate instead of the use of dry salt of ammonium sulfate, used in the traditional method (WHO TRS, No. 980), used previously in the vaccine industry, Eliminating the long-term dialysis phase On the other hand, the final product (toxoid) has been tediously reduced It also removes unwanted impurities from the finished product And has made the net product even more scalable. Conclusion: Since the purpose of vaccine production is industry to achieve maximum toxoid of the bacteria, so use the procedure in this research project (optimizing of DT toxin precipitation by 4. 32 M super saturation of ammonium sulphate), in addition to reducing the loss of the final product and remove the prolonged dialysis