RESEARCHES ON TRANSLATION IN ARABIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
Year:2017 | Volume:6 | Issue:15 |Papers Count:7

Jean-Rene Ladmiral, a well-known French theorist, considers components to face translation problems which should be announced and respected by the translator. This target-oriented theorist believes that limiting translation to simple encoding is not correct and paraphrasing should accompany translation. In this case, the translator will produce meaning or new creation. The following query by the use of descriptive-analytical method tries to review the translation of Tasouji from basic story of "Thousand and One Nights" according to the applicable theory of Ladmiral that will evaluate translator's performance in the translation of source text. By accepting this principle that the most suitable method for translating the book of "Thousand and One Nights" is target-oriented and free one that pays attention to the meaning and sense rather than vocabularies and phrases, Writers of this article consider Ladmiral theory as the most congruous theory with this principle. Therefore, they have used Ladmiral nominated components as the basic standard to review and evaluate Strengths and weaknesses of Tasouji Translation. The result of the study indicates that Tasouji translation has considerable alignment with Ladmiral theory and translator could create beautiful artwork which is in accordance with the cultural context of target language while considering recreation and producing sense as well.

Syntactic ambiguity is divided into linguistic and literary types. Grammatical ambiguity is a type of linguistic ambiguity which is in turn divided into group and structural types. This type of ambiguity refers to situations when the arrangements of words make different meanings. The meanings can be integrated, but, they sometimes are in conflict with each other. Addition of the infinitive to the subject or object, the reference of a pronoun, using conjunctions to connect the modified or modifiers, having declarative or compositional sentences, clauses, having several cases, similarity of case roles, genitive conjunction, cognate object, cause, adverbial and object, statement, the similarity between conjunctives and connectives, subsidiary subject and predicate, and several meanings of prepositions are aspects of syntactic ambiguity that have been considered in this study and are effective in translations of the Holy Quran. Attention to the linguistic and non-linguistic contexts of the utterances can to a large extent resolve difficulties in understanding meaning. The problem lies in situations where there are not enough clues for understanding meanings, and it is not possible to integrate different meanings.

There are various emphatic devices in the holy Qur'an, like oath that used in various forms. "Lā qsem-o" is the most controversial structure. Study of this structure as a syntactic- emphatic device in Qur'an translation reveals their unbalanced equivalents based on existing theories of translation science. Because of the position of this structure in source language, its assessment based on House Textual Theory can lead to their precise translation. The most likely chosen interpretional theories by most of translators are considering "Lā" as additional letter and "qsem-o" as oath or the whole of "Lā qsem-o" structure as one of oath methods. In real the equivalents of most of translators is according to these interpretional theories. As general, despite lexical balance, the major imperfection and weakness of majority of translators equivalents with various interpretational attitude is unbalanced grammar translation of "Lā qsem-o" i.e. not finding emphatic equivalent to "qsem-o" itself. Though felicitous miracle of the Qur'an, linguistics differentiates and the translator role, himself, have effective role about balanced or unbalanced translation of this structure, but based on linguistic position of this structure in source language, it is possible to translate this structure, equivalent by using House overt translation method and "I do swear by".

The present article is an attempt to discover the order governing the linguistic elements in Surah Al-Kafirun [109]. The question posed is that as a literary text, what linguistic and semantic structures does the Surah Al-Kafirun adopt? This is answered through binary oppositions as well as syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations. The study will be a descriptive-comparative one. The first section of the article presents an applied analysis of the structural approach to text study. The second section analyses the Surah Al-Kafirun according to the aforementioned analysis, which shows the text is built up of three main structures based on three main binary oppositions, with the second opposition itself built up of four minor structures based on three minor binary oppositions. One of these minor oppositions has been repeated in the text, once with Positive implications and once with Negative implications. The linguistic elements in the text have been used in such a way that simultaneously divide and join the Surah structures. This occurs both in the semantic representation of the text on the one hand and in morphological, lexical, and syntactic representations on the other. The structural analysis shows how the intended meanings have been presented through paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations in a coherent structure.

Wine is an old and rich symbol in Persian literature which has dedicated itself a wide range of conflicting thoughts. This symbol in Iranian culture allows the addressee to have a materialistic or spiritual understanding of it according to his or her suspicion and character. This research seeks to select the common Rubaiyat among three Arab translators about wine and vinosity and compare the translators’ understandings about wine. Invitation to drinking is chosen because wine in Khayyam Rubaiyat is the symbol for seizing time and it is considered as an image of thought and the main theme for the poet. How did the translator react to joyfulness and invitation to drink wine by Khayyam? What effects do the taste and ideology of the translator have in rendering this motif in Khayyam poetry in Arabic, and what intricacies are followed by their translations? This research is limited to three translations of Ebrahim Qoreyz, Ahmad Safi and Ahmad Najafi. Each translator employing strategies such as a stipulation, omission, and refined thought has conveyed his interpretation and has placed his character and emotion in the target language during the process of transmission. This happens because the translator cannot translate free of his character even in literal translations. The research method used in this paper is descriptive-analytic with a lexical approach.

We will be encountered with a bewildering variety of literary signs in a poetic text. Action-oriented relations between mentioned signs in poem sitting-together axes and poem substitution leads to the fluidity of these signs and their different implicative functions. This is a factor which contributes to poetic language prominence and leads to literariness of the poetic text. Considering the special function of literary signs and their fluid nature in the formulation of poetic texts causes a complexity and difficulty in translating of these kinds of texts. This research criticizes the role and position of translation, in reflecting the fluidity of literary signs in the target language. In the meanwhile, the translations of Aghany Mahyar Aldamshqy's poems by Kazem Barg Neisi will be examined. Finally, the researcher considers the translation of Kazem Barg Neisi as a successful one in the realm of literary translation. The translator's success is because he has a full knowledge of his poet style and poetic language. By adopting this strategy and having a full knowledge of the poet style, the translator has chosen suitable equivalences and has conserved the fluidity of the text in a way that the reader of this work, by juxtaposing of the source text and the target one can reach the same effect as the readers of the source text do.