JOURNAL OF ADVANCED BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2019 | Volume:9 | Issue:3|Papers Count:18

Background & Objective: Many cancer patients suffer from cachexia or cancer-induced muscle atrophy. Cachexia can have various causes one of which is the reduction of muscle regeneration. Resistance training has been suggested as one of the proper stimulator of increasing muscular regeneration. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of resistance training on two factors of regeneration including PAX7 and eMHC, tumor-free weight and tumor weight of mice. Materials & Methods: This study was a kind of experimental intervention. Subjects of the study included 10 BALB-C mice (age: 6 weeks) which CT-26 tumor was transplanted to them. Mice were divided into two groups of resistance training (n=5) and control (n=5) randomly. Training group performed six-week progressive resistance training and control groups were kept in cages without any exercise intervention. At the end of the experiment, gastrocnemius muscle was taken for evaluating related factors. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test. Results: There was no significant difference in PAX7 between two groups of training and control, but eMHC reduced significantly in training compared to the control group (P=0. 038). Tumor-free bodyweight of training group increased significantly compared to the control group (P=0. 0004) and there was no significant difference in tumor weight between two groups of training and control. Conclusion: Although resistance training does not increase tumor growth but probably reduce some muscle regeneration factors in cancer-bearing mice. So, for improving muscular regeneration in cachexia bearing patients, probably resistance training is not a good choice. However, more future researches are required.

Background & Objectives: In Iran, few studies have been conducted on health information sources. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between rate of access to resources and guidelines of health information and quality of life in women referring to hospitals in Qom city in 2016. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on 254 women referring to hospitals in the city of Qom in 2016. The subjects were selected via multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire on sources and guidelines of health information and the valid Quality of Life Questionnaire. The collected data were entered into SPSS V. 20 software and were analyzed using Chi-square, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient tests. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between the quality of life score and the use of the resources and guidelines of health information (r=-0. 14, p=0. 02), as with increasing the use of the resources and guidelines of health information, the score of quality of life of the subjects reduced. In addition, there was a significant relationship between educational level and type of the resources and guidelines of health information (p<0. 02) so that, the people with university education were more likely to use more self-resources and mass media to obtain health information. Conclusion: Given the significant relationship between quality of life and the use of the resources and guidelines of health information, people should be properly informed about and familiarized with the reliable sources and guidelines of health information that are suitable for their conditions and levels of literacy.

Angiogenesis is a process in which new blood vessels are produced from old vessels and this process plays an important role in the natural processes of the body. Also, angiogenesis in tumor cells leads to further growth of these cells and leads to their metastasis. This process involves migration, proliferation and differentiation of endothelial cells. One of the new ideas that attracted scientists’ attention is how to inhibit the angiogenesis process in cancer patients. Scientists are hoping that this method leads to tumor cells therapy. The purpose of this study was to review the role of angiogenesis in metastasis of tumor cells with a therapeutic approach.

Background & Objective: In the eukaryotic cells, the DNA wraps around the histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) and constitutes the nucleosome. Chromatin organization plays a major role in the control of gene expression. Epigenetic modifications can induce a reversible change in the chromatin structure as being open and accessible DNA to the transcriptional factors resulting in gene expression. Histone modification, as an epigenetic factor, is necessary for gene expression. These modifications are concluded in a balance between histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase activity. Histone deacetylation compacts chromatin structure resulting in gene silencing. Tumor suppressor genes play an important role in cancer prevention. Deacetylation of these genes result in genes silencing and carcinogenesis. In this review, we will evaluate the effects of histone deacetylases on the gastroinetestinal tract and associated glands cancer. Materials & Methods: For this review article, we search different online sources by various researcher motors including Scopus, PubMed, and ISI resulted in finding articles correlated with the effect of histone deacetylase on the gastroinetestinal tract and associated glands cancer. Conclusions: In the current study, we concluded that histone deacetylases can induce cancer by histone deacetylation of tumor suppressor genes in the gastrointestinal tract and associated glands.

Background & Objective: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelination of the central nervous system which has caused a lot of complications for affected patients and leads to disability. Today, along with other sciences, the field of research of sports science is trying to find ways to improve disorders caused by diseases and sport injuries and to improve the health of people in the community. Regarding the importance of complementary therapies, this study aimed to investigate the effect of two types of aerobic training on inflammatory cytokines of IFN-γ in animal samples with MS. Materials & Methods: The sample included 96 C57bl6 mice. After preparation and induction in the form of EAE model, swimming training was conducted in 8 groups of 6, including healthy groups (control, swimming) and MS (control, swimming, interferon, swimming + interferon, control, injection and control). Moreover, in the case of wheel running training, they were divided into eight groups of 10 including healthy groups (control, wheel running) and MS (control, wheel running, interferon, wheel running + interferon, injection control, wheel running control and injection). The animal models performed the exercise protocol after one week of environmental compatibility. After blood sampling, IFN-γ concentration was measured with specific kits in the laboratory by separating serum. At the end of the experiments, the severity of EAE in rats was compared among the study groups. The present study was done experimentally and all data and raw data obtained from the samples were analyzed by SPSS (software version 24) using one-way ANOVA. The minimum level of significance was considered as p≤ 0. 05. Results: The study showed that the mean concentration of IFN-γ in the EAE model, which was performed by the swimming, had a significant decrease both in the non-injected (p=0. 047) and interferon-treated group (p=0. 013) compared to the non-active models. Also, the mean concentration of IFN-γ in wheel running training was significant ((p=0. 025) p≤ 0. 05)) only in EAE group and wheel running. Conclusion: According to the protocol of the present study, it can be concluded about the response of inflammatory markers to aerobic training courses that the physical activity of swimming and wheel running has been able to reduce the level of inflammatory markers with MS.

Background & Objective: Shift work can be a factor in inflammation, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 8-week aerobic physical activity on Hs-CRP and blood pressure of the shift workers of Sarir Plast Industrial Group in Dezful. Materials & Methods: The present study is semi-experimental research that was carried out on the shift workers of the five industrial groups of Sarirplast. 30 workers, who had an average of 5 years of shift work experience, were selected using judgmental sampling technique and were then randomly assigned to the two groups of aerobic physical activity (n=15) and control group (n=15). The experimental group performed 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week with 50-70% THR intensity, according to the schedule. Before and after the plan, the activity, height, BW, BMI, WHR, BFP, VF, Hs-CRP, SBP, DBP and HR were measured. For data analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Leven test, Mbox-test, and ANCOVA were used (p<0. 05). Results: The BW, BMI, WHR, BFP, and VF decreased significantly in the post-test for the training group, while the value of Vo2max increased (p<0. 05). Also, the results of the study indicated that APA had a significant effect on BW, BMI, WHR, BFP, VF, Hs-CRP, SBP, DBP, and HR. Conclusion: 8-week Aerobic physical activity was effective in reducing the risk factors of CVD in shift workers; perhaps aerobic physical activity could be used as a non-pharmacological approach to preventing CVD in shift workers.

Background & Objective: Ischemia and Reperfusion (I/R) lead to the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, the protective effects of the cell culture conditioned medium (CM) on sperm quality disorder induced by torsion-detorsion (T-D) in adult rat’ s testis was evaluated. Materials & Methods: In this study, 42 adult rats were divided into seven groups. 1-Normal control group treated without surgery. 2-Laparotomy group, surgery operated without T-D. 3-T-D group, surgery operated along with T-D. 4-T-D+DMEM group, after T-D Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) has been injected. 5-7 groups included T-D+F, T-D+M, and T-D+FM, along with TD injected conditioned medium of fibroblast, macrophage, and fibroblast-macrophage co-culture respectively. All injections were made at a rate of 10μ L once after T-D in the rete testis. After 35 days, sperm quality parameters were evaluated and obtained data were compared between groups by oneway ANOVA statistic method and Tukey test post hoc at P<0. 05 level. Results: The experimental groups that received CM of the fibroblast and macrophage compared to groups T-D and T-D+DMEM showed ameliorative effects in comparison with T-D and T-D+DMEM groups. No ameliorative effects were observed in the T-D+FM group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the high ability of supernatant of the separate fibroblast and macrophage culture in improving sperm parameters after testicular T-D.

Background & Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known as a major cause of hospital-acquired infections due to its high antibiotic resistance. Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor in P. aeruginosa infections. This pathogen produces extracellular hydrolases such as esterase estA during biofilm formation which can influence the formation and construction of biofilm. The purpose of this study was to detect the antibiotic resistance and distribution of estA gene among biofilm-producing P. aeruginosa strains isolated from burn patients. Materials & Methods: A total of 37 strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated from burn patients in Taleghani hospital in Ahvaz and identified using standard bacteriological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method according to the CLSI 2015. Biofilm formation was measured by micro titer plate. Existence of estA gene was detected by PCR. Results: The estA gene existed in 97. 3% of isolates and 78. 3% of P. aeruginosa isolates produced biofilm. Based on the results of the antibiogram test, the highest rate of resistance was observed to piperacillin/ tazobactam (92%) and least resistance was to colistin (8%). Conclusion: According to the results, there were no significant correlations between presence of estA gene and biofilm formation. High level of resistance to antibiotics in P. aeruginosa is considerable.

Background & Objective: Female athletes are at an increasing risk of depleting their iron stores and iron deficiency. It has recently been suggested that hepcidin may be an important regulator of wholebody iron homeostasis. Then, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of exhaustive exercises on hepcidin hormone, iron, ferritin, and hemoglobin of female athletes. Materials & Methods: 30 female athletes were selected for the study and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The participants' fasting blood samples were taken 2 h before exercise (including 3*6 repetition), just 3 and 24 hours after exhaustive exercise. Data analysis was carried out using repeated measure and ANOVA. Results: The results showed that hepcidin increased significantly after the exercise in the experimental group (P= 0. 001) and the highest increase was 3 hours after exercise (P= 0. 004). Also Iron (P= 0. 001), ferritin (P= 0. 001) and hemoglobin (P= 0. 001) increased significantly just after exercise. However, the hemoglobin value during 3 hours post exercise decreased compared to pre-exercise (P= 0. 01). Conclusion: It is concluded that a session of acute exercise can increase the hepcidin and hence help absorb and maintain iron.

Background & Objective: Clostridium difficile is an obligate anaerobic, gram positive bacillus. The purpose of this study was to compare PCR technique and bacterial culture to assess the prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection in the samples of watery diarrhea. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional qualitative study was performed on 68 samples of watery diarrhea in Qom province hospitals. All samples were cultured in the specialized CCFA Agar medium. Specific primers were applied for the PCR assay based on cdd3 gene. Based on this primer, PCR product for this gene must be 622bp. toxin A & B diagnosis based on specific primers and product must be 473 and 272 bp Results: In this study, the optimized PCR technique was determined to be bacterium in 16 samples. But bacteria diagnosis in 11 samples by culture method. 6 samples had toxin A and B, 4samples had toxin A and 3 samples had toxin B. Conclusion: Cytotoxicity method is gold standard for clostridium difficile. Diagnosis of these bacteria is very important and PCR was found as an applicable, sensitive, and quick technique for the detection of Clostridium difficile in compromise culture medium method.

Background & Objective: Lactococcus garvieae is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens that threatens the aquaculture industry. The recognition and use of new antibacterial compounds is one the best ways to control this pathogen. In this study, inhibitory effects of Zn nanoparticles, thioethers derivatives, poly-L-lysine, nisin, glycine and hydroalcoholic extracts of Rosemary and Prosopis farcta leaves were assessed against L. garvieae. Materials & Methods: Antibacterial effect of all compounds were evaluated via the disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The results were reported as inhibition zone diameter (IZD), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. Results: Any significant inhibitory effect was observed on L. garvieae with poly-L-lysine, nisin, glycine and hydroalcoholic extracts of Rosemary. Antibacterial effectof twothioethers derivatives, Zn nanoparticles and hydroalcoholic extracts of Prosopis farcta leaves was observed with IZD = 9. 48-18. 35 mm, MIC = 32-4096 μ g/ml and MBC = 64-2048 μ g/ml. The best inhibitory effect was belonged to thioethers derivative 4e. Conclusion: Antibacterial effect of thioethers derivatives, Zn nanoparticles and hydroalcoholic extracts of Prosopis farcta leaves were proven on L. garvieae invitro. New ligands and complexes can be designed according tested thioethers especially derivative 4e in future researches to improve antimicrobial properties.

Background & Objective: Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are undifferentiated germ cells that maintain spermatogenesis during lifetime by balancing between self-renewal and differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of vitamin E on spermatogonial stem cells colony formation. Materials & Methods: SSCs were isolated from testes of prepubertal lamb by two step enzymatic digestions then purified by differential plating. The cells were cultured for 10 days in 4 groups. Control group: Basic media (DMEM environment which contains 1% antibiotic and 5% FBS( and treatment groups were treated with 20, 40 and 80 μ mol/ml vitamin E added to basic media respectively. Changing of culture media was performed every 72h. Colony number and diameter assay was done by inverted microscope. Identification of SSCs was performed by immunocytochemistry assay against PGP9. 5. Results: There were no significant difference in colony number and surface area between treatment groups and between treatment and control groups in days 4, 7and 10. Colony surface area significantly increased at day 10 compared to day 4 (P<0. 05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that vitamin E as an antioxidant does not have any significant effect on colony induction of SSCs in short term culture in vitro.

Background & Objective: Solid dispersions (SDs) have been traditionally used as an effective method for improving the dissolution properties and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The aim of this study was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of paracetamol by SD technique. Materials & Methods: The prepared SDs were evaluated by saturation solubility test, In-vitro drug release test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The prepared SDs exhibited a statistically significant increase in the solubility of paracetamol compared to that of the free drug (p < 0. 05). After 15 min, SD tablets had an enhanced cumulative drug release compared to tablets of the free drug (p < 0. 05). FTIR study revealed that paracetamol was stable in polymeric dispersions. DSC and SEM microscopy showed that the drugs crystallinity was decreased during the preparation process (amorphous crystal formation). Conclusion: The FTIR spectroscopic test revealed the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between paracetamol and the polymers in the SDs, which could increase the aqueous solubility of the drug. The DSC analysis indicated that the drug was in the amorphous state when dispersed in the polymers. Dissolution studies indicated that the dissolution rates markedly increased in the SDs compared to those of paracetamol alone, and better results were obtained with PVP K25.

Background & Objective: Extracellular matrix (ECM) as a three-dimensional structure consisting of protein nanofibers and polysaccharides with a diameter of 50-500 nm is a place to store cells. Electrospinning is a method that allows nanofibers to be produced in this range and even beyond. Materials & Methods: Polycaprolactone, polyurethane, and required solvents chloroform, ethanol, Tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamid and 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3-Hexafluoro-2-propanol were used without any purification. Single and composite scaffolds were fabricated from these polymers using coelectrospinning and blend-electrospinning methods. The morphological and mechanical properties of the neat and composite structures were evaluated through SEM, FTIR, and Tensile tese. Result: Results showed that the average fiber diameter and Young’ s modulus changes’ range in composite and single structures obtained 228 ± 89 to 470 ± 95 nm and 1. 2 ± 0. 39 to 8. 03 ± 0. 54 MPa. Composite structures fabricated using Co-electrospinning method have smaller mean fiber diameter 228 ± 89 nm and composite structures fabricated using blend electrospinning have highest Young’ s modulus 8. 03 ± 0. 54 MPa comparison single structures. Conclusion: The results showed that the produced composite structure meets the required mechanical properties to be used in tissue engineering and, because of its structural and morphological features, can also be applied as alternative scaffolds in the body. Composite structures produced by blend electrospinning method show a higher degree of strength compared to similar composite structures produced by co-electrospinning method due to the free movement of the polyurethane nanofiber and the intrinsic contraction in the composite structure.

Background & Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and coping strategies in the alexithymia prediction of chronic obstructive pulmonary patients referred to Valiasr Hospital in Fasa, Iran. Materials & Methods: The statistical population of this study included all patients referring to the specialized clinic of Vali Asr Hospital in Fasa, which were selected by random sampling method of 180 people based on Cochran sample size formula. In this study, three Alexey Times Toronto Questionnaires (FTAS-20), Neo-Personality Traits Questionnaire (NEO-IP-R), and Lazarus and Folkman Coping Strategies were used, data were analyzed using SPSS software and correlation method and stepwise regression analysis were used. Results: The results showed that there was a significant correlation between neuroticism, extroversion and agreeableness personality traits and emotional coping strategies (P =0. 000). However, no significant relationship was found between personality trait openness and conscientiousness and coping strategies. Also, the excitement style (P = 0. 745; Beta = 0. 745), extroversion (P = 0. 331, Beta = 0. 300), neuroticism (P =. 0000 Beta =. 288) and agreement P = 0. 098 Beta =. 098) can predict Alexithymia in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). But age, gender, and education were not good predictors of the Alexei time in Copd patients. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the personality factors of neuroticism, extraversion and consensus-seeking can predict the changes in Alexis time in both positive and negative directions, and the anti-emotional coping style is also negatively predicted by Alexei Time.

Background & Objective: Review of literature shows that there are contradictory opinions, regarding the surgical technique act as a prognostic factor in graft success rate. Therefore, the researchers decided to consider the topic by reviewing the literatures and gathering their ten-year experiences information regarding this issue. Materials & Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on ears undergoing chronic otitis media surgeries. Five hundred and five ears undergoing chronic otitis media surgeries were evaluated. We analyzed 225 tympanoplasty (44. 6%), 93 canal wall-up mastoidectomy (18. 4%) and 187 canal wall-down mastoidectomy (37%). The primary outcome was anatomic results (graft success rate in each surgical technique) and the secondary outcome was hearing outcomes. Results: Total graft success rate was found in 460 ears (91. 1%). Also graft success rate in tympanoplasty, canal wall-up mastoidectomy and canal wall-down mastoidectomy groups were observed in 201 ears (89. 3%), 81 ears (87. 1%) and 178 ears (95. 2%), respectively. But there was not any significant statistical difference between different methods (P=0. 14). The mean post-operation airbone gap gains in these three surgical techniques were 7. 8, 11. 1 and 4. 3 dB, respectively. Conclusion: However, our results showed that the overall graft success rate was in an acceptable range and graft success rate in canal wall-down mastoidectomy was more than tympanoplasty and canal wall-up mastoidectomy, but the surgical technique was not a prognostic factor in graft success rate.

Background & Objectives: Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths in Iran and the United States women population. Late detection of illness could lead to death of the patient and has a lot of cost expenses to economy, so early diagnosis of pain and costs imposed on patients will be reduced. CK19 has the potential for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. In this study, the potential for gene expression of CK19 as a molecular biomarker for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer in the circulatory system was investigated using Real Time PCR technique, so that it could be used as a suitable target for the treatment of ovarian cancer through further investigation about the mechanism and effect of this gene. Materials & Methods: In this case-control study, 50 blood samples from women with ovarian cancer and 50 normal control blood samples from patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital were reviewed. After collecting samples, extracting Total RNA from frozen ovarian epithelial blood samples, cDNA was performed from the cDNA. Finally, the expression of the CK19 gene in 50 patient blood samples and 50 normal blood samples was investigated using qRT-PCR technique. Results: We determined that CK19 was significantly up-regulated in ovarian cancer, compared to normal blood sample. Further investigations revealed that this overexpression is elevated by increasing the malignancy stage. Conclusion: This test showed a significant increase CK19 in patients, expression of CK19 was quantitatively measured and expression of CK19 was reported in the serum of positive patients. Evaluation and confirmation of the key role of this gene can be an important step in screening, appropriate biomarker for non-invasive and early detection of ovarian cancer and evaluation of treatment process.

Background & Objectives: Campylobacter infections as a common disease are a major contributor to human infectious gastroenteritis and in addition to watery and bloody diarrhea, it causes secondary illness. Although there are many studies of the prevalence of poultry meat to Campylobacter spp, little information was available on the contamination of poultry meat products with the aim of studying the contamination of these products Materials & Methods: A total of 552 samples of meat (138 samples), liver (138 samples), gizzard (138 samples) and chicken heart (138 samples) were randomly collected from poultry industry slaughterhouses in West Azarbaijan Province. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Campylobacter spp. in phenotypic and genotypic experiments. Results: The highest prevalence of Campylobacter spp was in the liver (49. 2%), followed by gizzard (42. 8%), heart (33. 3%) and chicken (25. 4%). The most common species of Campylobacter spp was Campylobacter jejuni (78. 4%) and the remaining Campylobacter spp (21. 6%) Conclusions: 208 isolates of Campylobacter spp., differentiated by Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (m. PCR). The results of this study show the importance of poultry food sources as a potential source of Campylobacter infection.