JOURNAL OF RAFSANJAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND HEALTH SERVICES
Year:2020 | Volume:19 | Issue:7|Papers Count:9

Background and Objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease accompanied by common emotional symptoms such as anxiety and fear. The aim of this study was investigating the anti-anxiety and antioxidant effects of sumac extract and its nano-phytosome, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 35 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (control, positive control, Alzheimer, and Alzheimer with (40mg/kg) doses of sumac extract and nano-phytosome-sumac). For the induction of Alzheimer model, STZ (3 mg / kg) was injected intracerebroventricularlly. 21 days after gavage, plus maze test was performed to evaluate anxiety behavior in the rats. In the end, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzyme's activity and malondialdehyde levels were measured in the cerebral cortex. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. Results: The results showed that STZ increased anxiety-like behaviors (p=0. 001), malondialdehyde (MDA) level (p<0. 017), and decreased catalase and superoxide dismutase activity in the Alzheimer group (p<0. 001); while treatment with sumac nano-phytosome reduced anxiety-like behaviors (p=0. 002), increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and decreased MDA level in cerebral cortex (p=0. 003). Conclusion: The results suggested that sumac nano-phytosome due to improving the bioavailability may reduce STZinduced anxiety-like behaviors and oxidative stress in rat model of AD.

Background and Objectives: Knee joint, like other joints in the body, is affected by defects, injuries and diseases. Genu valgum is one of the most common lower limb complications. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of corrective exercises using Thera-Band on components of ground reaction force in boy students with genu valgum during running. Materials and Methods: The present study was a clinical trial. 24 male students (20-30 years old) were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The present study was conducted at University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Health and Wellness Center in 2019. Corrective exercises were performed for 8 weeks using Thera-band for the experimental group. The control group did not receive any treatment intervention during this period. The ground reaction forces were recorded by a force plate. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The results of this study showed a significant difference in the time to peak in the vertical direction during the push off phase of the experimental group (5. 17%) (p=0. 030, d=0. 589). In the experimental group, the other components of ground reaction forces did not demonstrate any significant effect during post-test than that in the pretest (p>0. 05). Conclusion: The selected corrective exercises using the Thera-band were able to increase the time to peak of the vertical force during the push off phase during the post-test compared to the pre-test. This increase was probably due to the longer contact of foot with the surface, which reduces the amount of force applied to the foot.

Background and Objectives: Infection of birds to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) and their extinction impose heavily losses on the livestock and poultry industry along with public health. Nowadays, due to the volume and variety of data, the need of using location-based technologies and data mining sciences has become inevitable. This study aims to model the prevalence of avian influenza, using the capabilities of spatial analyses. Materials and Methods: In this analytical-ecological study, the year 2016 is selected as the target year to prepare 17 variables (climate, environment, and man-made) and their spatial layers in Guilan province because of the high prevalence of the disease in this year. The weights of the variables were computed through combination of Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) analysis and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), and then prevalence of the disease was prepared and evaluated by the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The variables of wetlands, live poultry markets, and pools have the highest weights according to BRT analysis, with 18. 91, 15. 59, and 12. 8 percent, respectively. Also, in terms of time, the month of February has the highest prevalence among the three cold months of the year. Conclusion: The disease has been observed in the areas around wetlands, pools, and live poultry markets. Therefore, the General Veterinary Administration, as a regulatory and policy-making body, and poultry producers and sellers as executive agents can play a significant role in monitoring, controlling, and preventing the spread of the disease.

Background and Objectives: One of the abnormal forms of scapular malalignment is the scapular downward rotation defect, which includes depression, protraction, and anterior scapula tilt, which potentially reduces the upper rotation and posterior tilting of the scapula. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of six weeks of corrective exercises on the kinematics of the scapula in males with scapular downward rotation defect. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed in the Faculty of Physical Education of Kharazmi University in 2019, Iran. Twenty-four eligible patients were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups of 12, corrective exercises and control group. The control group did not receive any specific treatment during the study. The scapular upward rotation and scapular posterior tilt were measured in the same way before and after the corrective exercises in the intervention group by Noraaxon's MyoMotion 3D device. Data were analyzed using twoway repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-test. Results: A significant increase was observed in scapular upward rotation in the angles of 30º (p=0. 038), 60º (p<0. 001), 90º (p<0. 001) and 120º (p<0. 001), and in scapular posterior tilt in the angles of 30º (p<0. 001), 60º (p< 0. 001), 90º (p<0. 001) and 120º (p<0. 001) after applying the exercise intervention in the intervention group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results showed that the intervention of scapular correction exercises improves the angles of scapular upward rotation and scapular posterior tilt in people with scapular downward rotation defect.

Background and Objectives: Scorpion bite is one of the public health problems, which sometimes causes human death. The aim of this study was to determine various epidemiological aspects, clinical signs and outcomes of patients with scorpion bite referred to the emergency of Hazrat Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan in 2017-2018. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017-2018. A total of 59 people stung by scorpion referred to the Emergency Department of Hazrat Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan were selected through census method. Using a researcher-made checklist, demographic and clinical information were completed by the researchers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage and mean) and inferential statistics (independent ttest, chi-square or Fisher test). Results: Most scorpion stinges were in people aged 30-39. The highest incidence of scorpion stings was observed by black scorpions with 53 cases (89. 8%) from June to August, at 6 pm to 12 pm. The most local clinical symptom with 37 cases (62. 7%) was pain and the most systemic clinical symptom was dizziness with 8 cases (13. 6%) and hemoglobinuria, the highest laboratory index was 17 (28. 8%) cases. A total of 54 cases (91. 5%) were discharged after receiving medical treatment in the emergency room. Conclusion: The most common local and systemic clinical symptoms were pain and dizziness, respectively. The hemoglobin index was the most important laboratory indicator and most people were discharged from the emergency room. Preventive training is needed to protect people's health and well-being

Background and Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder, affecting at least 10% of women in reproductive age. It is associated with hyperandrogenism, obesity, menstrual iregularity and infertility. There are several hypotheses regarding the metabolic, genetic, epigenetic, and environmental causes of the disease. Although the main cause of the disease is not well known, it seems that the disorder in the central nervous system (CNS) and as a result, the disruption in the production of gonadal hormones is one of the main causes of this syndrome. The relationship between CNS and gonadal steroid hormones is bilateral. As dysfunction of this system plays a role in the development of the disease, alterations in the levels of steroid hormones also affect the activity and flexibility of neuronal connections in the brain. Androgens also send critical feedback to the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and regulate the secretion of GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone). Androgens can disrupt the neuroendocrine reproductive axis by altering the central circuits of the brain. Prescribing drugs against neuronal phenotypes that potentially stimulate excessive GnRH / LH (Luteinizing hormone) secretion could be a new and selective approach to reducing LH frequency in women with PCOS.

Background and Objectives: Following the emergence of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV2, the reasons for the emergence of the novel virus have been the subject of interest for molecular biology researchers and news agencies. This article attempted to emphasize all aspects of the emergence of this virus and discuss the latest information related to its development. Materials and Methods: From the main site for articles published on COVID-19 (LitCovid), more than 34000 articles have been published, until July 22. But there have been been no scientific discussion about the reasons for the emergence of the virus due to its natural origin or genetic manipulation in research laboratories. In this review study, by collecting and reviewing 15 articles related to this topic, the scientific reasons for the emergence of this virus is analyzed. Results: Reverse genetic technology is a powerful tool for genetic instructions and design of engineered viruses to produce effective drugs and vaccines against viral infections. But dangerous viruses may also be created in this way that exhibit unknown properties. Studies have shown that SARS-CoV2 has a unique sequence in the middle of the gene encoding glycoprotein Spike (S) that is not similar to other coronaviruses. Conclusion: Due to the specific features of SARS-CoV 2 and its comparison with other coronaviruses, its emergence and novel agents has been determined in the scientific community. For this, laboratory production and genetic manipulation are possible, but whether its occurrence is accidental or intentional requires further investigation.

From December 2019, the outbreak of coronavirus 2019 in Wuhan, China, began and quickly attracted the attention and concern of the World Health Organization. COVID-19 disease is one of the new cases of coronavirus that is closely related to SARS coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV). However, the rate of human-tohuman transmission of the COVID-19 virus is much faster than the previous two types of coronavirus. As a result, governments have enacted several restrictions aimed at preventing the COVID-19 virus as much as possible, most of which are aimed at self-quarantining and maintaining social distance. These conditions have had many negative consequences for people around the world, but one of the groups affected is those with eating disorders. Prolonged stay at home, lack of access to treatment, as well as anxiety and stress associated with the unknown disease Coronavirus 2019 have led to numerous psychological and physical problems for people with eating disorders. Also, as access to health care has declined during the COVID-19 virus epidemic, health officials need to pay more attention to these patients.