Education Strategies in Medical Sciences
Year:2019 | Volume:12 | Issue:5|Papers Count:15

Introduction: One factor affecting the development and improvement of students' educational achievement is their reading habits and skills. This study aimed at determining the reading habits and skills among students majoring in Babol University of Medical Sciences (BUMS). Methods: This descriptive-analytical research was a cross-sectional survey conducted among all students majoring in BUMS in academic year of 2015-2016. The participants (226 students) were selected randomly from different colleges. PSSHI reading skills questionnaire was used for data collection and independent sample t-test and ANOVA were used for data analysis. Results: Students' reading habits and skills were in moderate level and somewhat appropriate (M=62. 83). Reading habits were significantly different among students with different academic years (p=0. 026), last term grade point averages (p=0. 002), the colleges (p=0. 001) and academic levels (p=0. 001). Conclusions: Students' reading habits and skills in BUMS was in moderate level and somewhat appropriate, but there is still distance to the ideal point. Therefore, new approaches are needed for encouraging more reading and creating appropriate reading skills among students.

Introduction: Academic life is one of the components of psychological well-being in many research systems. This study compares academic vitality, academic achievement, and test anxiety in gifted and normal first-grade students in Khodabandeh city, Iran. Methods: In order to carry out the present research, the required coordination was made with the Khodabandeh Education Department and at the appropriate time, questionnaires were distributed among the students. The statistical population of the present study included all gifted and ordinary first-grade high school students in Khodabandeh city who were studying in the academic year 2018. Using Morgan's table, 358 students were selected using multistage cluster random sampling, and 6 schools were randomly selected from the list of public schools. From these schools, 14 classes were selected and all students of the selected classes took the test, from two gifted school in the region, four classes were randomly selected from each school and 152 students took the test using Morgan's table. Questionnaires for academic achievement, academic vitality and test anxiety of Sarason were provided to them. After collecting the questionnaires, in order to analyze the research findings using descriptive statistics, the mean and standard deviation were used for descriptive comparisons. Results: The present study showed that acceptance of academic help in students with sharp intelligence is more than normal students. Conclusions: This study showed that regular school students are needed to be trained in order to receive and benefit from this skill. Therefore, it is recommended to provide them with the necessary education.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of self-regulation learning strategies, academic participation and hope of education in predicting academic achievement in Karaj city, Iran. Methods The role of self-regulation learning strategies, educational engagement and academic hope in predicting academic achievement of students were studied through descriptive and correlational methods in the statistical population of all high school girl students in Karaj with 470 students using multi-stage random cluster sampling. The research tool was Pintrich and De Groot self-regulatory inventory and academic hope questionnaire. Results: The findings of this study showed Pearson correlation coefficient between the variables of self-regulatory learning strategies with academic engagement (r=0. 23) and self-regulation learning strategies with academic hope (r=0. 55) and academic engagement with academic hope (r=0. 29), which had positive and significant relationships. The statistical method used to determine the academic achievement of the students studied was based on the variables of self-regulatory learning strategies, academic engagement and learning hopes. Multiple regressions were used in a concurrent way and the coefficient of determination equal to R2 = 0. 23. Conclusions: There were a positive, direct, and statistically significant relationship between the research variables, , and academic hope had the most direct effect on academic achievement. . Self-regulation learning strategies, academic engagement and academic hope in the amount of 23 percent of the variance, explained academic achievement and showed significant contributions in academic achievement.

Introduction: Human cognitive activities are affected by the time of doing homework, biologic rhythms and interaction among them. Methods: This research accomplished to specify the fluctuation patterns of daily and weekly cycles of the students attention. The research method was correlation. The statistical population of this study were 45 female students in 11th grade from a high school majored in humanities in Khodabandeh city in 2017-2018 academic year, that have been selected through randomized cluster sampling method at two works in a rotational shiftwork at two times on mornings (8, 9: 30, and 11) and afternoons (13, 14: 30 and 16: 15). Horn and Ostberg questionnaire were used for evaluation of the chronotype of students and for the attention assessment, the parallel forms of the d2 test was carried oud. The mixed analysis of variance was used to analyze data. Results: There was a significant difference between efficiency of students' attention at different times of day and also difference in efficiency of students' attention in the morning, midday and evening chronotypes. Efficiency of students' attention was different in chronotypes at different hours of the day. Conclusions: Regarding the differences of efficiency of students' attention in circadian and weekly rhythms and also individual differences, it is necessary to consider them in teaching and learning process in educational environments.

Introduction: Cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies are among the most important tools for learning and self-efficacy and social adaptation of important components affecting the performance of students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive and meta-cognitive styles training on the level of learning, self-efficacy and social adjustment of students at Farhangian University in Mazandaran province, Iran. Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male students of educational sciences at Farhangian University of Mazandaran province in the academic year 2017. A random sampling method was selected from Farhangian universities in the province, and Farhangian University of Nowshahr city was selected. Then, 60 subjects were randomly assigned to experimental (30) and control (30 persons) groups. Then, social and social self-efficacy questionnaires of Sinha and Singh (1993) and social self-efficacy of Smith and Betz (2000) were used as a pretest for both groups. Cognitive and metacognitive styles were applied to the experimental group in 10 sessions. At the end of this period, both groups completed the above-mentioned questionnaires as post-test. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis. Results: The results of data analysis showed that cognitive and metacognitive training significantly increased social learning and social self-efficacy (p=0. 001), but there was no significant effect on social adjustment of scholars. Conclusions: Considering the effectiveness of cognitive and metacognitive training, it is recommended for improving the academic status of students and increase social self-esteem.

Introduction: One of the important goals and tasks followed by higher education system in each country is training specialized manpower, required by society. Despite efforts made by universities and higher education institutes, university graduates have not been of required efficiency to be appointed for concerned jobs, because the society’ s requirement is not fit with educational methods and contents. The research has been performed to the aim of studying the effect of quality of learning experiences and academic competence on entrepreneurship capabilities of university students. Methods: This applied research is a descriptive-correlational research. Statistical population of the research included all Shiraz University students, studying in “ faculty of literature and human sciences” in academic year of 2018-2019. To determine statistical sample size (295 individuals), Krejcie-Morgan table (1970) has been used. To select statistical samples of the research, stratified random sampling has been used with consideration of students studying in various departments. Learning experience questionnaire by Newman (1990), Academic Competence Evaluation Scales (ACES) by Eliot and DiPerna (2000), and, entrepreneurship capability by Zandi (2013) have been uses as research tools. Results: According to research findings, quality of learning experiences and academic competence of students has effect on their entrepreneurship capability. Other results have been indicatied that among components of quality of learning experiences, content, resources, and flexibility components have significant effect on entrepreneurship capabilities. however, relationship as a component has not much effect on entrepreneurship capability as a variable. Also, other results showed that among components of academic competence, reading, calculation, obsession in class, educational motivation, and study skills have significant effect on entrepreneurship capabilities, however, components of interpersonal skills and critical thinking have not much effect on entrepreneurship capability as a variable. Conclusions: Considering the results obtained from the research, necessity of improving quality of learning experiences and academic competence of student has to be taken into consideration by higher education institutes. In this respect, higher education system is expected to train specialized manpower, while it has to take action for growth of science and knowledge as a social requirement. Moreover, it has to put emphasis on and take into consideration improving quality of learning experiences as an effective factor on increase of entrepreneurship capability of students.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the learning environment based on realtime electronic formative assessment in medical education and its impact on learning. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 323 students studying at the Medical School of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, during the first semester of the academic year of 2017-2018 using a post test control group design. The research hypothesis was studied by means of independent t-test. Results: According to the results, there was a significant difference between the control and intervention groups in students’ learning (P < 0. 05). Conclusions: The findings of the research indicated that the use of real-time electronic formative assessment in the educational environment can enhance students’ learning in medical education.

Introduction: The rehabilitation management’ s master science educational program has been revised many years ago, but due to time and technological changes, the review of this program seems necessary. The aim of the study was to content analysis study for assessing the educational needs of rehabilitation management’ s educational program among students, graduates and professors of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences in 2018. Methods: It was a conventional content analysis study. Data were gathered by semi structured interview with 15 rehabilitation management faculty members, students and graduates. The interviews were conducted with the permission of the participants to record and word-byword writing and analyzed based on Graneheim content analysis method. Results: The findings included 628 open codes which were condensed to the 11 sub categories and 3 main categories. The three main categories included: "Policy review" with the subcategories: "Need assessment before curriculum development", "Focus on scientific advancement of graduates", "Integration of disabled people activities", "Strategic approach to research In this field" and “ the necessity of redefining the reason for the existence of the major". Another main category was "Change in content" with the following sub-classes: "need to revisit the contents of the course", "attention to sociological characteristics", "the content of the curriculum is holistic" and the last main category was "Educational needs changing" with the subcategories "specialized education system", "attention to quality and quantity of education", and "change in educational curriculum". Conclusions: The findings showed that the participants believed that the curriculum of rehabilitating management major should be review and revised in three main categories including the policy, change in content and educational needs.

Introduction: The present research was done, aiming to study the relationship between pessimism and academic engagement with mediation role of hope for future of pre-university students. Methods: The present research was descriptive and correlative, done on 273 persons of preuniversity of Qaen city, Iran. Samples were chosen by cluster sampling. To gather data three standard questionnaire were used: Hope, Schneider and et. al. (1991); educational optimism, Schenmooran and et. al. (2013); education conflict, Reeve and tesing (2011). The reliability of tool was calculated by Kronbach's Alfa. Results: Results showed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between optimism and academic engagement and hope for future and positive and meaningful relationship between hope for future and educational conflict, as well. Also, results of this analysis showed that hope play mediating role in relationship between optimism and educational conflict. Conclusions: Results showed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between educational conflict and hope. In other words, providing background to improve the attitude of students to education and future can decrease their educational conflict.

Introduction: Education of professional ethics is a necessary section of nursing curriculum. To change attitude and function, traditional educational methods are not effective versus active models. This study conducted to comparison of two active learning educational models; roleplaying with jurisprudential inquiry model Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 79 nursing students were selected by stage sampling. Half of them received their education via role-playing and the other half student received it by jurisprudential inquiry model. Data collected via a writing test in two stages. The test designed and validated according to ethical reasoning resources and analyzed with SPSS software. Results: Paired t-test did not show any significant difference between mean scores of ethics in four weeks after education with three months later. Mean score of professional ethics in related with colleges, three months after education, showed a significant difference among jurisprudential inquiry model group (p=0. 03). Conclusions: Jurisprudential inquiry model is more effective than role-playing in long-term remembering of professional ethics of nursing students, especially in relationship with colleges. In short-term, both are effective, equally.

Introduction: Anger has important social and health consequences, particularly cardiovascular health. This study investigated the effectiveness of instructional package of optimal self-esteem on decreasing anger and anger rumination. In framework of Kernis’ s theory of optimal selfesteem and based on mindfulness approach, the package was implemented. Methods: The participants were 50 volunteered Shiraz University students. The research was a pretest-posttest with control group experimental design. The participants were randomly assigned to training group (n=25) and control group (n=25). The instruments of the research, anger rumination scale and multidimensional anger inventory, were completed by both groups at pre and posttest stages. The participants of experimental group were trained for four weeks and twice a week (eight sessions), while the control group did not receive any interventions. Results: The results of MANCOVA showed there were significant differences between experimental and control groups in subscales of anger rumination including angry afterthought, thoughts of revenge, angry memories, understanding of causes and subscales of anger including anger arousal, anger situations and anger-in. Conclusions: The results provide sufficient evidences for effectiveness of the implemented package overall. Mindfulness-based instructions could orient participants toward selfauthenticity by developing self-awareness, growing unbiased cognitive processing, shaping behavior arose from one’ s personal values and facilitating authentic and honest relationship, which in turn could promote secure and optimal self-esteem, and subsequently decrease anger and anger rumination.

Introduction: By passing part of their course in research-based education, medical students are deeply involved in the research field. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the research experiences of medical students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. So, that positive factors could be promoted in the development of research experiences and effective steps were taken to eliminate or reduce negative factors. Methods: The research was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study. The statistical population included all medical students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences at the stage of defense of their dissertation or at the stage of settlement. The research tool was a student experiential research questionnaire with four dimensions of supervision, practical skills, perceptual skills, and social skills. The measure was the Likert criterion from very high: 5, to very low: 1. The mean of the groups was analyzed by means of ANOVA and correlation analysis using Pearson method. Results: The sample size was matched to the volume of the research community. Information was collected from 105 medical students during the period of 2016-2017. The average total score of the student's research experience was 4. 16 ± 0. 25 from 5, which indicates a good study experience of the students. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between "Organizational climate" dimension and all the aspects. Conclusions: Considering the importance of the student's positive research experiences as growing buds, the authorities must pay particular attention to the effective factors in order to promote the development of further research innovations to solve the country's problems.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between academic self-regulation, academic burnout and learning passion with nursing students job adjustment. Methods: The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population of this study included all students of Arak Islamic university that the population of the community was estimated to be 2000 students based on the inquiry from a student deputy of which 280 students were selected by random cluster sampling. The research data were collected by using a self-regulatory questionnaire (1989), academic burnout (1997), students passion scale (2015) and job adjustment (2007). The data was analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression and SPSS20 software. Results: The finding of the study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between academic self-regulation and learning passion with job adjustment (p<. 0. 001). Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between academic burnout and job adjustment (p<0. 001). Moreover, educational self-regulation, academic burnout and learning passion had the ability to predict 30 percent of student job ability. Conclusions: According to the findings of the research, it was concluded that the internal motivation, inbuilt setting, emotional exhaustion, learning inefficient and emotional-cognitive passion had important role in students job adjustment prediction. According to the present study, it is suggested to measure the degree of self-control, academic exhaustion and academic eagerness for predicting nursing students job adaptability.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of meta-cognitive strategies on improving academic performance and social adjustment of students with academic failure in Ticme Dash city, Iran. Methods: The research method is semi experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study was male high school students in Ticm-dash city in the academic year of 2017. Sixty of them were selected through targeted sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The California social adjustment questionnaire was used to measure social adjustment and to assess academic achievement, Students' grade point average (GPA) were used. Then, the 5-sessions of the metacognitive strategies were given to the experimental group. Then, they were taken from both post-test groups and the data were analyzed by covariance analysis using the SPSS software. Results: The results indicated that conducting metacognitive strategies meetings among students with academic failure would increase social adjustment and educational improvement. Conclusions: Teaching of metacognitive strategies among students who have fallen out of school leads to academic achievement and their social adaptation.

Introduction: Successful intelligence is an integrated set of abilities that is necessary for success in life that helps to select, adapt and change the environment in order to achieve goals in life. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of successful intelligent education on test anxiety in high school students. Methods: In this research, the pretest, posttest and control group were used. The population of this study was all high school students in the city of Shahrekord during the academic year 2019. A multistage random cluster sampling method was used to select 50 students and randomly divided into two groups of 25 individuals as a control and experimental group. The experimental group was trained in the educational package of successful intelligence. Both groups were evaluated in the pre-test and post-test by Abolghasemi and colleagues test anxiety questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19. Results: The results of covariance data analysis showed that successful intelligence training on test anxiety in high school students in Shahrekord city was significantly effective (p <0. 001). Conclusions: This research suggests that education and training instructors should emphasize on education and teaching based on this approach in schools to reduce the test anxiety.