Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences
Year:2014 | Volume:4 | Issue:1 (6)|Papers Count:14

The present study was to theorize about the process of coping with sexual disorders leading to marital conflicts. The process of coping with sexual disorders leading to marital conflicts was examined with 12 couples based on grounded theory. The focus of the study was on the period from commencing of symptoms up to start of treatment. data were collected through semi-organized interviews and were analyzed through constant comparisons. It was recognized that problem solving skills was the main variable in the process of coping with sexual disorders leading to marital conflicts. The main variable consisted of two levels including ‘single-couple’ and ‘interactional’ and five main categories named as recognizing sexual disorder symptoms, personal assessment, self-attempt, threat feeling, consulting with others which ultimately led to searching help, consultation, and treatment. The preliminary individual decision to decrease the symptoms resulted in self-treatment which consequently defered the treatment period. Age, gender, education level, socio-economical status and pre-knowledge of disorders affected people’s decision making time. Individuals with sexual disorders defer the start of treatment and this can bring a family to separation. Couples should take pre-marriage counseling sessions in order to make decision for treatment at the right time when faced by sexual disorders.

The purpose of this research was to study the structural equation modeling of the relation between organizational support and readiness for establishing the suggestion system among University of Isfahan personnel. Statistical population of the study were all the personnel at University of Isfahan who were employed in 1388-89 consisting 884 personal from among which 196 employees were randomly selected as the statistical sample. Data was collected by using two questionnaires: 1) researchers made questionnaire for suggestion system consisting of 42 items for personal, managerial, structural, and cultural readiness; and 2) Eisenberg Organizational Support Questionnaire (1986). Reliabilities for both questionnaires were calculated using Chronbach coefficient and were 0.83 and 0.89 respectively. Research findings showed that organizational support has a direct effect on readiness establishing suggestion system (b=0.96), and organizational support has indirect effects on individual readiness of personnel (b=0.68), managerial readiness (b=0.81), structural readiness (b=0.80), and cultural readiness (b=0.78, p=0.0001). The finding from structural equation modeling revealed that there are significant effects between organizational support and readiness establishing suggestion system.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of transactional analysis training on married men referred to counseling and cultural centers of Isfahan. This is a semi-empirical study consisting of a pre-test and a post-test in which three groups including a control group were investigated. The research sample was randomly chosen from 114 applicants of group training who were assigned into three groups. The first group (15 couples) consisted of individuals who participated in the course along with their spouses; the second group (30 applicants) consisted of individuals who participated alone, without their spouses; and the third group (30 applicants) consisted of individuals as the control group. All the three groups were first tested by Oxford Happiness Inventory, as the pre-test. The first two groups were instructed group trainings of transactional behavior analysis in 10 sessions, and then the same test was given as the post-test. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference in general happiness between the experimental groups and the control group (p<.01). But there was no significant difference between the first and the second experimental groups (p<.01). It was concluded that group transactional analysis training is a useful tool for increasing the happiness of men with or without their wive’s participation in training.

In the modern and dynamic work environment that works are done in teams and flexibility of the environment has high importantance organizations need employees who possess suitable citizenship behavior. Importance and necessity of organizational citizenship behavior for effective organizations have long been understood by managers. But little research has been done about special factors that increase organizational citizenship behavior in different organizational environments. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of good temperament and quality of work life on organizational citizenship behavior at the University of Isfahan. Study population was all university staff and by using Cochran's formula the sample size was estimated to be 108. The Good Temperament Questionnaire (Barker and Coy, 2003) and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire (Organ, 1988) and Quality of Work Life Questionnaire (Walton, 1973) were used for collecting the data. After collecting data through using structural equation approach and Amos 18 software, four hypotheses was examined and tested. Findings showed that: 1) Good temperament has a positive effect on quality of work life. 2) Good temperament has a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. 3) Quality of work life has a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior and 4) Quality of work life has a mediator role in relation between the effect of good temperament on organizational citizenship behavior. According to the analysis of data, all study hypotheses were confirmed (p<.05).

This research was conducted with the purpose of studying the structural model of the relationships of psychological contract violation with organizational commitment, turnover, job satisfaction and deviant behaviors. Research method was correlation and the statistical population were male employees of an industrial company in Shiraz city, from among which 300 employees were selected using convenience sampling. Assessment instruments consisted of Psychological Contract Violation Questionnaire (Tekleab etal, 2005), Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (Speier & Vankatesh, 2002), Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (Spector, 1985), Turnover Questionnaire (Tekleab etal, 2005) and Deviant Behavior Questionnaire (Bennett & Robinson, 2000). Data was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, structure equation modeling (SEM) and mediation analysis. Findings showed that psychological contract violation explained 7.1 percent of organizational commitment variance, organizational commitment and job satisfaction explained 16.7 percent of turnover variance, organizational commitment explained 20.3 percent of job satisfaction variance and turnover explained 4.3 percent of deviant behavior variance. Mediation analysis showed that organizational commitment played the complete mediator variable in the relation of psychological contract violation with job satisfaction and job satisfaction was the partial mediator variable in the relation of organizational commitment with turnover. Finally with regard to the limitation of generalization of current research results it is suggested to industrial organizations that they should not violate their obligations to employees in anyway.

Marital disaffection is the gradual loss of an emotional attachment, including a decline in caring about the partner, an emotional estrangement, and an increasing sense of apathy and indifference toward one’s partner. The aim of this research was to determine the relation between personality characteristics, general health and marital disaffection. The research procedure was correlational. The populations were consisted of all couples in Isfahan (1388) with the age of marriage being at least three years. Subjects were 200 couples (100 male and 100 female) who were randomly selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Research hypotheses were that personality characteristics, general health and contextual factors predict marital disaffection. The measures were comprised of Marital Disaffection Scale, Big-Five Factor Questionnaire (short form), General Health Questionnaire and Contextual Factors Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using pearson correlation method and step by step regression analysis. The results showed that there were significant relationships between marital disaffection and personality characteristics in subscales of extroversion and agreeableness and general health in the subscale of anxiety. Also there were significant relationships between marital disaffection and contextual factors in subscales of marriage duration and economical status. Finally with regard to the results some suggestions for decreasing of couple's marital disaffection were made.

The present study aimed to examine the role of social and psychological factors in students’ interest in scientific Olympiads with emphasis on self-efficacy construct. To investigate the relationship, views from Eccles, Bandura, Hidi, Renninger, Chiu, and Urban were used in the study. This research was carried out through a survey using questionnaires distributed among students from Osku city in the academic year of 1389-90. Stratified samplings were used. 335 subjects were selected as the sample. To measure interest, self-efficacy, family and personal characteristics, questionnaires were used. The research findings were processed using different statistical methods. The findings showed that self-efficacy significantly predicted interest (p<0.01). Value, cultural capital, caring as well as past success and failure predicted self-efficacy. (p<.01)

Mindfulness is defined as paying attention ability on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between mindfulness and big five factors of personality. In a correlational study, 304 (135 male and 169 female) student of Shahid Beheshti Universitiy were selected by convenient sampling method. Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the short form of NEO questionnaire (NEO-FFI) were used as the research tools. Data were analyzed through Pearson correlation and stepwise regressions. The results of Pearson correlation showed that mindfulness is positively correlated with extraversion, openness and conscientiousness and negatively correlated with neuroticisms (P<0.001). The results of stepwise regressions indicated predictive role of neuroticism, openness, extraversion, and conscientiousness factors in mindfulness ability of participants. According to the results of present study, these four factors of personality are significant predictors of mindfulness ability of participants. The results of this study were discussed toward the better understanding of mindfulness construct.

This study aimed at investigating the relationship of corporate and brand images, quality of services, and customer satisfaction with customer's loyalty in banking industry in Meybod. Data was collected through questionnaires from 180 customers of six banks. Measurement tools were Loyalty Scale, Corporate Image Scale, Brand Image Scale, Customer Satisfaction Scale and Service Quality Scale. The results of correlation and regression analysis indicated that positive relationships exist between loyalty and the following variables: corporate and brand images, quality of services and customer satisfaction (p£0.008). Also satisfaction was the most powerful predictor of loyalty and addition of corporate image and service quality significantly increased prediction of loyalty (p<0.01). Brand image and age could not predict loyalty and were not entered into analysis.

The aim of this research was to compare psychological indicators of broken heart syndrome patients, coronary heart disease patients and healthy subjects. The samples consisted of three groups: diagnosed Broken Heart Syndrome group (60), diagnosed Coronary Heart group (60) and healthy group (60) who were randomly selected. The subjects answered the questionnaires Symptom Checklist 90 and Broken Heart Syndrome Checklist. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there was significant differences between the means of psychoticism (p<0.01), aggression and phobia (p<0.05) among the three groups. In other words, these three traits were higher in the BHS (Broken Heart Syndrome) group than in coronary heart disease and healthy groups.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of sandplay therapy on cognitive development of educable mentally disabled children. The statistical population of this study included all children with educable mental disability in preschool and children in grades 1, 2, 3 in city of Isfahan. The sample included 32 children (16 boys and 16 girls) who were randomly selected from 2 schools. Then they were randomaly assigned to 2 groups: the experimental and control groups. The material used in this research was: Kay Cognitive Diagnostic Test. A pretest was administered to both the experimental and control groups. Then sandplay therapy employed on experimental group. There post test was administered to both groups at the end of the training. The results analysis of covariance show that sandplay therapy significantly increased cognitive development among the experimental group as compared to the experimental group. The results also showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of Kay Cognitive Diagnostic Test of cognitive development in the experimental and the control group in the post test (P<0.001), and that sand play therapy intervention had a significant effect on conceptualization, symbolic thinking, social cognition, visuo_motor perception, attention span and mental_motor speed development (P<0.001).

Since self-regulation is important for development of cognitive and social skills in children and the role of gender differences in the relation is notable, this study was conducted for this purpose. Initially, 40 children (20 girls and 20 boys) from two pre-schools of Meybod city were randomly chosen and assigned to two experimental and control groups. After performing Wally Child Social Problem-Solving Detective Game Test (WCSPD) as the pre-test on all the children, a self-regulation training program was taught for 20 hours over a month to the experimental group with techniques of play and story therapy. Wally Child Social Problem-Solving Detective Game Test was then used as the post-test measure. The results of analysis of covariance showed that the difference between the means of the two groups was significant (p<0.0001), that is, the training group did better but the difference between the means of boys and girls in social problem solving was not significant. It was suggested that self-regulatory training during childhood be provided for both boys and girls to promote their social problem solving skills.

The present study aimed to investigate the predictability of five factor personality traits by adult attachment styles. The statistical sample of this research included 240 students studying at University of Hormozgan during the educational year 2011-2012 who were selected using availability sampling from among all students and responded to two questionnaires: Relationships Scales Questionnaire (RSQ) and the Five Factor Personality Traits Questionnaire (NEO). The results of the regression analysis showed that secure attachment style can predict neuroticism inversely, while positively predicting extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Preoccupied attachment style also plays a role in predicting agreeableness inversely. In addition, conscientiousness is directly predicted by fearful attachment style and reversely by negating attachment style (P<0.001).

Mental health has always been an important topic in psychology. The aim of this research was to improve general health of volunteer addicts. The population of this study was self healing addicts. The subjects were volunteers who were refered to one of the centers of Mashhad Welfare Organization for outpatient addiction treatment. Based on their scores on GHQ (score 23 and above) 40 subjects were selected and then were randomly placed into two experimental and control groups (each group: 20 subjects). All the subjects completed the questionnaire again at the end of training for 10 sessions of 90 minutes each (pre-test) and again two months later (follow-up). The results of repeated analysis of variance showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy had a significant positive effect on general health, somatization, anxiety, social dysfunction and depression in volunteer self healing addicts (p<0.01) The results of the post hoc test (LSD) showed that the effect of intervention was stable at the follow-up (p<0.01). It seems that the use of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was effective for self healing addicts because it significantly increased general health of addicts.