Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Year:2020 | Volume:19 | Issue:3|Papers Count:9

Background and Objectives: Prescription of acid supressive therapy (AST) for prophylaxis of stress-related mucosal disease (SRMD) in hospitalized patients is inappropriate in many cases. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the role of clinical pharmacist in optimizing prescription of these therapies. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional quasi-experimental study was conducted on 101 patients admitted to the Nephrology Ward in Shafa Hospital affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences. All patients with a length of hospital stay of more than 24 hours were included. In the pre-intervention phase, each patient was evaluated regarding the risk of SRMD and receiving or not receiving SRMD prophylaxis. In the second phase, the clinical pharmacist actively intervened for discontinuation of AST in patients at low risk of SRMD and initiation of AST in patients who were at high risk of SRMD but did not receive any medication. Finally, in each phase of the study, the number of patients who appropriately or inappropriately received prophylactic drug was reported. Chi square test was used to analyze data. Results: Fifty-seven and 44 patients were evaluated in the pre-intervention and intervention phases, respectively. The number of patients who inappropriately received prophylactic drugs significantly decreased from 37 patients (77%) in the pre-intervention phase to 6 patients (31. 6%) in the intervention phase (p<0. 001). Conclusion: Considering the effective role of the clinical pharmacist in this study, consultation with a clinical pharmacist for optimizing rational prescription of drugs for prophylaxis of SRMD in hospitalized patients is recommended.

Background and Objectives: Suicide is one of the biggest medical and social problems of the world. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the epidemiology of suicide in Asadabad city during 2011-2017. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, demographic and epidemiologic data of suicide attempts and complete suicide were extracted using special forms of suicide archived in the Asadabad Health Network during the years of 2011-2017. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The overall prevalence of suicide was 797/100000 people (804 cases), the prevalence of successful suicide (death) 21/100000 people (21 cases) and unsuccessful 776/100000 people (n783). Women (934/100000 people, n=466), single people (1548/100000 people, n=374), persons with secondary degree (3889/100000 people, n=258), unemployeds (790100000 people, n=577), residents of the city (792/100000 people, n=289) and season fall (240/100000 people, n=243) had the highest prevalence of suicide. The most important reason for committing suicide was, family fights and disputes (53. 7%, n=432) and the most common method was pill consumption (72. 4%, n=582). Conclusion: Considering that the main cause of suicide is family disputes and the most common form of suicide is the use of pills; Suicide outbreaks can be reduced by implementing appropriate interventions, such as establishing family counseling centers and adequate education for vulnerable families and gro ups, as well as reducing access to suicide devices.

Background and Objectives: The use of virtual networks has become a natural modern behavior, but the traumatic forms of their use have also received much attention in the last two decades. This study aimed at modelling structural relations of cyber-aggression based on perceived stress with the mediating role of virtual networks dependency in students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2019. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, the statistical population included all students of Mohaghegh Ardebili University in the second semester of the academic year 2018-2019. From this community, 221 students were selected through multistage random cluster sampling and responded to Cyber-Aggression Questionnaire (Á lvarez-Garcí a), Cohen’ s Perceived Stress Scale and Young’ s Internet Addiction Test, individually. Data were analyzed using Pearson’ s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: The results indicated that cyber-aggression has positive relationship with perceived stress (r=0. 50; p<0. 001) and virtual networks dependency (r=0. 57; p<0. 001). Also, virtual networks dependency was positively associated with perceived stress (r=0. 82; p<0. 001). The model fitness indexes confirmed the path of perceived stress to the cyberaggression with the mediating role of virtual networks dependency. Conclusion: The results showed that perceived stress is associated with cyber-aggression mediated with dependence on virtual networks. It seems that universities can organize workshops to inform students about the positive and negative effects and how to use them properly and scientifically and to reap the benefits.

Background and Objectives: Elderly abuse is one of the major social health problems and has a significant impact on the quality of life of the elderly. Faster detection of elder abuse and providing appropriate remedies will reduce its subsequent complications. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of translating and determining the psychometric properties of the Geriatric Mistreatment Scale (22 items) in the elderly living in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 301 elderly people living in Tehran in 2017-2018. The translation was done by the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) protocol method; after obtaining written permission from the original designer. Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate construct validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest were used to determine reliability. Results: Cronbach's alpha was 0. 80 for all items and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was 0. 81 which both showed appropriate reliability of the Persian version of Geriatric Mistreatment Scale. In the exploratory factor analysis, three factors (physical, psychological, economic) were extracted by principal axis factoring that determined 42% of cumulative variance. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that the Persian version of the Geriatric Mistreatment Scale is a valid and reliable tool that can be used as an indigenous tool to assess elder abuse, which is a public health problem.

Background and Objectives: Professional development of faculty members is one of the aspects of improving academic quality and an effective factor in improving the quality and empowerment of faculty members in educational system. The purpose of this study was to determine the needs of the faculty members of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences by applying agreement approach. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted among 57 faculty members of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2018, using census method, with the aim of identifying needs in five areas: research, education, personal skills and competencies, information technology and evaluation, and management and executive needs. Needs assessment was conducted using the Delphi technique in three rounds. The results were reported as mean, standard deviation, median in separate tables and priority needs were determined in each area. Results: The most important needs in the five areas included getting to know writing articles in English, searching for electronic resources and databases, introducing new teaching methods in the classroom, principles and practices of learning, language courses such as speaking, familiarization with the translation technique, analysis methods and structural equations with LISREL and AMOS, softwares for analyzing qualitative research, communication skills and classroom management. Conclusion: Accordingly, design, implementation and evaluation of educational programs is recommended by the Education Development Center and other related units of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.

Background and Objectives: The radiation protection of patients in CT examinations is important due to its wide application and high contribution in collective dose of public, and its radiation effects. The purpose of this study was to estimate the mean patient dose indices in chest and abdomen/pelvic examinations as the first step in patient radiation protection process. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on the dose indices of adult patients in chest and abdomen/pelvis examinations in CT institute in Rafsanjan Ali Ibn Abitalib Hospital, for 5 months in 2018. The volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and size specific dose estimate (SSDE) were collected for 135 patients. The mean of dose indices were calculated for the body mass index (BMI), weight and lateral diameter groups and were compared to the diagnostic reference level (DRL) of Iran and threshold dose curve method. Results: The ranges of mean CTDIvol for lateral diameter, BMI and weight groups and for chest were 4. 4-16. 2, 5. 6-16. 2 and 4. 1-16. 2 mGy and for abdomen/pelvis were 5. 9-19. 3, 6. 8-25. 6 and 6. 5-25. 6 mGy. The corresponding values for SSDE and for chest were 7. 7-11. 9, 8. 5-11. 9 and 7. 7-11. 9 mGy and for abdomen/pelvis were 9. 8-21. 5, 10. 7-21. 5 and 10. 5-21. 5 mGy. Also, the mean of CTDIvol and DLP for standard size patients were lower than DRL of Iran. Conclusion: Comparison of mean patient dose indices for lateral diameter, BMI and weight groups for chest and abdomen/pelvis examinations with the threshold dose curve shows that the relatively optimum protocols are applied in this CT institute. However, more optimization in CT protocols can result in more patient dose reduction in CT examinations.

Background and Objectives: Happiness is one of the basic human needs and a component of mental health which is the cause of increase of social capital. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of happiness in students of Kerman Dental School. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, the statistical population included students of Kerman Dental School in the academic year 2017-2018. Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was used to collect data and 241 students who were selected randomly with the proportionate stratification method participated in the study. Data analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. Results: 151 (62. 7%) of the students were girls and 90 (37. 3%) were boys. The mean score of student's happiness was 40. 04± 0. 78. Students' happiness status in different demographic variables such as gender (p=0. 779), academic year (p=0. 092), marital status (p=0. 865) and residence (p=0. 425) did not show any significant difference. Conclusion: The happiness status of Kerman Dental students was at an acceptable level, but necessary measures must be taken to upgrade it to the excellent level.

Small groups which form for teaching and learning process would have substantial outcomes if manage properly. Evidence suggests that environment and seating arrangement of the learners would have considerable impacts on the success of a facilitator to properly use from the dynamics of the group. The aim of the present article is therefore to discuss the appropriate environment and seating arrangement of such small groups.