Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal
Year:2016 | Volume:25 | Issue:2|Papers Count:20

This study was carried out to comparison and survey on metazoan parasites of Otolithes ruber in coastal waters of Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman. Totally 318 fish specimens were seasonally caught by gill net, bottom trawl and hook in Khozestan, Hormozgan and Sistan and Baluchestan Provinces from summer 2013 to spring 2014. Specimens immediately were frozen and transferred to laboratory and after measuring fish weight and length, parasitological survey conducted on external and internal organs. Totally, 20 different parasites species were observed from O. ruber in mentioned areas that some of them occurred in all three regions and the others were only in one or two areas. The results of this study showed that monogeneans and digeneans had the highest occurrence in three regions while other groups were less abundant in each area. The results of statistical analyses showed significant differences among parasites abundance in different seasons. As well as a significant differences were found between male and female and parasites abundance of Digenea in Khozestan, Monogenea and Cestoda in Hormozgan and Nematoda in Sistan and Baluchesta Provinces. The prevalence of parasites depends on environmental conditions and presence of intermediate hosts that these factors are likely to be different in the three regions.

In this study, the effects of starvation and re-feeding on growth performance and body biochemical composition of Blue Streak Hap (Labidochromis caeruleus) were conducted at autumn 2014. A total of 450 fish were assigned to 5 treatments with 3 replicates. 15 tanks were prepared with a volume of approximately 120 liters and trial period was considered 48 days in experimental conditions. Treatments included 0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 days of starvation. Fish after two weeks of acclimatization to the laboratory conditions, were examined based on the pattern of starvation and re-feeding. The results of the growth performance and biochemical composition showed that, treatments 2 and 4 days of starvation, compared to the control group were able to compensatory growth in the period of re-feeding and did not show a significant difference in any of the treatments (P>0.05). But treatments 8 and 16 days of starvation not be able to compensate growth and expenditure of excess metabolic energy due to starvation period, and had significant differences in the growth and nutritional factors as well as significant differences in the lipid and protein level compared to the control group.

The aim of this study was to optimize the nanoencapsulation of fish Omega 3 fatty acids with use ofcomplex coasevation technique which was performed by using response surface methodology (RSM) in the central composite design (CCD). Nanoparticles containing omega-3 fatty acid were produced byRainbow trout skin gelatin and Arabic gum as walls using complex coacervation technique. Theeffects of three independent variables as fish gelatin concentration (33-66%), the concentration ofomega-3 fatty acids (10-30%) and the homogenizer speed at three levels (10000, 15000 and 20000rpm) on the dependent variables such as particle size, oil level, encapsulated oil and nanoencapsulation efficiency were evaluated. The results showed that the homogenizer speed significantly had the greatest impact on the particle size (P<0.01). Determination of the nanoparticle surface oil in dicatedthat surface oil was higher in the treatments with higher levels of omega-3 fatty acid than the treatments with lower concentration of omega-3 fatty acid. Nanoencapsulation efficiency of produced powder was recorded at about 41.98-74.69 %. Therefore, it is recommended to use 33% fish gelatin with 30% omega-3 fatty acids at 20000 rpm for production of omega-3 fatty acids nanocapsules with desired properties.

Berger is one of the most significant products as fish paste, now produced of red meat and red meat wastewith different qualities, does not have much nutritional value.Using fish as an alternative to red meat, diversify and enhance the quality of nutritional value and the ability to use for all ages in the community of the aims of this study were, in addition the combined use of a cultured marine species is effective and to raise the index of unsaturated fatty acids and amino acids in the final product.In this study the effects of different replacement of kilka meat instead of Silver carp in the preparation of the consolidated burger on the acceptance, as well as changes unsaturated fatty acids and poly factor that it considered during 5months of the best treatment choice for industrial production to be introduced industry Therefore 4 treatments Burger compilation as follows: Treatment (control), combination of burger with%100 Silver carp meat, treatment 1, combination of burger with %100 Kilka meat, treatment 2, combination of burger with %75+25 Kilka and Silver carp meat, treatment 3, combination of burgerwith %50+50 Kilka and Silver carp meat, after adding the %5.6 flour and breadcrumbs, %6 onions, %5soy, %3.25tomato paste, % 0.15 lemon juice, %2.1 garlic and egg powder and spices and %1.2salt totreatments, after preparation and packaging of the kept at cold room (-18oc) was evaluated.According to treatment 3 test (50% Kilka meat and 50% Silver carp meat) with the other treatments hadsignifi cant difference (p<0.05) and had higher levels of unsaturated fatty acid. Also the treatment 2, control and 1 respectively are secondary priorities. According to the goals of this project that combineKilka and Silver crap meat on preparation of fusion burger is to economies the final product, resultswithin 5 months of product storage at-18oC reflects the fact that product quality in the long termpreservation of unsaturated fatty acids has been accepted.

There is growing concern regarding nano-sized material discharge into water bodies and their subsequent toxicity to aquatic lives owing to increasingly rapid development and industrial applications of nanoparticles. This study evaluates the oral prescription of silymarin and Nickel Oxide nanoparticles in rainbow trout with an emphasis on growth indices and digestive enzymes activity. To that end, 1200 fish (3.83±0.01g) were randomly allotted into 8 distinct treatments including control group without any supplemental dietary Nickel Oxide nanopartcles or silymarin and the remaining seven experimental groups comprised of different combinations of Nickel Oxide nanoparticles (0, 100 and 500 mg /kg feed) and silymarin (0 and 1 g /kg feed) in the first and second month of the trial. All treatments were carried out in trplicate and the experiment lasted for 60 days. Results showed that the highest amylase activity was recorded in treatment 6 (16.56±1.00) (0 mg Nickel nanoparticle along with 1 g silymaryn - 500 mg Nickel nanoparticle and 1 g silymarin) which significantly differed from treatments 5 (0 mg Nickel Oxide nanoparticles and 1 mg silymarin-100 mg Nickel Oxide nanoparticles with 1 mg silymarin), 7 and 8 (fed diets containing 100 and 500 mg Nickel Oxide nanoparticles, respectively) (P≤0.05). The highest alkaline protease activity was observed in treatment 1 (0.54±0.05) (without any supplemental Nickel or silymarin), which was significantly different from those of treatments 7 and 8 (P≤0.05). The highest lipase activity was reported for treatment 4 (1.03±0.04) (500 mg Nickel nanoparticle with 1 g silymaryn- 0 mg nanoparticle and 1 g silymarin) which was significantly different from other treatments (P≤0.05). The results showed that simultaneous use of Nickel nanoparticle and silymarin in treatments 3, 4, 5 and 6 led to higher digestive enzymes activities in comparison to treatments 7 and 8. However, growth indices did not show any noticeable differences amongst studied treatments. It seems that in a long term exposure to Nickel Oxide nanoparticles and simoltanoues dietary silymarin inclusion, it would also be possible to observe differences in growth and nutritional indices, requiring furthure clarification.

Rotifers are an important group of zooplankton in aquatic ecosystems that contain relatively high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, proteins and peptides. Rotifers, especially Brachionus plicatilis species, are one of the important live food sources for maine fish larvae in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of purified peptides from B. plicatilis. Antioxidant peptids of the B. plicatilis have been hydroylzed by Alcalase, α-Chymotrypsin, Papain, Neutrase, Pepsin, and Trypsin. Their antioxidant activity were evaluated by the free radical inhibitpory effect of diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Also the sequential chromatography method was used for extraction and purification of the peptides. The results showed that peptides obtained from the pepsin hydrolysate have a higher inhibitory effect than other peptides. Pepsin showed 58% inhibitory effect in 0.015 mM DPPH. Finally, the pepsin hydrolyzate constitutes were purified and isolated by gel-filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-250) and reverse-phase liquid chromatography on Eurospher C18 column (250×4.6 mm), respectively. The results of this study have been recognized the high antioxidant activities of extracted hydrolysates from B. plicatilis and their feasibility of using them in food industries as a food complement.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary methionine and lysine supplementation on digestive enzymes activity in juvenile Sobaity, Sparidentex hasta. For this purpose, 180 juvenile fish with an initial average weight of 31.38±1.4 g were distributed randomly in eighteen (300 L) polyethylene tanks. 6 experimental diets were prepared with different levels of methionine and lysine including control diet (without dietary methionine and lysine), Diet 1: 100% methionine; Diet 2: 75% methionine and 25% lysine; Diet 3: 50% methionine and 50% lysine; Diet 4: 25% methionine and 75% lysine; Diet 5: 100% lysine. During the experimental period, fish were fed to satiation thrice daily (8:00, 13:00 and 18:00 hours) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, digestive enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, lipase and total protease were effected by different dietary levels of methionine and lysine supplementations (P<0.05). Also, the activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin had showed an increasing trend with increased amount of diet lysine while enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase was higher in treatments contains maximum amount of methionine supplementation. According to results, the increasing of lysine in diet reduced enzyme activity of lipase. The results, showed no significant differences between experimental treatments in amylase and total protease (P<0.05). Based on the results of evaluation digestive enzymes, amino acids supplements of lysine and methionine were changed the activity of digestive enzymes in juvenile Sobaity, (S. hasta). Finally, Diet 2 with 75% methionine and 25% lysine was suggested for used by Sobaity, as to the balance of dietary methionine and lysine supplementation.

Among the echinoderms, the Ophiuroidea comprise the most diverse class with more than 2,000 species. They occur in nearly any marine habitat, ranging from the poles to the equator and are distributed from the tidal zone down to several thousand meters of depths. Often, their similar morphology makes their species identification difficult. The present study was conducted in order to identify and evaluate the species-spectra of ophiuroids in the Chabahar Bay. Samples were collected from the intertidal zone of Tis port in the west of Chabahar in October 2013, where coarse sediments and pebbles dominate. The samples were examined in the laboratory based on several factors including dorsal and ventral disc and arms. Two representatives of the family Ophiothrichidae were identified: Ophiothrix savgnyi and Macrophiothrix elongata.

Aquatic environments received huge amount of pollutants such as heavy metals, hydrocarbons, pesticides and organic materials every day. In this study, the effect of dissolved cadmium chloride on liver and gill in Chondrostoma regium was investigated. For this purpose, one hundred fishes were caught by sein net from one of the branches of Zayandeh Roud and transferred to the laboratory. The experiments consist of four treatments including: control group (without cadmium), 0.5, 2.5 and 7.5 µg/l cadmium concentrations. For histopathological studies liver and gill were performed at the end of experiment the samples were fixed in 10% formalin.The highest rate of cadmium concentration was observed in gill at 7.5 μg/l of cadmium equivalent. Hyperplasia, clubbing and fusion were the main gill histopathological changes. Congestion, nuclear psychosis and necrosis were the main liver histopathological signs. Intensity of gill and liver damages showed increased trend in a dose dependent manner.

In this study population genetic structure of freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) in Iran wasinvestigated using direct sequencing of mtDNA control region. A total of 132 samples were collectedfrom the different locations. The quality and quantity of total DNA were determined by agarose gelelectrophoresis ethidium bromide staining and spectrophotometery, respectively. The results showed that 38 haplotypes were observed between samples in sequencing analyses. The haplotype diversity (h) and nucleotide diversity (π) were 0.811±0.049 and 0.0127±0.0038 sequencing techniques, respectively. Tajima’s D and chi-square (c2) values were 3.120 and 78.25, respectively. The significant positive D value for the samples might suggest balancing selection. Significantly negative Fu's Fs values and significantly positive Harpending test values were taken as evidence of a population expansion.The results of FST ,Exact test and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated that samples between Siahdarvishan River , Jafrood River and Astara region in the southwest Caspian sea statistically are significant in sequencing techniques (P<0.0001).Therefore three distinct groups were identified. These results showed that haplotype distributions in different locations were significant and populations of Siahdarvishan River and Astara region statistically were significant (P<0.0001). These results suggests that the unique genetic structure of Siahdarvishan River, Jafrood River and Astara region represent a highly valuable genetic resource and provide useful information for identifying populations and genetic improvemnet.

This study was conducted in order to determine the Iron levels in muscle, liver and gill tissues of Cyprinus carpio at the farmed ponds in Karoon river of three area, north (Shushtar), center (Ahvaz) and South (Khoramshahr) from Khuzestan Province of I.R. Iran in 2010. Fifteen fish were collected from each area. Iron was extracted and its concentration was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, Perkin Elmer. Data were statistically analyzed with SPSS14 at 0.05 confidence level. The order of Fe concentration in organs of Cyprinus carpio was gill> liver> muscle. The average of Fe levels in muscle, liver and gill were 0.82±0.07, 6.18±0.61 and 6.66±0.45 mg/ Kg dw, respectively. The highest and lowest concentration of Fe in fish muscle were observed in Khoramshahr and Shushtar area, which were 0.98 and 0.54 mg/ Kg dw, respectively. According to the results of this study, accumulation of Fe in muscle of Cyprinus carpio was higher than FDA standards (0.5 ppm).

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of garlic powder on growth factors, survival rate and body composition of cultured Litopenaeus vannamei by Caspian Sea water. Four groups of beluga sturgeon with mean weight of 34.20±0.44 g were raised for 56 days in fiber glass tanks (20 shrimp to each tank) and feeding with different levels of garlic powder with concentrations of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% (Three replicates were used for each concentration). At the end of the trial, growth factors (Mean weight increased, percent of weight increased, feed conversion ratio and specific growth rate) and body composition were determined and compared with control group. Our results confirmed that shrimp fed on diet supplemented with 1.0 % garlic powder had significantly higher growth factors and survival rate compared to other treatments (P<0.05). The study of body chemical composition showed significant difference in percent of protein was observed in 1.0% treatment compare to 0.25% and control groups (P<0.05), although, no significant difference in moisture, crude lipids and Ash percentage was observed between different treatments (P>0.05). Based on the results, using of garlic powder, especially at the level of 1.0% in order to improve the growth performance, survival rate and body composition of L. vannamei is recommended.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Butachlor on some blood parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 150 pieces of fish in five experimental groups (25, 50, 75, 100% dosage of LC50 and control) were exposed to various concentrations of the herbicide Butachlor for 6 days and changes in the blood parameters were studied. At the end of experiment, there were significant difference (p<0.05) between experimental treatments in terms of their number of red and white blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit values. MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. The number of red and white blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit values decreased with increasing Butachlor concentration. Also MCH and MCHC showed decreasing trend by increasing percentage of Butachlor. These two factors as well as MCH were significantly different in control compared to the other treatments. Regarding MCV, an insightful difference was observed between control group and other groups. Increasing Butachlor concentration reduced every studied factor eloquently. Moreover, in every factor except WBC, there was a significant difference between low (25%, 50%) and high (75%, 100%)concentration of the Butachlor. Evidently, change in different blood factors of fish under the Butachlor toxin had cause a reduction in their protection system and mortality.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Padina astraulis extract on the growth performances (final weight (FW) and daily growth ratio (DGR)), feed indices (feed conversion rate (FCR), voluntary feed intake (VFI), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and lipid efficiency ratio (LER) and body chemical (protein, fat, moisture and ash) and fatty acid profile of Mugil cephalus for 62 days. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 360 of Mugil cephalus larvae (with average weight of 0.82±0.02g) in 4 treatments and 3 replicates (n=30 in each replicate) and included: control group without using algae extract, an another groups (treatment 2, 3 and 4) the amounts of this extract were 5,10 and 15 g/kg food. The results showed that at the end of experiment, the highest FW (4.22±0.11g), DGI (1.77±0.51%), the lowest FCR (0.95±0.05), the highest VFI (2.81±0.12 %), the highest PER (2.91±0.78), the highest LER (3.66±0.54), the highest crude protein (23.51±0.98%), the highest crude lipid (18.95±0.08%) and the highest poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) including C18:2n-6 (6.51±0.04%), C18:3n-3 (4.81±0.09%) and C20:5n-3 (EPA) (5.21±0.10%) were observed in the diet containing 15 g /kg algae extract in all of these parameters, treatment 4 showed a significant difference compared with control group (P<0.05). Finally, the present findings revealed that diet containing 15 g/kg Padina astraulis could improve growth, feed performances, carcass quality and increase PUFA level in Mugil cephalus larvae.

Neritas are among the most dominant groups of Gastropoda in the Persian Gulf. There is no previous study in relation to molecular and phylogeny of Neritas in the study area. The molecular identification of Nerita species have been studied for the first time in the northern rocky coastal zones of Persian Gulf during 2013 and 2014. After morphological identifications of species, DNA extraction, amplifying partial of cytochrome oxidase COI and 16S rRNA and sequencing procedure were done in the laboratory. In this study, 6 COI and 6 16S rRNA sequences, belonging to 3 species, were obtained. Also, phylogeny analyses with drawing phylogeny trees of Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian were done using MEGA6 and BEAST softwares. Morphological and molecular identification results were similar for 2 species and dissimilar for one species. This discrepancy shows that a combination of morphological and molecular studies is more reliable for species identification than either of them solely. The results also showed that Nerita species are monophyletic.

Genetic structure of golden mullet, Liza aurata, investigated in southern Caspian Sea using microsatellite markers. Totally 120 samples of adult golden mullet were collected from four regions, Anzali and Gomishan wetlands, Ramsar and Fereydunkenar coastlines. All primer sets as polymorphic loci were used to analyze the genetic variation. Analyses revealed that average of alleles per locus was 5.7 (range 3 to 9 alleles). Some sampled regions contained private alleles. The average estimates of inbreeding coefficient values of microsatellites were positive. The average observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.365 and 0.739 respectively. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were in all cases. F-statistics and gene flow estimates in allele frequencies were 0.127 and 2.11 respectively. Rst and Fst estimates in AMOVA indicated significant genetic differentiation among regions. Genetic distance indicated that the genetic difference among the studied populations is pronounced. The data generated in this study provides the genetic variation and differentiation groups of golden mullet in south Caspian Sea.

The present study was carried out to investigate accumulation of eleven toxic and essential trace elements in muscle and shell of Potamon persicum from Kakareza River in Lorestan Province (Iran) collected in summer and autumn, 2011. The elements levels were analyzed by Perkin Elmer 4100 Zl atomic absorption and data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s test by SPSS17. The results showed that the highest and lowest concentration of Hg, Cd, As, Fe, Co and P were in shell collected in autumn and muscle collected in summer, respectively. Also, the highest and lowest concentration of Pb, Zn, Ca and K were observed in shell collected in summer and muscle collected in autumn, respectively. The highest and lowest Cu concentration was measured in the shell and muscle of P. persicum collected in summer, respectively. Concentration of Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, Co, Ca, K and P in the shell of P. persicum were higher than the muscle both in summer and autumn. According to the results, concentration of as and Cd in P. persicum muscle were higher than WHO standard limits, while concentration of Hg and Pb were still lower than that limitation.