JOURNAL OF SPORT BIOSCIENCE RESEARCHES
Year:2013 | Volume:3 | Issue:9|Papers Count:8

The aim of this research was to study the effects of eight-weeks local rhythmic trainings on the dynamic balance of mentally disabled elementary female students. For this purpose, 20 accessible mentally disabled students were studied in two control and experimental groups. The duration of experimental work was three sessions per week throughout eight weeks, which was composed of 45-60 second rhythmic training in ILAM. The subject's dynamic balance was evaluated by Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) at pre and post test. The results of dependent T-test indicated a significant progress in both groups (p=.000) but the differences between groups were not statistically significant (p=.859). Based on these results, although elementary level is an appropriate period for balance function growth, the participants in the local rhythmic trainings were not able to use such a potential.

The present research aims at examining the present safety status of sports complexes in Markazi Province (Islamic Azad universities district 5 and sport venues of Physical Education Organization in Markazi province) in comparison to optimal situation, and presenting a safety model. In this research, the analytic-descriptive method was used and data collection was through a research-made questionnaire. The research sample included all sporting venues in Markazi Province such as sport of Physical Education Organization, sport venues in District 5, directors and physical education specialists. In sum, there were 40 participants and 137 sports venues in various organizations in the cities of Markazi province and 13 sports venues in the universities located in District 5. In total, 20 sports complexes of the Physical Education Organization and 8 sports complex of the Islamic Azad universities in District 5 were chosen as sample. All directors and physical education specialists from Physical Education Organization and District 5 were selected as the sample. Chi-square and T-test were used for hypotheses testing. The research data analysis shows that safety standards are not followed in sports venues in District 5 and Markazi province as a whole in terms of some variables such as fire extinguishing system, and also fire-proof standards, the respondents report that the status is very undesirable. Regarding the facilities and equipment needed for disable persons, respondents indicate that the sport facilities of Markazi province and Islamic Azad universities are very undesirable. The results reveal that most universities do not seek the suggestions of experts in Physical Education Organization for construction of sport venues. The results of analysis show that there is a significant difference between the optimal status and the available status of sport venues in Islamic Azad Universities and at the provincial level. In other words, the respondents highlight the inappropriateness of the present situation in such sport venues.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of respiratory muscle training on ventilatory function in swimmers. For this purpose 16 members from the team of Kermanshah city were selected and were randomly divided into two IMT and sham IMT groups. Measures of ventilatory function of all swimmers were assessed from the beginning to the end of the 8 weeks study period. T-test used for data analyzing by spss software (p<0.05). The result showed that there were no significant differences in pulmonary function between the groups (sham IMT and IMT) at baseline and at the end of the 8 week study period. Training utilized a hand-held pressure threshold device and consisted of 30 repetitions per day, for 3 days per week. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that there are no appreciable differences in terms of respiratory changes between elite swimmers undergoing a competitive sham IMT program and those undergoing IMT training. The causal mechanisms involved are not known.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 24 hours sleep deprivation on serum IgG concentration. Therefore 10 male physical education students from the age of 21 to 24 years old and mean body mass index 22.22 kg m2 volunteered to participate in this study. In the first day, the subjects wake up after normal sleep at 7:30 am, the first blood sample was taken at 8 am. Then they were deprived of sleep until 7:30 am in the next day, the second blood sample was taken after 24 hours of sleep deprivation at 8 am in the next day. Changes in serum IgG concentration in pre-test and post-test were analyzed by dependent t-test using spss software. The results showed that 24 hours of sleep deprivation caused a significant increase in serum IgG concentration (p=0.035). This study concluded that sleep deprivation causes a significant increase in serum IgG concentration and will increase the stress on immune system.

Pregnancy, with making special physical and mental changes in females’ life, not only can affect their perception of life's quality but also complicates performance of routine activities. It is recommended that the pregnant women to be encouraged to participate in regular physical trainings with appropriate intensity which is found to be safe and efficient during the pregnancy. This study is intended to consider the effect of 8 weeks water aerobic trainings on pregnant women's’ quality of life and beta endorphin levels. For this purpose, 24 volunteer pregnant women from the age of 24 to 30 years old were divided randomly into two control and experimental groups. After filling the quality of life-questionnaire and collecting blood samples for beta endorphin levels evaluation, experimental groups did their water aerobic trainings with the intensity of 60 to 70 percent of maximal oxygen consumption, 3 sessions per week during the 8 weeks. The investigation of beta endorphin hormone change in experimental groups indicates a significant 49.03 percent increase. The overall quality of life scale of pregnant women also significantly improved with 8 weeks of water aerobic trainings (P=.001). Thus, it is assumed that the water aerobic trainings is one of available sources for women through which they can acquire a better and suitable quality of life during the pregnancy.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of variable practice and rate of practice trials on acquiring, learning and transferring of volleyball service in children. Forty students (11.2 y) were assigned randomly in two similar variable and constant practice groups. During the practice phase, each participant in both groups completed 450 trials. After each 150 trials one retention and one transfer test conducted. Data analyses were conducted with t-test and ANOVA. The results indicated that increasing the number of trials in acquisition gives rise to learning in both retention and transfer stages (p=0.001). But the effect of practice type in retention stage was not seen (p=0.19), while in the transfer test was (p=0.004). The present research suggests that when the aim is acquiring the pattern of skill the constant practice is more effective, because the increase of exercise (increasing the number of trials in acquisition phase), will result in more differences between two groups. But when the practice scheduling aimed at parameterization, the variable practice was useful.

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has received considerable attention in recent years. It has been studied as behavioral outcome of employee' motivation in organizations. However, the present study sought the relationship between employee' work conscience with OCB. For this purpose 267 physical education teachers responded to Costa & Mcrae work conscience (1992) and Podsakof's OCB (1990) questionnaires. Data was analyzed by using Pearson's correlation and independent “t” tests. The results of the study showed significant positive relationship between employees' work conscience with OCB and its subscales. No differences were found between male and female teachers regarding work conscience & OCB. From the study of literature its revealed that employee work conscience is essential to behavior in boosting up organizational citizenship performance and high quality of services as well as inducing and maintaining high level of motivation in employees.

The purpose of this research was to study the growth status of balance of low vision children and blind children through comparing them with their healthy counterparts. The participants in this descriptive–comparative research were students of 8 to 12 years old from both public and special schools in the city of Kermanshah. 65 student were randomly selected as the healthy group, while 30 volunteer student with sharpness of vision between 0.05 to 0.4 Diopter at the superior eye, as the group of children with low vision from special and public schools, and 16 volunteer student with sharpness maximum of vision 0.04 Diopter at the superior eye, as the group of blind children from special schools, were selected. Romberg test was used to measure static balance, and Balance board was used to measure dynamic balance. The data was analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey tests at the significant level of p£%5. Statistical results showed that there was a significant difference between the balance capabilities at these children, and the healthy children were in better situation. The results of this research with dual effect of positive and negative of defect in the body are consistent. The research indicates the importance of the visual system in receiving data from the environment and role of compensatory and correctional mechanism among blind and low vision children in order to compensate of visual defects via using the other senses.