Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences
Year:2017 | Volume:7 | Issue:1 (12) |Papers Count:7

Attribution styles is considered one of the most important factors affecting the psychological and educatioal performance of students. The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of achievement goals in predicting test anxiety on the basis of attribution styles. Therefore 259 undergraduate students at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad were randomly selected and asked to answer the item of Attribution Style, Achievement Goals, and Test Anxiety Qustionnaires. The data obtained were analyzed by software SPSS20 and LISREL8.53. The results of path analysis showed that achievement goals had a direct effect on test anxiety and also mediated the effect of positive attributional biases on test anxiety indirectly. It was concluded that achievement goals is an important variable that directly and indirectly affect test anxiety in students. This has important implications for educators and students.

In recent years the topic of entrepreneurship has become a major focus in the social sciences, with renewed interest in the links between personality and entrepreneurship. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior, the role of motivational factors (i.e., attitudes toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control) and entrepreneurial personality (Big Five profile) in shaping entrepreneurial intentions was investigated. Focusing on agricultural students’ entrepreneurial intentions, entrepreneurial personality as a distal variable in the TPB model was studied. According to a table developed by Bartlett et al., a sample of 300 undergraduate students was chosen through random stratified sampling method. Data was collected using a questionnaire survey. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that entrepreneurial intentions were predicted by attitude towards entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control (P<0.01). Moreover, entrepreneurial personality profile was positively related to attitude towards entrepreneurship (P<0.05) and perceived behavioral control (P<0.01). Findings of structural equation modeling further revealed indirect effects via attitude towards entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control (i.e., mediation effects). The results highlight the importance of personality approach in entrepreneurship research and support the idea that personality effects on entrepreneurial outcomes are mediated by more proximal factors such as perceived behavioral control.

The aim of present research was to compare attribution styles and belief to just world in extraversion, neuroticism and normal people. For this purpose three groups include extraverted, neurotic and normal were selected by simple random sampling method from Semnan University students and answered to attribution styles questionnaire, belief in a just world for self and others and NEO-FFI. Data was analyzed with multivariate analysis of variance. Findings indicated that there are significant difference in internal negative, internal positive and total positive attribution styles among normal and neuroticism. Also findings showed that there are significant differences in internal positive, stable positive, general positive and total positive attribution styles among extraverted and neurotic individuals. About belief in a just world (for self and others), there was significant differences between groups. According to findings, it can be concluded that people of groups tend to use different attribution styles and show different rate of belief in a just world and in this way are adjustment with their life events.

Individuals’ intent to drug abuse, at least in the first time, is influenced by their attitude to drugs. Attitude amendment, especially in the young ages, is one of the well-known preventive strategies from addiction. Present study examined the effects of four methods of prevention (training by life skills, films, posters & catalogs, and sending short messages) on changing attitude towards drug abuse and mental health among high school boys in Charmahal & Bakhtyari province. This research was a Quasi-experimental in which four ratremirepxe groups included Training by life skills, films, posters, catalogs and sending short messages and a control group were compared. About 511 students were selected of 4 training zones by a randomly multistage cluster sampling. Data analyzed by ANCOVA. Findings showed that Training by life skills and films among preventive methods had significant effects on young’s attitude towards addiction (p<0.05) compared to training by posters, catalogs and sending short messages by cell phone (p>0.05).Training by life skills and filmsalso had an effect onmental health promotion (p>0.05). It is suggested that all of education centers for Changing students' attitude towards drug abuse and mental health promotion, use active methods like life skills and showing films and observation.

The purpose of the present research was to make a comparison on self- perception and School relationships between students with specific learning disorders and normal students. Samples of this research included 80 second grade guidance school students who were selected using the multi- staged and cluster-random method in city of Ardabil. In order to gather data self-concept scale, school Relations Scale, Revens Intelligence Test, and the author self-composed tests for reading, writing and math evaluation were used. The results of MANCOVA, indicated that School Relations Mean scores were higher in normal students than students with learning disorder (p<0.05). Also, results showed that self-perception and its components’s mean scores (academic competence, social acceptance, sports competency, behavioral conduct, physical appearance and their overall value) was lower in students with learning disorder than normal students (p<0.05). These findings have important implications in educating and consulting services for students.

The goal of this study was to investigate the relation between internet addiction, the amount of using online messaging and misuse of internet as a factor of divorcing between divorced couples and those who are on the verge of divorce in Esfahan. The method of this study was descriptive study of correlational type. The study was conducted on all divorced couples and those who are on the verge of divorce in counseling centers because of problems due to internet (internet addiction and online infidelity) in the spring of 1395. The sampling method was purposive. Tools were used in questionnaire research: internet addiction (Young, 1998) and online infidelity (Aldge, 2009). The logestic regresstion and ANOVA was used to analysis data. The results showed that there is a significant relation between internet addiction and couples on the verge of divorce and divorced couples (p˂0.5). Also the internet addiction can be predictor of divorce in young couples. But there is no significant relation between the amount of using online messaging, online infidelity and divorce between couples on the verge of divorce and divorced couples (p˃0.5). This study did not find any relationship between demographic factors and divorce. Internet addiction can cause infidelity and subsequently divorce in couples.

The purpose of study is to examine the structural model of personality traits on organizational citizenship behavior with mediation role of interactional Justice and work locus of control among employees. The method used in this study was a descriptive and causal relationship. The population was 888 staffʼs employees of Isfahan`s education organization, also 265 of them selected based on Cohen et alʼformula and Stratified random sampling. The organizational citizenship behavior Scale was measured with interactional justice, also Work Locus of Control and personality traits. The Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation model were used. Findings showed that openness to experience, agreeableness, neuroticism and extraversion with organizational citizenship behavior indirect effect (p≤0.001) also conscientiousness had not any effect on OCB(p≤0.001) and in addition results Based on calculating GFI, AGF, CFI, RMSEA, the structural equation model has appropriate goodness-of-fit. Also Work Locus of Control and intractional justice can be mediating in relation between personality and OCB.