RESEARCHES ON TRANSLATION IN ARABIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
Year:2017 | Volume:7 | Issue:16 |Papers Count:7

The common meaning or synonym is one of the most frequent meaning relations in Quran discourse which has been considered in the contemporary semantics. This semantic pattern that considers conceptual expanse of a word composed of smaller components yclept semantic components and by analysis components explains the similarities and differences between connected words charged the retribution role in making clear synonymous. Hence, this study has tried to examine the semantic features of a synonym to reflect the concrete, common, different meanings of words. First, some synonyms were chosen randomly from types of words (Nouns and verbs); then their main sense making components were determined through the etymology and pragmatics of each of them in Quran. Investigations showed that in the Quran, the choice of a particular term among the same words is based on the linguistic environment and also in some cases based on the textual context of the text. Each texture requires a combination of certain components that these components only have in one of the related terms; hence, the displacement of the words cannot be the same; this will lead to a deviation from the intended meaning.

This research, with the analytical-descriptive approach, examines the most important challenges in finding equivalents in the area of translation of the multilingual terminology dictionaries. Examination of these challenges has been achieved through translation of the multilingual terminology lexicon: A Dictionary of the Economic and Financial Terms (French – English – Arabic) by Mustafa Henni. The challenges in this research have been divided into two parts: Specialized and general. Specific challenges and damages, which are specially related to the translation of multilingual terminology dictionaries include “inconsistencies in translation and the problems encountered by the Persian translator in finding the proper equivalents”, “differences in provision of the terms from the source language”,” incongruity in providing equivalents of vocabularies and idioms among different languages” and finally, “finding the precise equivalents and translation of abbreviations.” The general challenges which are common in various multilingual texts, especially financial and economic, consist of “finding equivalents in the translation of specialized texts” and “having familiarity with the content source language when choosing suitable equivalents.” The writers in the process of studying these challenges, while citing numerous examples to explain the problems, have provided practical solutions for removing of the specified issues, and promotion of the level of multilingual translation in Iran.

Many translation theoreticians strongly support the role of collocations in translation and therefore have focused on this linguistic phenomenon in part of their studies. Nevertheless, in the realms of the Quran, this issue has been neglected and encounters a significant number of challenges. The present study, on the basis of Newmark, Beeker, and Larson’s point-of-view on the one hand, and the translations of the Holy Quran on the other hand, has presented a new categorization of translation obstacles in Quranic collocations, which is free from its syntactic classifications; and by extracting evidence from ten contemporary translations of Quran this study suggests solutions to this problem. The statistical sample of this research includes one hundred Quranic collocations chosen on account of their frequency in Quran, some of which are analyzed and discussed in the present article. The five challenges in the translation of Quranic collocations encountered by the translators include: misunderstanding of collocations, the difference between correctness and naturalness in Persian equivalents, different order of collocation placement between the source and the target languages, observing equivalence unity, assimilation and accordance between equivalents, and unified translation of various collocations in the Holy Quran. With regard to these challenges and the recommended solutions by the researcher, it is possible to provide a more eloquent and comprehensible translation of the Holy Quran.

Different patterns and models provided by translation theorists in this area are used as a suitable measure and with a more precise function for measuring translations. The degree of acceptance of translation from a literary work is when it is determined that it has been criticized according to these patterns and models in order to reveal the pros and cons of translation. Therefore, in this paper, based on the proposed model of Garses, the translation of the three parts of the novel Allyl's novel Nejib Mahfouz, under the name of the Midnight of Kazem Al-Yasin, with regard to the original text of the novel, is to examine and analyze the framework of the text of the translation, According to the above pattern. The Garses model consists of four levels of semantic - lexical, syntactic - semantic, discursive-functional, cognitive (practical), and sub-sets of each level. In other words, his translation is necessary in this regard, so that two levels of discursive-functional and light-textual-is only acceptable and not sufficient.

One of the issues that always have been considered by the various texts Analysts in the Linguistics-based text is cohesion and coordination coherence in the text. In this study, based on systematic and evolved theory of Halliday and Hasan (1985), and the coordination of coherence that Roqiyeh Hassan (1984) suggested, Coordination of coherence in Surah Al-Alaq and its Persian translation of Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel, Arbitrarily, selective and inductive be evaluated with Analytical - descriptive and statistical method. The writers come up with a comprehensive approach, and according to the text with confidence in this theory, factors cohesion, coordinated coherence and the amount of this cohesion, as well as chain elements, engage it determined in the context of Sura Al-Alaq and its Persian translation. Then compared both the source and destination to each other. Research results indicate that despite differences in grammatical and lexical elements of texts origin and destination, both text and has a high percentage of text cohesion, And due to the high percentage of similarity to the source text in the target text In practice the way of integrity, respected translator has been able to reflect on the meanings and concepts translate to a large extent be successful and to attract the attention of audience satisfaction.

Iranians do not see the Arabic as a foreign language due to a profound belief in Islam and therefore do not resist Arabic words particularly those with religious identity. Such words have entered Persian language and over many years have changed semantically. The semantically changed Arabic words in Persian have challenged the translators so much so that a translator who is translating from Persian into Arabic cannot be sure if an Arabic word, which is being used in Persian, has the same meaning in Arabic or not. The relation between Arabs and Persians was temporarily ended or had its ebbs and flows. Such instability in relations between two languages have rendered some Arabic words in the Persian language obsolete and have changed some others semantically, i.e., their meaning has changed. This has posed some difficulties for Arabic - Persian translation because the meaning of some Arabic words used in Persian is entirely different from those of the very same words when used in Arabic. Changes in language and semantic changes of words in a language are totally natural. Only the linguists and translators should be aware of such changes. The present paper, firstly, deals with the semantic changes of Arabic words in Persian. Next, categorizes these words into ten groups according to their Arabic forms and meanings and finally addresses the challenges they pose to translators through providing examples.

Translation evaluation is one of the methods of criticism that is used to determine the quality level of translated texts. Usually, after the texts have been translated, the editors are evaluating the translated texts. Therefore, the translator of translated texts must have sufficient control in both the source and the target languages so that in addition to editing the target text being able to evaluate it in terms of equivalence. In this research, we are trying to find out, based on the model of the evaluation of the translation of Mrs. Carmen Garces which is designed to assess the translation of literary texts in four levels (lexical, grammatical, discourse, and stylistic) using descriptive and analytical method; we will assess Arabic translation of the message of the leader of the revolution to the pilgrims of Hajj. One of the findings of this paper is that cultural differences between Farsi and Arabic languages and finding appropriate synonyms at vocabulary, and grammatical level based on these differences represent one of the most important challenges in the translation process.Similarly, examples such as adaptation, equivalents, an extension of vocabulary in the target language and using proper and general vocabulary, susceptibility from colloquial language are among most important challenges in this context.