Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal
Year:2020 | Volume:19 | Issue:3|Papers Count:10

Background and Objects: Cochlear implant (CI) is now the standard treatment option for management of children with profound hearing loss. Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) are a non-invasive procedure that can be used to objectively assess the maturation of the auditory cortex in children. The objective of current study was to investigate the effect of CI on central auditory plasticity in children through a novel CAEPs recording. Subjects and Methods: In this analytic cross-sectional study, 42 children with profound prelingual hearing loss (age range: 2-3 yr) participated. The CAEP responses were recorded across before implantation, 4-month post-implantation, and 8-month postimplantation time points via HearLab system. For all children, the latency and wave amplitude of P1 wave was determined in response to /m/, /g/ and /s/ speech stimuli. Results: The mean latency of P1 wave was significantly reduced for all speech stimuli after implantation compared to pre-CI time point (P <0. 001). Similarly, the amplitude of P1 was significantly increased for after CI compared to pre-CI condition (P <0. 001). Furthermore, the comparison of the latency and wave amplitude of the P1 in response to different speech stimuli demonstrated that the lowest latency and the largest amplitude was belong to /g/, and /m/ stimuli, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the latency and amplitude of CAEPs after implantation were reduced and increased, respectively. These results providing a document for increased neuroplasticity in auditory cortex region in children with congenital deafness who underwent cochlear implantation aged below 3 yr.

Background and Objective: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the few bacteria that can infect all body organs The aim of this study was to compare the reliability of the cefoxitin disk diffusion method with other phenotypic and molecular methods in detection of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Furthermore, this study was designed to determine the relative prevalence of MRSA and its antibiotic susceptibility in clinical specimens of admitted patients in Ahvaz educational hospitals. Materials and Methods: A total of 693 S. aureus isolates were collected from clinical specimens of Ahvaz hospitals. Detection of MRSA strains was performed using Oxacillin disk diffusion, Oxacillin screening agar, cefoxitin disk diffusion and PCR. The S. aureus susceptibility test was also performed by disk diffusion and vancomycin agar screening methods. Results: 0ut of a total of 693 specimens, 280 specimens were confirmed as S. aureus. A number of MRSA, 121 (43. 2%) strains by Oxacillin disk diffusion, 122 (43. 5%) strains by Oxacillin screening agar, 123 (43. 9%) were identified by cefoxitin disk diffusion and PCR. The results of antibiotic susceptibility pattern showed the highest resistance toward the erythromycin (98. 3%), followed by ciprofloxacin(97. 5%), clindamycin (94. 3%), tetracycline (90. 2%), gentamicin (83. 7%) and rifampin (41. 4%) were noticed. On the other hand, the least resistance was observed against teicoplanin (0%), linzolide (0%), and vancomycin (0%). Conclusion: The prevalence of MRSA in our region was relatively high, but these strains were totally sensitive to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linzolide antibiotics. Cefoxitin disk test is a reliable method for detection of MRSA strains.

Background and Objectives: Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes leading to clinical symptoms and diminished quality of life. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of resistance training on clinical symptoms and quality of life in type-2 diabetic men with peripheral neuropathy. Subjects and Methods: In this clinical trial 30 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy randomized to the experimental or placebo groups. The experimental group underwent a resistance training program with the frequency of 3 sessions per week, at the intensity of 50-80% one repetition maximum, 1-3 sets for each exercise over 12 weeks. Before and after the experimental period clinical symptoms of neuropathy (Michigan Diabetic Neuropathy Score), quality of life (SF-36), quality of sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory) were assessed and blood samples were collected. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-test at significance level of 0. 05. Results: Michigan Diabetic Neuropathy Score (MDNS) improved significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group (P < 0. 05). Moreover, fasting glucose and HbA1c significantly decreased following exercise intervention (P< 0. 05). In addition, quality of life, quality of sleep and fatigue index improved in the experimental group (P < 0. 05). Conclusion: Based on the results, resistance training seems to be a proper intervention to improve clinical symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and quality of life diabetic patients suffering from peripheral neuropathy.

Background and Objective: Maxillofacial cosmetic surgeries are one of the most popular surgeries in the country and various factors are involved in the tendency for these types of surgeries. This study aimed to investigate the effect of social networks on Ahvazian women's tendency for these types of surgeries. Subjects and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptiveanalytical study. Sample size was calculated as 200 persons, using Cochran formula and stratified random sampling. statistical population was women who referred for cosmetic surgeries to ten offices of maxillofacial surgeons and ENT specialists private offices in Ahvaz city. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software and independent t-test. Results: The results of this study showed that social networks can increase the tendency for cosmetic surgeries by various ways such as reducing self-confidence and increasing negative impression of face, advertising, increasing social pressure on women, make a desire to approach ideal faces and increasing face acceptance and attracting men in social networks. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, despite the positive aspects, social networks have negative aspects and can be effective in increasing the tendency of women to have maxillofacial cosmetic surgeries.

Background and Objective: MAO-A is an enzyme that breaks down neural mediators such as dopamine and serotonin. This study investigates the relationship between monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) gene polymorphism with exercise motivation and physical activity level in healthy men and women. Subjects and Methods: One hundred twenty-two participants (age mean 24. 37 ± 5. 72 years old, 55 males and 67 females) completed the behavioral regulation in exercise questionnaire– 2 (BREQ-2) to assess their motivation to exercise and The International Physical Activity Questionnaire questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess their level of physical activity. DNA was isolated from a cheek cell sample. MAO-A genotype was identified by PCR with specific primers. Results: One-way ANOVA test for comparing BREQ-2 scores and specific motivational groups showed that the mean of BREQ-2 total scores was not significantly different between genotypes. Also, there was no significant difference in motivational categories between genotypes (P>0. 05). It was also found that individuals carrying the 3. 5/3. 5 genotype had more body activity per week than the other two genotypes, although this difference was not significant (P>0. 05). Conclusion: In general, the present study did not show the expected relationship between MAO-A genotype and level of physical activity because there was no difference between the amount of physical activity and MAO-A genotypes. This suggests that intrinsic factors play an important role in determining the level of physical activity.

Background and Objective: The effect of cyclin D1 expression on prostate cancer has not yet been elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship of the immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1 with tumor progression. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, tissue samples of patients referred to Imam Khomeini, Shahid Baqaei and Golestan hospitals of Ahvaz with confirmed diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia were used. Clinical and demographic data of patients were extracted from hospital records. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using anticyclin D1 monoclonal antibody. Results: In this study, 69 tissue samples from patients with prostate cancer were studied. Mean age of patients was 70 year. Immunohistochemical expression analysis of cyclin D1 showed that only 6% of patients were negative and 32% had very strong expression. The high (plus-plus) expression of cyclin D1 was significantly more frequent in high grade tumors (P=0. 02). Conclusion: Overall, the findings of this study indicate that the cyclin D1 marker is broadly increased in prostate malignancy and its upregulation may be related to tumor grade based on Gleason score.

Aim: Treatment of diabetes mellitus type 1 in children is achieved with different insulin regimens. Evaluation of each of these regimens and comparing them together, helps us to decide which of them is better for our patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate glycemic control and anthropometric indices in DM1 patients under treatment with two different insulin regimen (conventional and basal & bolus (. Method: In this cross sectional study 73 children with DM1 divided into two groups (conventional therapy= 35patients and basal & bolus treatment in 38 patients). Demographic data include: age, sex, height, weight, BMI, duration of diabetes, mean FBS in last month, mean post prandial glucose in last month, mean 9 month HbA1C, number of hypoglycemia in last month and number of DKA in last year. Result: There was higher height and weight Z score of patients in basal & bolus group compare to conventional group. (P: 0. 024). But there was not significant difference in BMI Z score between two groups, and also there was not significant difference in glycemic control and acute complications (hypoglycemia and DKA) between two groups. Conclusion: Therapeutic regimen must be achieved by considering personal, familial and psychological property in Iranian patients.

Background and Objective: Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) are a group of heterogeneous disorders of the immune system that, if not properly diagnosed and treated, result in chronic, serious, and often life-threatening infections. Worldwide, from 70 to 90% of PID sufferers remain undiagnosed because of poor awareness. The aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness of general practitioners and pediatricians about primary immunodeficiency disease in the city of Ahvaz. Materials and Methods: An 80-item questionnaire, which was designed into 5 sections: clinical symptoms; associated diseases, and their symptoms; family history; laboratory investigations; and clinical management. The validity and the reliability of the designed questionnaire was assessed in a pilot study by Cronbach coefficient calculation. Results: The Cronbach's alpha value was 0. 79. A total of 257 physicians (200 general practitioners and 57 pediatricians) participated in the study. The mean age of participants was 30. 35± 8. 54 yr (range 25-59, 61. 48% females and 38. 52% of males). Among the pediatricians the overall mean knowledge score was 58. 91± 5. 47% (49. 31 to 90. 41%), while for the general practitioners the mean score was 65. 22± 10. 68% (45. 20 to 75. 34%). There was a significant difference in the percentages of correct answers between pediatricians and general practitioners (P<0. 0001). Moreover, 45. 6% of pediatricians and 9. 5% of general practitioners answered more than 67% of the questions correctly. Conclusions: The results of this study revealed that the both general practitioners and pediatricians in Ahvaz city have an overall low level of awareness on PID. These results suggest that a more comprehensive pre/postgraduate education in PID appears to be necessary for these groups of health care professionals.

Purpose: Cancer is a disease that has a significant impact on the lives of those who suffering and their families. This study aimed to compare the effect of music therapy and writing on improving the life quality of students with cancer aged 8 to 14 years. Methodology: This study was a quasi-experimental one with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. 45 students aged 8 to 14 years were selected from the oncology ward of Bandar Abbas children hospital and were randomly allocated into two groups of experimental and control. The research tools were collected in two groups and two stages. The music group listened to music for 4 weeks and writing group wrote about their own feelings, thoughts and emotions on an event or emotional burden of the cancer for 30 min daily for 4 consecutive weeks. Data were analyzed using multivariable covariance analysis and Spss software 23. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the effectiveness of music therapy and writing on physical performance, social performance and quality of life. But there was no significant difference in the influence of both groups on academic performance and emotional performance. Conclusion: In fact, therapies that lead to the discharge of negative emotions improve their mental health.

Background and Objection: Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the immune system that affects the central nervous system and can lead to changes in walking and often postural imbalances. As a consequence changes in walking are the main problem of MS patients, which limits their daily activities and increases the risk of falling injuries. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in the center of pressure, reaction time and difference center of pressure with center of mass in gait initiation of 20 to 40 yr old women with MS in response to external disturbances. Subjects and Mehtods: Ten MS patients and 10 healthy subjects participated in this study and the gait initiation protocol: go from standing to steady-state walking on two force plates, and their central pressure and the reaction time were measured using two force plate. Results: MS patients had the maximum distance between the center of pressure AP (antrioposterior), more changes in the COP-COM (center of presser-center of mass) different in AP and ML (anterioposterior and mediolatral) direction in feed-forward phase, and more changes in COP-COM difference in feed-back phase at the gait initiation. Conclusion: According to these findings, it seems that the decrease in the center of pressure in both directions and the COPCOM difference in the feed-forward phase in MS patients can be a reason for the relationship between the gait initiation and falling due to reduced reaction time, decreased postural control or both. On the other hand, the increase in the difference between COPCOM in the feedback phase can be considered as a reason for continuous control of the body center of mass within the stability boundary, which emphasizes the need for balance training in lower limbs of MS patients.