Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Year:2020 | Volume:28 | Issue:6|Papers Count:8

Introduction: In the recent months, the world has been exposed to a serious and evolving threat called the Corona virus disease 2019. A virus that did not take more than a month to become a pandemic disease and it has infected the whole world with its contagion. The virus, which originated in the Chinese city of Wuhan, quickly infected millions of people around the world. As a result, borders were closed internationally, communications were reduced, and billions were quarantined in their homes. The most important strategies recommended by the World Health Organization and the centers for disease control and prevention are such as social distancing, personal hygiene, and disinfection. This situation led to a significant increase in demand for masks, gloves, alcohol, and disinfectants. However, excess in this area may cause various psychological disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder and hoarding, which need further attention and investigation.

Introduction: An important disadvantage of current dental resin composites is their polymerization shrinkage and production of microleakage. This shrinkage can cause tooth sensitivity, marginal discoloration, and secondary caries. The objective of this study was to review the effective factors on microleakage of methacrylate and silorane composites and compare them with each other. This reviewed article was compiled and searched on library sources and Google scholar, Pubmed, ISI of science database, using the key words “ Microleakage, Siloran-Based Composite, Methacrylate-Based Composite, Retentive Groove, Light Curing Technique, ” from 1984-2019. Although it is not yet definitely clear, which methods of layering techniques (oblique, vertical, split) are more suitable, it seems that the layering technique has advantage over the bulkythat can effective in decreasing the shrinkage caused by polymerization and the resulting microlaekage. It can also be concluded that silorane base composites have less shrinkage, but some factors such as cavity type, cavity extent, cavity margin distance to CEJ, type of silorane base bonding system are also involves in their microleakage. It seems the presence of retention grooves in the cavities seems useful, because it increases the bonding area and mechanical retention as well as decreases the marginal shrinkage due to polymerization and the resulting microleakage. Conclusion: Finally, it can be said that microleakage cannot be stopped completely, and more studies, especially clinical studies, should be conducted to show the effects of these cases clinically.

Introduction: Hamartomatous Polyposis Syndromes (HPS) are a rare group of dominant autosomal inheritance, which is characterized by the development of hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. This syndrome included Juvenile Polyposis syndrome (JPS), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), and PTEN Hamartoma Tumour Syndrome (PHTS). PTEN Hamartoma Tumour Syndrome (PHTS) itself includes Cowden Syndrome, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba Syndrome (BRRS), and Proteus Syndrome. Diagnosis of Hamartum polyarthritis syndrome (HPS) is routinely made based on clinical criteria, but sometimes the diagnosis of this syndrome becomes problematic due to the varying severity of clinical symptoms even within a family. Therefore, today, genetic testing of germ-related mutations associated with this disease is used in the diagnosis process. Management strategy of the syndrome is different due to extra-intestinal symptoms and various cancers. Clinical awareness and early diagnosis of HPS is important, so it is recommended to patients and families at risk for genetic counseling and care. Surveillance in children with HPS might prevent intestinal and extra-intestinal disorders, and reduce the risk of intestinal cancer or breast cancer in adults.

Introduction: Occurrence of pleural effusion occurs in both hospitalized and outpatients. Recognizing the most important and common causes of pleural effusion in each region and in different communities can be a useful step in early and timely diagnosis of the causes and, consequently, timely treatment and thus reducing the time and burden of diagnostic and therapeutic costs imposed on patients. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 407 patients admitted to Sina and Shahid Beheshti hospitals in Hamadan were studied by census. Data were analyzed with SPSS software (ver. 16). Results: From 407 patients with pleural effusion in this study, 262 persons (64. 4%) were men and 145 (35. 6%) women. There were 244 persons (60%) with exudative pleural effusion, 110 persons (27%) with transudate effusion and 53 persons (13%) with empyema. Out of 244 exudative effusion cases, in 135 cases (55. 3%) were recorded pneumonia, 50 cases (20. 5%) lung malignancy, 33 cases (13. 5%) other malignancies, 13 cases (5. 3%) tuberculosis, 7 cases (2. 9%) pulmonary thromboemboli and 6 remained cases (2. 5%) were other causes. Pneumonia was the most common cause of empyema. Conclusion: According to results of this study, exudative pleural effusion was the most common type of effusions. In all types of pleural effusions, the most common site of involvement was right hemithorax. Identifying common causes of pleural effusions in each region facilitates the initial treatment of pleural effusions until reaching a definitive diagnosis.

Introduction: Menopause can change the musculoskeletal system by reducing estrogen hormone levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of regular resistance training accompanied by vitamins D and calcium supplements during pre-menopausal period on muscle tissues of Wistar rats’ postmenopausal period. Methods: In this experimental study, female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, placebo, vitamins D, Calcium, excercise, vitamins D-Calcium, vitamins. D-excercise, Calcium-excercise, and vitamins. D‐ Calcium-excercise groups. Control and placebo groups were fed with a standard diet and sesame oil, respectively. The amount of calcium consumed was 35 mg / kg and the amount of vitamin D was 10000 IU during the two-month period, and in the resistance training groups, two months of training was performed with a ladder. Then ovariectomy was done and sample of the gastrocnemius muscle was taken and the diameter of muscle fiber, the number of muscle and adipocyte cell as well as the number of inflammatory cells were studied. The statistical analysis by means of one-way ANOVA and SPSS version 20 was performed. Results: Compared to the control group, the increase in the number of adipocyte cells were observed in the vitamin D, calcium-vitamin D, vitamin D-resistance exercise and placebo groups but it was not significantly different. Muscle fiber diameter significantly increased in all groups compared to the control group (P <0. 001). The number of muscle cells increased significantly in the calcium-resistance exercise group (103± 9), vitamin D-resistance exercise (105 ± 6. 9) and calcium-vitamin D-resistance exercise (114 ± 3. 16) compared to the control group, while, there was a significant increase in inflammatory cells only in the control and placebo groups (p≤ 0. 05). Conclusion: Regular resistance exercise accompanied with vitamin D and Calcium supplements in premenopausal period can improve muscle fiber diameter and muscle cell numbers; in addition, the process of decrease in the muscle strength and muscle inflammation during menopause will be delayed.

Introduction: The mTOR and SREBP1 proteins play an important role important in the regulation and metabolism of adipose tissue that can be activated through the mTORC1 pathway. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks endurance training on the content of mTOR and SREBP1 proteins in subcutaneous fat tissue in obese type 2 diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 16 three-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats with a mean weight of 300± 20 g were selected. After diabetic induction with Streptozotocin and Nicotinamide, rats were randomly assigned to two groups, diabetic training (n=8) and diabetic control (n=8). The training group trained for 4 days a week in accordance with the training program for 8 weeks, while the control group did not have any training program. The independent t-test in SPSS software ver. 19 was used to analyze the data. Results: There was a significant increase in the content of mTOR (p<0. 0001) and SREBP1 (p<0. 0001) proteins in the training group compared to control; The control group weight increased (p<0. 003) and training group (p<0. 002) significantly decreased at the end of the eighth week compared to the first week. The blood glucose increased in the control group (p<0. 001) and decreased in the exercise group (p<0. 0001) in the eighth week compared to the first week. Conclusion: Endurance training can adjust the weight, blood glucose and proteins content of mTOR and SREBP1; Therefore, endurance training can be an important factor in controlling and regulating fat tissue metabolism; this type of training can be effective for obese subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Loading the active ingredients of medicinal plants in lipid nanoparticles reduces the reaction of the active substance with the surrounding environment, such as water and oxygen, and reduces the intensity of transmission or evaporation to the external environment. In this study, intended to enhance efficacy of ginger extract, encapsulation in nanoliponiosome synthesized by thin-film hydration method were done and their antifungal effect on the growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus were studied. Methods: In this experimental laboratory study, derivation was done using Soxhlet extractor method. Antifungal activity of ginger extract was specific by disc diffusion and microplate dilution methods. The inhibitory effect of extract was investigated. Physiochemical characteristics and structural characterization of nanoparticle were evaluated from the perspective of in vitro efficiency, drug release, nanoparticle size, zeta potential, surface morphology and FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), DLS (Dynamic light scattering) and finally SEM (Scanning electron microscope) spectra. Results: FTIR investigations showed ginger extract and nanoliponiosome had no chemical interaction leading to change the functional groups. SEM microscope showed the spherical mprphology of particles and average particles size of 73nm. Ginger extract was loaded into the nanoliponiosome with a yield of 71%. It was also found out that ginger extract had a stronger antifungal effect against Aspergillus flavus fungus compared to the Aspergillus parasiticus fungus. At both 37° C and 42° C, the release of ginger extract was higher at pH of 4. 5 compared to neutral pH (7. 4). Conclusion: Nanoliponiosomes containing ginger extract with good physicochemical properties, increased drug stability and good release control can be promising antifungal agents with high antifungal effects and low side effects.

Introduction: The number of neurons in the hippocampus can have a direct effect on its function. The plant Brazembel from the mint family may have antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of stress and Brazmble extract on neuronal density of CA1, CA2 in male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n=5), including control, and negative control under stress, also experimental group, including stress and get Brazmbl doses of the extract mL 50, mL 75 and mL 100. Limiting stress for 21 days, the rats were exposed in 2 hours. Groups receiving the extract for 21 days, to get inside limiting extracts were gavaged. After removal of the brain by perfusion, the hippocampus was excised and stained, and the neuronal density was calculated by dissector and metasteriology. The results were analyzed by Minitab 16 software with t-test and ANOVA at a significant level (P <0. 05). Results: Statistical analysis of the data showed that the mean neuronal density in the stress group compared to the control in CA1 and CA2 had a significant decrease (p <0. 01). The mean neuronal density of CA1 region between the stress group (29 ± 3) and hydroalcoholic treatment at 50 mg / kg (25 ± 3) showed a significant increase. In addition, the mean neuronal density in the stress group with 75 mg / kg extract (27± 3) and in the group treated with hydroalcoholic extract was 100 mg / kg (25 ± 3). Mean neuronal density of CA2 region between the stress (21 ± 3) and hydroalcoholic treatment at 50 mg / kg (28 ± 3) groups showed a significant increase (p <0. 01). The mean neuronal density in the stress group with 75 mg / kg extract was 27 ± 3 and in the hydroalcoholic extract treatment group was 100 mg / kg (22 ± 3), which increased significantly compared to the stress group (p <0. 01). Conclusion: The results of the current study show that the hydroalcoholic extract of plant Bromzebel probably increases the neuronal density of the brain hippocampus due to its polyphenolic substances such as flavonoids, which is due to its high antioxidant properties.