MEDICAL JOURNAL OF MASHHAD UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2020 | Volume:63 | Issue:1|Papers Count:32

Introduction: Marriage is a divine institution. Marriage, as the most important and supreme social tradition, has always been approved to meet the emotional and security needs of adults. (Abbasi and Rasoulzadeh, 2009). The aim of this study was to predict the marital satisfaction of married female students of Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran based on the components of personality traits, excitement mediated by their coping strategies. Methods: The statistical population of the study is all married female undergraduate and graduate students of Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran who were studying in the academic year of 1997-98 and the sample number was 350. Non-random sampling method is available and voluntary. To collect research data, four questionnaires were used: Enrich Marital Satisfaction, Neo Personality Questionnaire, Zuckerman Excitement Questionnaire and Rezakhani Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics including correlation method, path analysis to provide a model, and multiple regression to examine the relationship between variables and the dimensions associated with each variable. Results: There is a significant negative relationship between the components of personality traits including neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreement and conscientiousness with the marital satisfaction of married women. 2. The results show that the relationship between the total score of excitement and marital satisfaction of married women is negative and significant.  Conclusion: The relationship between excitement in the components of adventure, empiricism, lack of restraint, sensitivity to boredom and excitement with marital satisfaction of married women is negative and significant and emotionism in the field of empiricism has a greater role in explaining marital satisfaction of married women.

Introduction: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a series of repeated physical, psychological and behavioral symptoms that occur at the end of the menstrual cycle and resolves at the onset of menstruation and disrupts the function of the individual. Several therapies have been effective on it. Considering how the thoughts, emotions and emotions affect the growth or reduction of symptoms of this disorder; The aim of this research was to study, the effectiveness of psychotherapy on reducing the symptoms of Premenstrual dysphoric disorders. Materials and Methods: This design of the study is pre-test /post-test control group. The sample include 28 persons (14 group expermintal and 14 group control) of patient premenstrual dysphoric disorder the selected randomly and the were requested to answer Daily Record of Severity of Problem chart (DRSP). Over 8 therapy sessions, each lasting 90 minutes cognitivebehaviour therapy while the control group did not receive any intervention. Statistical software SPSS (21) and Covariance analysis were applied to analyse the data. Results: The result of data analysis showed psychotherapy with cognitive behavioral therapy approach caused the decrease severity of symptoms premenstrual dysphoric disorder (symptoms of anxiety, depression and emotional symptoms) (acceptance and positive reappraisal) of experimental group of comparision to the witness group (p>0/05). Conclusion: The result of this study indicate the effectiveness of psychotherapy in reducing the severity of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Today, various studies have examined the preference of two methods, Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the study of breast biopsies, but there is always a difference of opinion between There are studies on this. Therefore, in this study, we compared the two methods of staining (H&E) and IHC staining in differentiating different types of proliferative and neoplastic lesions in breast biopsies based on the observer agreement coefficient. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 81 breast biopsy specimens of patients with various types of proliferative and neoplastic lesions in the breast were among patients referred to Al-Zahra, Seyed AlShohada and Kashani hospitals in Isfahan during a 5-year period since 2014. It was done until 1397. Samples were observed using H&E staining and IHC staining by two pathologists, and their agreement was assessed using the Kappa coefficient. Results: According to the Kappa test, the agreement between the two pathologists about H&E staining (p <0. 001, kappa = 0. 82) and IHC staining (p <0. 001, kappa = 0. 95) was directly significant. Conclusion: Given that the level of agreement between the two pathologists in the IHC staining method is higher than the H&E staining, it seems that the IHC staining method has a more favorable efficiency in the study of proliferative and neoplastic breast lesions.

Introduction: Malnutrition is one of the major problems in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Nutrition of patients in hospitals is often done through a solution prepared in the kitchen of hospitals. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the nutritional value of cattle in Mashhad hospitals to provide a clearer view of the best type of nutrition in order to meet the nutritional needs of hospitalized patients.  Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the contents of the hospital's cooking instructions were analyzed with Nut4 software and the amount of nutritional value available was compared with the RDI standard according to the 2000 kcal required daily for the individual. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software and t-test (p <0. 05). Results: The mean calories, macronutrients and micronutrients were significantly lower than the RDI standard. The average levels of vitamins, vitamin B12, vitamin E and vitamin D were lower than the standard RDI, but vitamin A, folic acid, vitamin C and vitamin K were optimal. The levels of iron, calcium, zinc, and copper were significant. However, the values of manganese and chromium did not differ significantly. Conclusion: Gavage solution prepared in hospitals has been insufficient to meet the needs of patients. Due to the high use of hand-made cages in our country's hospitals, it is necessary that these recipes be designed in such a way that they have acceptable nutritional value.

Introduction: The mutated strains resistant to nucleoside / nucleotide analogues of hepatitis B virus (HBV) appear as a result of prolonged use time and the occurrence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and escape mutations. The aim of this study was to identify selective pressures and mutations in immune escape in the HBsAg (S) gene in patients with chronic HBV. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted in 1397 in Karaj, fifty patients with chronic hepatitis B were classified into two groups under treatment and without treatment. The number of DNA copies of each patient's virus was estimated by real-time PCR, and the sequence of the S gene was determined. The effect of each SNP on I-mutant protein stability and DDG free energy estimation was predicted. Results: The lowest virus load and the highest were estimated to be 1. 10 10 1. 1 and 4. 38 ml 10. 3 ml, respectively. The highest number of mutations leading to the change, including Q101R, T115N, S143L, and Q129P, was determined in a person with a history of drug use. In one untreated patient, mutations in M133T and L175S were observed. Mutations in Q129P, S174N, and Y134C were also observed in other individuals with a history of treatment. Of the 8 amino acid changes, LD75S with DDG equal to Kcal / mol 1. 87 had the greatest effect on S protein stability. Conclusion: Based on these data, there is a relationship between SNP virus S gene and mutant origin. Findings from studies of escape mutations can be effective in improving treatment and immunization against chronic hepatitis B infection.

Introduction: Major beta thalassemia is a type of autosomal recessive disorder characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis. Constant injections and the body's inability to remove iron from the body lead to an overload of iron, which can damage heart tissue. One of the regulatory pathways for heart disease through iron accumulation is the Osteoprotegrin / RANK pathway (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor k_B / RANKL Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Ligand). The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum level of RANKL and its association with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), diastolic dysfunction, mutation, pulmonary hypertension, and MRIT * 2 in major thalassemia patients. Be. HBV. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in descriptive manner on 82 patients with thalassemia major in Kilink Server Mashhad in 1396. All patients were evaluated completely and non-invasively (complete 2D echocardiography and color M-Mode Doppler and MRIT * 2). The ELISA technique was used to measure serum RANKL levels. Spss20 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 82 patients, 36 were women and 46 were men. The mean age of the patients was 23. 6 83 6. 83 years. Left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction were present in 24 patients (29. 30%) and 23 patients (28%), respectively. There was no significant association between RANKL serum and left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, mutation deficit, pulmonary hypertension, MRIT * 2 index (p <0. 05). Conclusion: Research has shown that there is no significant relationship between serum RANKL levels and severe left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, jump deficit, pulmonary hypertension, MRIT * 2 index, which is the result of more research in this regard. He calls.

Introduction: Neonatal jaundice is due to increased bilirubin and is seen in 50% of the term and 80% of preterm neonates. Due to dangerous side effects of this disease, prompt referral of neonates is important in accurate diagnosis and treatment. Meanwhile, the knowledge and attitude of mothers about neonatal jaundice is of great importance. So, this study was performed to assess the knowledge and attitude of postnatal mothers over neonatal jaundice in Tonekabon, North of Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted on 365 mothers, whose neonates were born with jaundice and delivered at Shahid Rajaee general hospital, Tonekabon, from September 2016 to May 2017. The subjects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was used to evaluate the subject’ s knowledge and attitude about neonatal jaundice. Statistical analysis was performed suitably by chi square and pearson correlation using SPSS 22. Results: In response to questions, mother's knowledge about neonatal jaundice was the most and the attitude over causes of jaundice in neonates had the least correct response. Among cases, 78. 36% had moderate or lower knowledge, and 4. 93% had less than a moderate attitude. There was also a significant relationship between age, socioeconomic status and mother's education with knowledge about neonatal jaundice. Conclusion: Findings show the importance of increase in mother’ s knowledge about neonatal jaundice, providing them helpful settings for education and promoting their life's level and style.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory nervous system disease. One of the areas that are affected in MS is the cerebellum. Disorders in cerebellar structure leadss to ataxia, imbalance, increased fall risk and so that can decrease patient’ s quality of life. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is the application of weak electrical currents (1-2 mA) to modulate the activity of neurons in the brain. However, The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cerebellar anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) on fall risk and Walking Speed in woman with Multiple Sclerosis. Materials and Methods: The study samples were 20 women with MS (30 to 40 years). Patients received sham or real anodal tDCS of cerebellar for 5 consecutive days in a randomized, sham-controlled study. Main Outcome Measures: fall risk index and Time up and Go (TUG) (walking speed), were evaluated. Neuropsychological evaluation were conducted at baseline and immediately after the ctDCS and one month after the completion of the intervention. Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA was used for the intra-group analyses and inter-group analyses. fall risk index and Time up and Go scores improved in after active anodal tDCS only were improved in intervention group. Conclusion: These preliminary data support the notion that anodal tDCS of the cerebellar region combined with balance training improves fall risk index in women with MS. However, Future work has to evaluate potential benefits of cerebellar tDCS on fall risk in People with Multiple Sclerosis.

Introduction: Considering the widespread effects of hypertension on health factors and their impact on quality of life in affected patients and since the beneficial effects of physical activity and exercise on physiological systems, including the cardiovascular system, have been proven, therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of physical activity on the quality of life of patients with hypertension. Materials and Methods: The study population included all patients with hypertension referring to the cardiovascular departments of hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences during the winter of 1397. From these patients, 140 patients (70 active patients with hypertension and 70 non-active patients with hypertension) were selected through available sampling method. The inclusion criterion of the study was diagnosis of hypertension disease by a physician that they have passed at least one year of diagnosis. Individuals who had at least two sessions per week and each session had at least 45 minutes of regular physical activity were selected as active individuals. Data collection was done by demographic and quality of life questionnaires (Ware Sherbourne, 1992). & Results: Independent t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the mean quality of life in active people with hypertension and those non-active patients with hypertension in favor of active group (P <0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study which indicates that the impact of physical activity on quality of life in patients with hypertension, it can be argued that sport and physical training can be an effective treatment for improving the health and improving the quality of life of people with hypertension.

Introduction: Hyaline membrane disease (HMD) is one of the most common respiratory diseases in preterm infants. The main cause of the disease is surfactant deficiency and its clinical symptoms include respiratory distress tachypnea, cyanosis, granulation, and increased oxygen demand. There are generally two methods of administering surfactants, 1-prophylactic 2-Rescue. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gastric aspiration impulse test on predicting the need for surfactant in neonates. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytic study in which all newborn infants less than or equal to 34 weeks of age had respiratory distress and clinical symptoms of hyaline membrane disease such as granitic, cyanosis, intraretinal retraction. And sub-ribs were studied and causes other than those listed are exclusion criteria and excluded. The sampling method was easy and data were collected from an oral interview of pregnant mothers, checking the files and completing the questionnaire. Data analysis software was SPSS v21 and descriptive statistics and regression tests were used for odds ratios. Results: In this study, 62 (68. 1%) neonates were male and 29 (31. 9%) were female. The mean birth weight of neonates was 1662± 593 g and their mean age was 31. 7± 2. 5 weeks. Normal delivery and cesarean section in this study were 35 (38. 5%) and 56 (61. 5%), respectively. According to the findings, diabetes mellitus had a significant relationship with hyaline membrane disease. Hypertension, addiction, corticosteroid administration, and gender were also significantly associated with membrane disease (P <0. 05). According to the present study, there was no significant relationship between the type of delivery and hyaline membrane disease (P> 0. 05). Conclusion: Our study showed that the offspring of mothers with hypertension, addiction, and diabetes were less likely than others to have membrane disease and need to be given surfactants. The administration of corticosteroid drugs to mothers is also associated with the development of hyaline membrane disease.

Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a chronic and refractory psychiatric neuropsychiatric disorder that often develops in childhood and leads to significant problems in the long-term. Cognitive-behavioral therapy was based on obsessive-compulsive beliefs and depression in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder in Tehran. Materials and Methods: T Thirty individuals were selected from the statistical population based on non-random sampling and were divided into two experimental and one control group. There were 10 patients in each group. The research design was quasi-experimental with pretestposttest with control group. Research participants responded to the Obsessive-Compulsive Beliefs Questionnaire (2011) and Beck Depression Inventory (1972). Data were analyzed using one-way covariance analysis (ANCOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance (Mankova). Results: The results showed that both brain electrical stimulation therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy, respectively, reduced obsessive-compulsive beliefs and depression in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Conclusion: Among the two methods of brain electrical stimulation of the skull and cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective in reducing obsessive beliefs than electrical stimulation of the brain. But it has been shown to be more effective in reducing depression than electrical stimulation of the brain.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of intensive interaction intervention on social stereotyped behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorder. Materials and Methods: The method of this study was quasiexperiment with an experimental and control group and pretest, post-test. The population of this study included children with autism spectrum disorder that was selected by available sampling among the centers of autism in Ahvaz, Iran, and 11 children were randomly assigned to both experimental and control groups. The Gilliam Autism Scale (Gars) was used to measure the variables of the research. To analyze the results, descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviations of scores were used and the covariance analysis was used to control the interventional variables in the pretest. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the stereotyped behaviors for the experimental and control group in the pre-test stage were (28. 88 ± 6. 88) and (24. 66 ± 9. 17), respectively, and these values were in the post-test phase for The experimental and control groups were (17. 9 ± 14. 5) and (23. 72 ± 13. 13), respectively, and in the follow-up phase, the experimental and control groups were (+/-23. 5) 63/19) and (35/9 +-81/23). The results of one way covariance analysis indicated that the method of intensive interaction on the stereotyped behaviors was effectful (P <0. 001). Conclusion: According to the findings, the method of intensive interaction is effective on the stereotyped behaviors. The intensive interaction method can reduce the stereotyped behavior of children in the autism spectrum by influencing tissue and environmental stimuli.

Introduction: Athletes always use a variety of training methods and psychological skills to reach to their full potential. motivational self-talk is one of the ways that athletes use optimum performance. So, The purpose of this study was to the effects of motivational self-talk on self-Esteem, and competitive anxiety in elite swimmers female players in Isfahan.  Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed as a pre-test, post-test with the control group. The statistical population of this study was all elite female adult swimmer players in Isfahan city. Using systematic sampling, 40 people were selected and assigned to experimental (20) and control (20 people) groups. Experimental groups performed three sessions each week of motivational self-talk program (Theodorusky, 2000) for 8 weeks, but during this period the control group did not receive any psychological intervention. Subjects in each group were evaluated at the beginning and end of the study by standard Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire (1965), and Sports competitive anxiety (SCAT) for estimating the variables of the research. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis, multivariate covariance and Bonferroni's’ post hoc tests.  Results: The results of this study indicated that the motivational self-talk factor has a significant effect on the variables of self-esteem and competitive anxiety in elite swimmer players (P <0. 05). However, there was no significant difference between the amounts of motivational self-talk effects on these variables (P>0. 05).  Conclusion: Motivational self-talk improved the self-esteem and competitive anxiety variables, therefore, it is suggested that coaches and athletes use motivational self-talk methods to improve and develop exercise performance.

Introduction: Overweight is one of the problems in people nowadays, one of which is psychological, especially attentional bias. Different approaches have emerged apart from Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of tDCS and CBT on attention bias in overweight people. Methods: The research method used was quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of the study included all overweight people referred to Aramesh Psychology Center in Tehran in year 2019. Using purposive sampling method, 36 individuals were selected and randomly divided into three groups based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean and standard deviation of age was 34. 27± 6. 45 and mean body mass index was 28. 12± 2. 23. The research instrument was standard attentional bias questionnaire. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that tDCS and CBT were effective on The results showed that between the mean scores of pre-test and post-test tDCS on bias, attention to the component of life goals and the component of food (01. 001, 0. 001) and the mean of pre-test and post-CBT scores on bias, respectively The components of life goals and the component of foods (0. 002, 0. 001) have a significant effect, respectively. (05/0≥ p). Also, there was no significant difference between the mean score of tDCS and CBT posttest on attention bias (component of life goals and food component, respectively) (p <0. 299, p <0. 441). Conclusion: It seems that tDCS and CBT can be used to reduce people's bias in preventing the desire to eat more food. Given that this study has only been studied in one psychology center, it is suggested to investigate it in other centers to enhance the external validity of the research.

Introduction: Anxiety are considered as survivors based on their new hair or new nasal nose and their aim is to study and evaluate them. Preoperative anxiety was measured in hospitalized patients in Peymanieh Hospital in Jahrom in year 2019.  Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 209 patients admitted to hospitals affiliated to Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in year 97. Data gathering tool was Spielberg's demographic information and anxiety questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests at the significant level P <0. 05.  Results: Mean trait anxiety was 44. 96 7 7. 75 and mean state anxiety was 44. 54 8 8. 17. There was a significant relationship between preoperative anxiety and age and marital status. There was no significant difference between mean trait anxiety and men and women (p = 0. 492, p = 0. 391). But there was a significant difference between the average anxiety of trait and the status of single and married people (p = 0. 006, p = 0. 006). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, preoperative anxiety was not different between men and women, but it was higher in single men than in married people. Therefore, it is recommended to use various methods for patient education and to determine the educational program to eliminate the factors affecting anxiety.

Introduction: Physical inactivity is an important risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD). This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between occupational and non-occupational physical activity with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and its risk factors in patients admitted in an emergency heart center.  Materials and Methods: 227 male patients of ACS were randomly selected in an academic hospital. A questionnaire including individual, medical and occupational history was used for data collection. Occupational, sport and leisure time physical activity was evaluated by Baecke questionnaire. The studied population divided into mild, moderate and severe activity groups based on index of Baecke questionnaire.  Results: The prevalence of the risk factors of IHD, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity and smoking, was 32, 18. 5, 19, 11, and 34. 4 percent respectively. Among risk factors of IHD only obesity and diabetes had significant relationship with occupational physical activity and dyslipidemia had significant relationship with both sports activity and occupational physical activity. While other risk factors of IHD and physical activity revealed no statistically significant relationship.  Conclusion: The results of this study showed that most of ACS patients admitted in the emergency heart center had mild to moderate occupational and non-occupational physical activity. Although the researchers couldn’ t find a statistically significant relationship between occupational physical activity and ACS, but sports activity and leisure time physical activity can be effective in prevention of IHDs with decrease in risk factor prevalence of these diseases, specially diabetes and dyslipidemia.

Introduction: Nausea and vomiting is one of the most common complications of anesthesia that can cause dissatisfaction and stress in the patient and medical staff. On the other hand, Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is one of the least invasive surgical procedures which can be optimized by reducing the postoperative complications. According to the above mentioned points, the present study was designed to investigate the supine and prone position on the rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting.  Materials and Methods: This study was a clinical trial on 200 patients in 4 groups of 50 (group A: 3cc of Marcain spinal 0. 5% in supine position, group B: 2cc of marcain spinal 0. 5% + 20 micrograms of fentanyl in supine position, group C: 3cc of Marcain spinal 0. 5% in prone position, group D: 2cc of Marcain spinal 0. 5% + 20 micrograms of fentanyl in prone position). Nausea and vomiting were measured in recovery and 6 hours after the operation. The patient's heart rate and blood pressure were measured before the anesthesia and spinal anesthesia, after anesthesia, at minutes 10 and 15 of the operation, in recovery and after recovery.  Results: The highest rates of nausea and vomiting in recovery were in groups A (44%), C (28%), D (14%) and B (12%), respectively. However, after surgery, there was no difference between the two methods of supine and prone position with different doses of marcain in terms of NV recovery (p<0. 05). Moreover, there was no significant difference between the two methods of supine and prone position with different doses of Marcain in terms of drug use during and after surgery (p<0. 05). Meanwhile, hospitalization in group C (with a standard deviation of 1. 73± 1. 81) was longer than the other groups. The highest mean systolic blood pressure was observed in the prone position and group D and the lowest was observed in the supine position and group A after the anesthesia.  Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the highest rate of nausea and vomiting was observed during the transfer to recovery and the highest risk was related to the supine position. However, in other cases, there was no significant relationship between nausea and vomiting and other variables.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of a training course designed to reduce weight and health in order to raise awareness and nutritional knowledge, as well as increase people's motivation to have the right weight and also change people's attitudes towards food consumption, all of which It leads to a healthy and quality life.  Materials and Methods: This research has been done in the region of Tehran. There were 20 participants in the study and they were randomly selected. In this study, data collection and assessment method was a question in which a data section of the sample (sample) was tested twice as a pre-test and posttest with a tool (questionnaires for weight loss motivation, nutritional awareness and anxiety). The reliability of the instrument has been confirmed by the internal retesting and validation method of the instrument by Cronbach's alpha method. The training course with an adaptive approach included 6 training sessions. To answer the four questions of this study, statistical test to compare pre-test and post-test scores with distance and relative scale of T-pair test (correlated) and to compare pre-test-post-test information with nominal level of two-category accuracy. McNemar's nonparametric test was used.  Results: The findings show that the training method designed to improve nutritional awareness, weight loss motivation and performance is effective. However, people's attitudes towards the proper consumption of food before and after the educational intervention did not show any difference. Conclusion: In general, education raises people's awareness of having a safe margin of health in life.

Introduction: Gifted adolescents may suffer from depressive disorder both in terms of developmental maturity and special educational conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of attachment and Emotion based family therapy on emotional depression in gifted adolescents. Method: The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with two experimental groups. From the statistical population of students studying in Tehran's gifted schools, 40 people were randomly selected and randomly assigned to two groups. The research questionnaire included Akhenbach's internalization problems. Family, attachment, and emotion therapy were applied for ten sessions of the research groups. The research data were analyzed using repeated measurement analysis of variance. Results: The results of repeated measurement of variance analysis showed that post-test scores of attachment-based family therapy group were significantly lower than emotional family-based therapy (P≤ 0/001). Couples' comparisons also showed that the effect of family program dependence on attachment on persistent depression. Conclusion: In order to improve the mental state and especially the depression of gifted adolescents, a family-based treatment program can be used.

Introduction: Irrational beliefs can negatively affect both academic achievement and students' lifestyles, yet there are no native tools to measure it. Considering the importance of native and contextual tools, the purpose of this study was to construct and standardize the Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire (Iranian version).  Materials and Methods: This research was a developmental and exploratory research. The study population was all undergraduate and postgraduate students of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran in the first semester of the academic year 1398-98. 265 samples were selected from this community using stratified random sampling. A 109-item questionnaire was developed and completed by students. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the number of factors in the questionnaire. Results: The varimax rotation showed that the irrational beliefs questionnaire consisted of six components of self-esteem, irrational fears about self-esteem, irrational self-esteem, excessive sadness, belief in external control, and belief in external factors with 41 questions. Cronbach's alpha coefficient indicated that all components of the questionnaire were validated and the total reliability was 0. 910. The correlation coefficient showed that the components of the questionnaire had acceptable internal consistency and also the correlation coefficient of the components of the questionnaire with the components of critical thinking showed that the questionnaire of irrational beliefs had acceptable convergent validity.  Conclusion: By constructing tools and identifying irrational beliefs in individuals, educational support, counseling and interventions can support many people.

Systemic toxicity with topical anesthetics is a high-risk complication that may occur with the use of anesthetics in various ways (oral, intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous). Topical anesthetics have been used in many clinical cases over the past 50 years. Its use is not limited to anesthesia or surgery and is widely used in emergency or internal medicine procedures. Despite its widespread use, many physicians are not aware of its harmful side and treatment of these side effects.  We have reported a 21-year-old woman with a history of suicide repeatedly who was ingested approximately 3 sprays of lidocaine orally and was admitted with intentional lidocaine intoxication. Patient has had Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 2 times and is discharged home after 10 days with good general condition.

Introduction: Given that lack of awareness about marriage and lack of sufficient information leads to the separation of couples, so the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the counseling pattern of divorce prevention on marital satisfaction in early marriages. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental and pre-test, posttest design with control and experimental groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of divorce applicants referring to the Mashhad judiciary. The sampling method was targeted and available according to the entry and exit criteria, including under 18 years of age. The statistical sample was 30 people who were randomly divided into 15 experimental and control groups. The research instruments consisted of a marital satisfaction questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire of demographic information. In order to analyze the data in the descriptive statistics section, the mean and standard deviation were used and in the inferential statistics section, analysis of covariance was used. The significance level was considered to be 0. 05. Version 24 SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Results: The research findings showed that the effect of pre-test on post-test is significant (F=92. 75, P≥ 0. 05) Also, after eliminating the effects of pretest, the differences due to group membership are significant (F=60. 83, P≥ 0. 05) considering that the effect of experimental action is 0. 62. There is a significant change in the control and experimental group. Conclusion: The couple's enjoyment of "premarital counseling" and "predivorce counseling" can play an important role in the success of a marriage. In other words, pre-divorce counseling can increase a couple's marital satisfaction.

Introduction: Having a sense of flying and earning a job, such as piloting, can be due to certain personality and emotional characteristics. The aim of this study was to compare personality traits and emotional intelligence high risk and low risk individuals. Materials and Methods: The research method was applied in terms of purpose and comparative in terms of methodology. The statistical population of this study included passenger pilots and helicopters working in airlines and military and law enforcement forces. The sample size in this study was determined for group’ s of up to 133 people. Sampling was performed in an accessible manner. The research tools were a neo-short personality questionnaire and a shot emotional intelligence. Results: According to the calculated t values and their significance level, the difference between the average helicopter pilots and passenger pilots is significant except for being open to experience in all aspects of personality (p≤ 0 / 005) and emotional intelligence (p≤ 0 / 001). Conclusion: Passenger pilots had more psychoanalysis, but extraversion, agreement, conscientiousness, and emotional intelligence of helicopter pilots were higher.

Introduction: Increased Mafa expression with increased insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and consequent improvement in glycemic profile in type 2 diabetic patients. This study aimed to determine the effect of resistance on Mafa expression in pancreas tissue, glucose and insulin in type 2 diabetes rats. Materials and Methods: The statistical population consisted of all male Wistar rats of the pastor inistitue of Iran, among which 14 were male rat 10 weeks old weighting 220 ± 20 g. Type 2 diabetes induced by Intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamid + STZ. Then rats divided randomly into resistance (6 weeks, 5 times/weekly, n=7) and control (n=7) groups. Fasting glucose, serum insulin and Mafa expression in Pancreas tissue of both groups were measured after lasted exercise and compared between 2 groups by independent T test. Results: Resistance training significantly reduced fasting glucose and significantly increased serum insulin levels compared with the control group. Resistance training also increased Mafa expression in pancreatic tissue( p>0/0001). Conclusion: Based on these data, increased serum insulin in response to resistance training in T2D rats may be attributed with increased Mafa expression in pancreas tissue.

Dysmenorrhea and pain and inflammation caused by it are one of the most common complaints and problems of female diseases worldwide in young girls. Scientific findings suggest that exercise and physical activity positively affects this problem. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate The effect of menstrual cycle on the body Image. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female clients of state-run sports clubs (fitness and aerobics) for women in Tehran. 450 individuals were randomly selected and answered to the questionnaire of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and body Image. All instruments had a satisfactory internal consistency. Data were analyzed using SPSS-23 software and structural equation modeling (SEM). The The results showed that body image and premenstrual syndrome symptoms were higher than the mean score of 5 at different weeks during the different weeks. Symptoms of PMS were greater in the fourth week than in the other weeks. The t-test at 0. 05 showed a significant positive effect between body image and the menstrual cycle in the third week. These concepts go beyond the theoretical perspective and warn club management that they send their message messages to women: more needs to be learned about the behavior of women; apparently pre-menstrual tension seems to affect their body Image.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a progressive disease that causes psychological problems such as decreased hope and pain management; The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment on hope and pain management in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods: In the present study, according to the type of data collection, semi-experimental designs were used. The design of this research was pretest-post-test designs with a control group. From the statistical population of patients with multiple sclerosis in Tehran, 28 people were selected by convenience sampling method who were randomly divided into two groups of 14 as experimental group and control group. Hope and pain management questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed by covariance test. Results: The results of covariance showed that the acceptance and commitment approach has a positive and significant effect on increasing hope and pain management in patients with multiple sclerosis (p <0. 001). Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment approach is effective on hope and pain management in patients with multiple sclerosis; Therefore, it is suggested to use the acceptance and commitment approach on multiple sclerosis patients.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the effect of social skills training through sand play and storytelling on reducing aggression in 5-6 year-old children with aggressive behaviors in Ahvaz. Methods: This study was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design (two experimental and one control group). The statistical population of this study consisted of all 5-6 year old kindergarten children in Ahvaz. The sample consisted of 75 participants (27 in the first experimental group, 23 in the second experimental group and 25 in the control group) who were randomly selected. The sandboxing method was provided for the first experimental group and 10 sessions of social skills training through storytelling for the second experimental group. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and post hoc tests, Results: The results showed that social skills training through sand play and storytelling had a significant effect on reducing aggression in students. Conclusion: The data also showed that storytelling training method was more effective in reducing verbal aggression in girls than boys, and sand play training method was more effective in reducing physical aggression in boys than in girls.

Introduction: Considering that physical activity and participation in sports play an important role in physical and mental health; Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between body image, self-efficacy and self-esteem in sports participation of physical education students of Lahijan Azad University. Methods: The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study was 492 students of the Department of Physical Education (Sports Sciences) of Lahijan Islamic Azad University in the academic year 2020-2021, of which 216 were selected by simple random sampling. In order to collect data, standard questionnaires of sports participation, body image, self-efficacy and selfesteem were used online. Data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling. Results: The results showed that body image directly plays a positive and significant role in the level of sports participation of physical education students (P≤ 0. 001). The mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between body image and sports participation was also confirmed. However, it was found that self-efficacy alone does not mediate the relationship between body image and sports participation (P≥ 0. 001). Of course, self-efficacy and self-esteem simultaneously mediate the relationship between body image and sports participation in a positive and meaningful way. Conclusion: It seems that paying attention to self-esteem and self-efficacy at the same time can help students who are concerned about their body image to participate more in sports activities.

Introduction: Research into the custody of children who have lost their guardian for a variety of reasons is ongoing; therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the standards and psychosocial issues of orphans in day care centers. Methods: This research is a descriptive and comparative causal research. The statistical population of the study included all orphans, which according to the statistics of the Welfare Organization was 22, 500 children. The statistical sample consisted of 360 orphans and 360 normal children were selected by cluster random sampling method. In this study, 5 standard questionnaires of Zonk Anxiety, Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem, Social Development and Ireland, Raven's IQ scale for children and adults and de Gaulle stress were selected, all of which had a Cronbach's alpha coefficient above 0. 7. Independent t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze the data to examine the mean differences. Results: The results showed that care centers for orphans in Iran do not fully comply with physical, spatial and educational standards and the distance between these centers and standards, especially in deprived central provinces is more visible in terms of educational and social variables and Psychological problems are more common in homeless children than in child-supported chil. Conclusion: Considering that the rate of social development of orphaned children is lower than their normal peers, it is recommended to design and form educational recreational camps similar to normal social life and hand over the management of these camps and to define the operational roles. Provide social conditions for these children to develop socially.

Introduction: MS is due to the loss of inflammatory myelin of the central nervous system that is able to walk, affect the quality of life; Thus, The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a walking exercise program with sensory cues on the duration of lower limb muscle activity in patients with MS. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental and the statistical population included all patients who were members of Zahedan MS Association, from which 28 volunteer patients (9 males and 19 females) with an age range of 25 to 45 years were selected. Experimental group exercises include; Walking with auditory weight signals and for the control group including; Walking was easy. Exercises were performed for six weeks, three sessions per week and each session lasted 30 minutes. Before and after exercise, duration of muscle activity; Hamsters and twins were measured by surface electromyography. Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis model and non-parametric bootstrap method in covariance analysis model. Results: The findings showed; Rhythmic sensory cues had a significant effect on the duration of hamstring and Gastrocnemius muscle activity in the stance phase (p <0. 05). also; Despite the lack of significant differences in the duration of hamstring and Gastrocnemius muscle activity between the experimental and control groups in the swing phase (p> 0. 05), improvement in the duration of hamstring muscle activity in the swing phase was observed. Conclusion: It can be said that walking exercise with auditory rhythmic cue can be suggested as a complementary treatment method to improve the duration of muscular activity and thus gait performance in patients with MS.