POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS
Year:2012 | Volume:1 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

In order to evaluate the effect of medicinal plant essential oils on postharvest life of Valencia orange, replace an experiment in completely randomized design (CRD) with 15 treatments and 4 replications replace. After wounding the fruit peel, the fruits sprayed by mixture of green (Pencillium digitatum) and blue (P. italicum) mold spores, the inoculated fruits were dipped in essences of Garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Savory (Satureja montana) and Clove tree (Syzygium aromaticum) at 250, 500 and 750 mlL-1 concentrations for 5 min. Each fruit was separately packaged in plastic bag and was stored in common storage (75-85% RH و 18±3o C) for 60 days. Treated fruits replace with control (without wounding and washing), washed fruits (without wounding) and the wounded fruits (washed) replace. Means comparisons showed that the highest decay percent relating to Clove treatment at 500 mlL-1 and the lowest in control treatments without wounding with washing, which had no significant difference to Garden Thyme 750, Cumin 250 and Savory 500 and 750 mlL-1. There was no significant difference between treatments in viewpoint of loss percentage of vitamin C, total acid and TSS but in relation to enhancement percentage of pH, weight loss percent and weighing or numbering percent of decay according to the obtained results, we could be recommended that to the obtained results can be recommended Cumin 250 mlL-1 and Savory 500 and 750 mlL-1 were considered as the best treatments.

Nutritional competition and parasitism of four isolates of Trichoderma harzianum (1, 2, 3, 4) and one isolete of Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma koningii were studied against Fusarium solani the causal agent of potato dry rot . In dual culture, isolates of T. harzianum3, T. longibrachiatum, T. virens and T. koningii were able inhibit the mycelial growth of F. solani. T. longibrachiatum had the highest percent of growth inhibition (41.18, 62.5 & 82.35%) at three times interval. In microscopic investigation of dual region of Trichoderma isolates and F. solani observed hyphal contact and hyphal coiling of Trichoderma spp. and lysis of hyphal of pathogen and T. harzianum (1, 2 & 4) and T. koningii penetrated in hyphal pathogen and hyphal fragmentation of F. solani observed by these antagonists.

In order to evaluate the storage capability of some short-day onion cultivars, an experiment was conducted in completely randomized design as split plot in time at Agricultural Research Station of Minab. Main plot was allocated to onion cultivars including Baluchestani, Primavera, Savana sweet, Early white and Jaguar and sub plot to time of sampling. For this purpose were kept 10 kg of harvested bulbs from these cultivars in ambient storage within plastic nettings. During three months, with 10 days intervales, the stored bulbs were weighed and the decayed bulbs were counted and finally decay percent and weight loss percent were calculated over time. Also in the end of storing period, bulb firmness was measured. From total results inferred that Jaguar cultivar was better than other cultivars in viewpoint of decay percent and weight loss percent although had no significant difference compared to Baluchestani and Early white cultivars. Baluchestani cultivar was better than other cultivars in relation to firmness, which did not show any significant difference with early white cultivar. Baluchestani cultivar had good storing properties at conditions of this study and regarding to the low seed price is suitable cultivar for cultivation in Minab region and has good potential for storing.

In order to increase the vase life of cut flowers tuberose (Polianthes tuberose L. cv. Pearl), a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted during 2013 in Yasuj city. Factors, including eucalyptus essential oils in five levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mgl-1) and sucrose levels (0, 2 and 4%), recpectively. Indicators such as vase life, water uptake, relative fresh weight, percentage of weight loss and the number of open florets were evaluated. Based on results analysis of variance table, eucalyptus essential oil treatment had the significant difference at (≥0.01) on vase life, weight loss, solution uptake and opened florets. Results of means comparison showed that there were significant differences between the different levels of treatment on vase life, so that maximum vase life (7.22 days) related  to treatment with 75 mgl-1 of essential oil of eucalyptus and (6.93 days) with 2% sucrose and minimum vase life was observed in the control treatment was observed. Also the results showed that the greatest amount of water uptake was in the eucalyptus treatment are 25 mgl-1 and 4% sucrose. According to results of this research for improving the vase life, the application of eucalyptus treatment (50 mgl-1) and sucrose (4%) treatment of tuberose was recommended.

Japanese loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) is one of the evergreen fruit trees in tropical and subtropical regions, which despite having a rich source of antioxidant, vitamins and minerals, existence of large seed and small fruit size, have reduced demand for its use. In order to, increase quality and quantity of loquat fruits by using Gibberelic acid (GA3) (0, 50 and 100 mgL-1) as well as horticultural techniques such as girdling and topping and their combinative treatments, an experiment was conducted as factorial arrangement based on in randomized complete block design in Jahrom Township in 2012. The fruits were harvested in the early ripening stage and transport to laboratory. The traits of single fruit weight, seed weight, pulp weight, total soluble solid (TSS), vitamin C, pH, total acid (TA) and TSS/TA ratio then were measured. Based on the analysis of variance results, girdling and topping treatments had significant influence (p<0.01) on the all traits except pulp/seed ratio. Application of 50 and 100 mgL-1 GA3 also had significant influence (p<0.01) on the evaluated traits. Generally, according to the obtained results application of 50 mgL-1 GA3 after fruit set stage achieved the best result in enhancement of quality and quantity of fruits.

In order to improv qualitative and quantitative properties and vase life of rose cv Dolcvita, an experiment was conducted in the randomized complete block design with ten treatments, three replications and two observation each replication. Treatments were considered as control, Spermidin (Spd) (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM) CaSo4 (2.5 and 5 mM) and combination of CaSo4 and Spd. In addition traits such as vase life, Acc synthesis, chlorophyllase, Mg-dechelatase and Malondialdehyde were measured. Results showed that activity rate of Acc synthesis, chlorophyllase, Mg-dechelatase and Malondialdehyde were decreased in treated plants with Spd+CaSo4. It should be noted that the highest vase life was regarding in plant treated with Spd+CaSo4.

In this research antifungal effects of 6 medicinal plant essence, salvia verticilata, Melissa officinalis, Deracocephalum kotschyi, Peroveskia abrotanoides, Zizophora clinopodioides and Origanum vulgar on growth of post harvest disease agents of grape in north khorassan were studied. Samples were collected from cold rooms and grape gardens in 2011 and 2012 according to symptoms of post harvest disease. The main isolated fungi were some species of Alternaria, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Botrytis genus. Experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with three replications. Essential oils were extracted from All parts of dried medicinal plants and were diluted by Tween 80 to a ratio of one to one. Comparison of means by Duncan's test showed that all the oils at concentrations of 200 and 300 micro-liters per 100 ml of culture medium caused a significant inhibition of the growth of all fungi. Origanum vulgar essential oil caused the most inhibition of post harvest disease fungi growth as the most average growth of fungi happened in Zero concentration and the Lowest growth was observed in concentrations of 200 and 300 micro-liters essential oil of Origanum vulgar per 100 ml of medium. On the other hand Ziziphora had the lowest growth in above concentration Results of Interaction experiment of essential oils against fungi species showed that Origanum vulgar had the most inhibition effect on Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium solitum, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium citrinum and Alternaria alternata; However Melissa officinalis had the most inhibition effect on Botrytis cinerea. Most of the colonies as the most effective essential oil Tasyrbrqtr Marzan pimple fungus Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium solitum, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium citrinum and Alternaria alternata; Vasans Melissa officinalis is the fungus Botrytis cinerea.

In order to evaluate the effect of medicinal plant essence and comparison their effects to chemical fungicides for rising postharvest life of mango (Mangifera indica c.v Langra), an experiment was performed in completely randomized design (CRD) with 14 treatments and 10 replicates. The treatments were consist: control (without treatment), dipping in Putrescine 1 Mm (1, 3 and 6 mmol for 2 min), the essence of Indian Clove and Rosemary (500, 750 and 1000 mg/l) and warm water 54 oC and thiabendazole fungicide (0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mg/l for 3-5 min). The fruits then stored in a refrigerator with 10 oC and 85-90% relative humidity. Weight loss percent, loss firmness percent, increasing vitamin C percent, loss total acid percent, increasing total soluble solid (TSS) percent and increasing pH percent were measured 30 days after storing. Result showed that the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of mango c.v Langra are influenced by the treatment type. According to the results, the least weight loss percent was observed in Indian clove 750 mg/l. Treatment type had significant influence on firmness loss so that the least amount of its was in rosemary 500 mg/l. The highest increasing amount of TSS was in hot water treatment and the least in 6 mmol Putrescine. The greatest increasing vitamin C was observed in rosemary treatment.