Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Year:2017 | Volume:25 | Issue:7 |Papers Count:8

Introduction: The benefits of Directional Bremsstrahlung Splitting (DBS) dose variance reduction technique in BEAMnrc Monte Carlo (MC) code for OncorÒ linac at 6MV and 18 MV energies were studied.Methods: An MC model of Oncor® linac was simulated using BEAMnrc MC Code and verified by the measured data for 6 MV and 18 MV energies of various field sizes. Then, OncorÒ machine was modeled running DBS technique, and the efficiency of total fluency and spatial fluency for electron and photon, and the efficiency of dose variance reduction of MC calculations was measured.Results: With applying DBS technique, the total fluency of electron and photon increased in turn 626.8 (6 MV), 983.4 (6 MV), 285.6 (18 MV) and 737.8 (18 MV); the spatial fluency of electron and photon improved in turn 308.6±1.35% (6 MV), 480.38±0.43% (6 MV), 153±0.9% (18 MV), and 462.6±0.27% (18 MV).Moreover, by running DBS technique, the efficiency of dose variance reduction for PDD MC dose calculations before maximum dose point and after dose maximum point enhanced 187.8±0.68% (6 MV) and 184.6±0.65% (6 MV), 156±0.43% (18MV) and 153±0.37% (18MV), respectively; the efficiency of MC calculations for lateral dose profile remarkably on the central beam axis and across the treatment field raised in turn 197±0.66% (6 MV), 214.6±0.73% (6 MV), 175±0.36% (18 MV) and 181.4±0.45% (18 MV).Conclusion: Applying dose variance reduction technique of DBS for modeling Oncor® linac with using BEAMnrc MC Code surprisingly improves the fluency of electron and photon, and it therefore enhances the efficiency of dose variance reduction for MC calculations.

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. The wrong pattern gene expression involved in Epigenetic such asAPOBEC3B, DNMT-1 and TET-1 can cause the progress breath cancer.According to the previous studies, resveratrol is a natural Flavonoid, which has recent studies have shown antioxidant and anti-cancer properties.Methods: In this study, the effect of 25 and 100 μM concentrations of resveratrol on two types of cell line (MCF-7, MDA-MB-453) was investigated. Then, after 24 hours treatment of cells, mRNA was extracted and turned to cDNA. Finally, genes expression of APOBEC3B, DNMT-1 and TET-1 were determined by Real time technique.Results: The results showed that resveratrol decreased APOBEC3B and DNMT-1 gene expression but TET-1 gene expression was increased following threatment By resveratrol in both cell lines compared to the to the control group and it also increased in expression of TET-1 in both of cell lines compared with the control group.Discussion: Considering the satisfactory effects of resveratrol after 24 hours of treatment on breast cancer cells, its anticancer effects are likely to be exerted through epigenetic changes, although more definitive studies are needed.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) has been considered as a main health problems of the present century.Unfortunately, it has been reported different protective responses against BCG vaccine, as only available vaccine against TB. The search for a new and improved vaccine against tuberculosis is currently a very active field of research. In this study, we have evaluated the relative effects of intranasal (i.n), subcutaneous (s.c) and intramuscular (i.m) routes of immunization on the induction of humoral immune responses against TB recombinant protein.Methods: The recombinant ESAT-6/CFP-10 antigens has been assessed and confirmed preliminary, for this study. The Balb/C mice were immunized in 3 different routes, three times at 2-week intervals with recombinant protein, formulated with or without adjuvants (MF-59 for the i.m and s.c routes and CTB for i.n). Blood was collected from retro-orbital sinus 10 days after each immunization and after separation of sera, they were evaluated for specific antibodies against antigen by an indirect ELISA method, which had set up during the research.Results: Mice vaccinated against recombinant proteins had high level of specific antibodies compared to the controls. Our results showed that although the i.m and s.c injections also induce immune responses, but the antibody titer in i.n rout had graduately elevated to reach in acceptable levels.Conclusion: The results could be used for formulation of mucosal vaccines against tuberculosis in future studies.

Introduction: One of the complications of diabetes mellitus is induction of apoptosis in liver tissues.Activation of caspase 3 caused apoptosis in the cells. Garlic is a most common plant in diet that its effect on apoptosis was not determined. In this study the effects of this extract on Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression and the activity of caspase 3, were determined in type 1 and 2 of diabetes in rats.Methods: Wistar rats divided into six groups included normal control rats, diabetes type 1 (D1), diabetes type 1 treated with garlic extract (D1G), diabetes type 2 (D2), diabetes type 2 treated with garlic extract (D2G) and garlic control (G). At the end of treatment time, liver tissues were removed quickly and stored in -70 °C. For evaluation of gene expression, RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and Real time PCR were done. The activity of caspase 3 was determined with flourometric method.Results: The level of gene expression of Bax and Bcl-2, did not change significantly in different groups.The activity of caspase 3 in D1 rats, increased significantly compared to the control rats (p=0.003). The activity of this enzyme was high in D1G compared to control rats yet (p=0.021). In D2, D2G and G groups, caspase activity was not changed in comparison with the control rats Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus type1 caused apoptosis in rat livers, but garlic extract cannot ameliorate it.

Introduction: Preeclampsia is one of the most common complications in pregnancy and a main cause of death in the perinatal period. The early diagnosis of severe disease form is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the serum high sensitive C - reactive protein (hs-CRP) and severity of preeclampsia.Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted between 2013 October -2014 February in third trimester pregnant women that had been admitted to Qazvin Kosar Hospital they were divided into three groups as: the first included 50 healthy pregnant women (control), the second included 45 women with mild preeclampsia and the third group included 42 women with severe pre-eclampsia. Blood pressure was measured after at least 10 minutes resting in a sitting position. Blood samples were taken six hours after admission and the hs-CRP measured by immunoturbidometric method using bionic kit. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, x2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests.Results: The average serum levels of hs-CRP were 2.4 in the control, 8.7 in the mild and 32.6 in the severe preeclampsia groups and this difference were significant in all the three groups.Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that the serum levels of hs-CRP can be used in the prediction and diagnosis of the severity of preeclampsia.

Introduction: Salmonella is one of the most important causes of gastroenteritis in humans. Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium has many hosts in addition to humans, and its prevalence in the community is high. The aim of the study was comparing the genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from human fecal samples by both of ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR method.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 60 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were obtained from the human fecal samples. These strains were identified by standard microbiological and biochemical tests.Then, ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR were carried out for determination of molecular relatedness of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium using specific primers.Results: The results showed that all 60 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were separable using ERIC 1, ERIC 2 and BOXAIR. In electrophoresis, 2-11 bands with 20-3200bp for ERIC-PCR and 2-10 bands with 200-1500bp for BOX-PCR were observed. Therefore, 13 different clusters (C1-C13) in ERICPCR and 21 different clusters (C1-C21) in BOX-PCR were identified.Conclusion: The results showed that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains were non-homolog.Therefore, ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR methods are appropriate methods for molecular typing of Salmonella strains and determine the original infection source for the epidemiological survey as well as infection prevention program.

Introduction: Use of wireless devices have been increasing during the last three decades in the world. Health risks caused by exposure to these appliances has become a public concern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to Wi-Fi on DNA breaks and oxidative stress parameters.Methods: 16 male mice divided in 2 groups; experimental (exposed) (n=8) and the control groups (n=8). While the control group was kept not exposed to the signals the experimental group was exposed to 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi signal GHz, for 8h/21 day; Single strand DNA breaks in lymphocytes were determined by using the Alkaline Comet Assay (before and after the exposure period). Oxidative stress parameters, including, catalase activity, PON1 activity, and TAC were measured (before and after the exposure period).Results: In the exposed group, it was observed an increase in single-stranded DNA break; decrease in PON1 enzyme activity also increase the catalase activity compared to before exposure to wi-fi, but TAC was not significantly different. While in the control group, none of the indicators measured at the end of the study there was no significant difference compared to 21 days ago.Conclusion: The findings of the present study show that Wi-Fi exposure can increase oxidative stress and the strand DNA breaks.

Introduction: Sperm-specific phospholipase C zeta (PLCz) protein is expressed during spermatogenesis and plays a main role during oocyte activation. In this study, the expression of sperm PLCz protein and DNA damage in fertile and infertile men was assessed.Methods: In this case-control study, semen samples were collected from 15 fertile and 10 infertile men candidated for intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Sperm parameters, the expression of PLCz protein, and DNA damage were assessed by the World Health Organization (2010) protocol, Western Blot, and TUNEL assay, respectively.Results: The quality of sperm parameters were significantly lower in the infertile men compared with the fertile men. In addition, the expression of PLCz protein was significantly lower, and percentage of sperm DNA damage were significantly higher in infertile men than fertile men.Conclusion: Our results clearly showed that low or absence expression of PLCz and sperm DNA damage could be considered as factors involved in failed fertilization in these infertile men. Therefore, the evaluation of some tests such as PLCz protein and chromatin tests to assess fertilization potential of a semen sample for infertile men are recommended.