JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION
Year:2009 | Volume:39 | Issue:1|Papers Count:13

The present study has focused on the impact of training cognitive behavioral strategies in reducing test anxiety among third-grade high school female math students. This study has attempted to test the hypothesis that training cognitive-behavioral strategies can help a reduction on test anxiety among anxious students. The subjects were 72 third-grade high school students who had obtained high scores on the Test Anxiety Scale (Sarason, 1978). Participants were selected by a multi-stage cluster sampling method from two high schools at Tehran. After administering the self-report test anxiety scale as pre-test, the subjects were then divided into two groups of control and experimental with 36 students in each group. In the following stage, the experimental group received treatment (six sessions of instructions on cognitive-behavioral strategies) to overcome their test anxiety, and the control group did not receive any treatment. Then, both groups were asked to complete the test anxiety scale as post-test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was performed to analyze the data. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between the two groups and this difference was to the advantage of experimental group showing a significant reduction in test anxiety.

The goal of the present study was to compare the social skills and behavior problems of the girls and boys with Down syndrome. The subjects were 7 to 12 years old children with Down syndrome in special schools of Tehran. Random cluster sampling method was used. Questionnaires were given to the teachers of 129 children with Down syndrome (58girls & 71boys). Gresham & Elliot social skills rating system questionnaire was used for assessing the social skills and behavior problems. The results oft-test of were as the followings: There was a significant difference between the scales cooperation, assertion, self-control, extraversion and hyperactivity (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between girls and boys in introversion scale (p=0.42). It can be concluded that among children with Down syndrome, girls are more socially-skilled than boys; and boys have more behavior problems.

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the websites of 13 state university central libraries (SUCL) in Iran, using Web Quall measurement model, in order to present a conceptual model for Iranian SUCL, a normalized web Quall questionnaire has been employed to survey 650 faculty members as web users(50 users per university).Research findings indicate that, according to the users viewpoints, the highest rank in constructs among 13 websites belongs to the item of "Trust" and lowest belongs to the "Response time". More ever, the items of "Ease of use" and "Complimentary relationship" are in a rather good condition, but "Entertainment" is in an acceptable condition. The biggest gap in entertainment belongs to the website of Tabriz University Central library and the least belongs to the Amir Kabir Technical University Central Library. So these two universities, can be evaluated, in terms of their websites, the worst and the best of all respectively. By the end, some suggestions and a conceptual model are proposed for promoting the studied websites.

The purpose of present study was to examine the relationship between parents' marital adjustment with children's physical and psychological health. To do this, 154 high school students (80 girls and 74 boys) were selected randomly through cluster sampling from the city of Shiraz. Dyadic Adjustment Scale was used for measuring parents' marital adjustment and Sf-36 Health Survey Questionnaire was used to measure children's' General Health. The results of regression analysis showed that these components were mostly significant in relation with physical and psychological health of children: father's and mothers' dyadic satisfaction and father's rearing style.

The present paper is based on a study on organizational factor related to middle-level manager's productivity in Iran-khodro automobile manufacturing company. Determining these factors can have an impact on the working trend and improvement of related activities in this company. Questions related in this study were:-What are the factors related to middle level manager's productivity in the company?-important are these factors?- The following variables were used as the basis for developing research questions:-Factors related to employees' welfare services.-Factors related to employees training opportunities.- Factors related to employees' salaries and benefits.-Factors related to employees' participation in decision making processes. -Factors related to approaches used by superiors to motivate subordinates.-Factors related to managers organizational communications. In this study, a questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample which was selected from middle-level managers and heads of various units. Applied recommendations for the company and research topics for future studies, are mentioned at the bottom of the article.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between implicit theories of intelligence and self-efficacy beliefs regarding gender and academic fields. 400 college students (160 male and 240 female) from 2 different fields (math and human sciences) were chosen randomly. The data collection was done through 3 different questionnaires: Implicit theory of intelligence inventory, Shwarzer and Jerusalem general self-efficacy scale and for academic self-efficacy, Bandura (2000) questionnaire the results showed that: Implicit theories of intelligence predict self-efficacy (general and academic beliefs. There is no difference between self efficacy of male and female where as this difference is observed according to field of study. - Female students in comparison with male students have higher general self-efficacy. - There is difference between self-efficacy of math and human sciences students.

The present study was carried out with the intention of recognizing instructional variables related to academic perfom1ance of third-grade guidance students participated in TIMMS-R studies and developing inappropriate regression model for prediction students' performance. Among instructional variables, for which data had been collected for all 5301 participant students, nine were chosen and analyzed using Pearson produced correlation and multi regression statistical methods. Findings of research indicated that all nine variables have significant (p<.01) correlation coefficients with criterion variable. A stepwise regression analyses Revealed that 8 of 9 variables significantly predict criterion variable and 16.3 % of its variation is due to these variables. The rest (i.e. 83.7 %) related to the other variables (Such as individual, family, social ...) which were not considered in this study.

Political education is one of the important dimensions of man's education, which throughout history has attracted the attention of educational, governmental and political authorities. In order to prevent the waste and misuse of human and all other resources, education as a goal-oriented process needs a theory which can successfully help it articulate its ideals, principles, methods and lead it in a practical way. The present research has been conducted because of the absence of such a theory in education, particulary in the area of political education. Our modem educational system from its conception has been influenced by the thoughts and opinions of others, because of the lack of such a theory. In order to take a step in the direction of compensating for the lack of such a theory of education appropriate for the Persian-Islamic culture the educational system of our country, we undertook the study of the philosophical-political ideas of the eminent philosopher Abu-Nase Farabi, the founder ofIslamic and political philosophy; and designer of the "Utopian theory" and by eliciting his approach from objectives, principles and methods to the issue of political education drived from three of his most important political works, Al-madinah politic, ideas of utopians, acquisition offelicity, and other works written by scholars on his thoughts, we proceed to fulfill this task. What is put forward in this paper is that Farabi as an idealistic moslem philosopher has a religious approach to political education. from his perspective realization of perfection is equivalent to becoming godly, and everlastingness of human soul is the ultimate goal of political education, and actualization of the governance of God and formation of the utopia of virtues and education of virtuous polititions as intermediate objectives towards political education is of utmost relevance. Also educational principles and methods arrived at from his thoughts include: "The principle of unity" and protection of the populace and the utopia of virtues" and "the educational methods of holy striving(Jihad), political empathy, encouragement for execution of political responsibilities. Confronting the results of dissertation of his political responsibilities are," Principle of freedom of choice" and "educational methods, deepening of political awareness, and cultivation of political will", "principle of social justice" and: "educational methods of equac entitlement of resources," "obedience of laws without discrimination", preparetional of context for political development based on merits" principle of coordination of politics morality" and educational methods of "abstinence from publics political thought" and "abstinence from despotism and monopolism".

To compare the blood group of parents of Down syndrome children with those of the normal ones and examine the composure of their blood groups using multi stages cluster sampling 240 parents of Down syndrome children (120 in Tehran, 60 in Oroomieh, and 60 in Isfahan) in exceptional schools and 240 parents in ordinary schools were selected. Then using a questionnaire with the aid of structural interview examining relevant medical records and if necessary blood tests the blood group and RH of children with Down syndrome and those of the normal ones were established. Analysis of results employing the square roots tests and Z confirmed that there is a meaningful relation between mother's blood group and the abundance of children with Down syndrome. But the appearance of Down syndrome from fathers with -0 and 0+ overlaps those with B+. Investigating the abundance of blood group compo sure of parents with Down syndrome children revealed that the composure of blood groups (mother 0- with father 0+) and (mother A+ with father A-) with 95% accuracy leads to children with Down syndrome. Also in negative blood group both parents would not lead to children with Down syndrome. These results are new perspective in the realm of Down syndrome etiology.

The purpose of this study was investigating the analytical between causes of handicap of physical, mental & sensory- motor disabilities in Iran rural and urban regions. The sample of this study included 3857 exceptional children and youths (girl 1346, boy 2511) from rural and urban regions. Data has been gathered with research Checklist that has made by Afrooze (1387- 1382). Then data were analyzed through descriptive and statistical methods. The results showed that 40/2 percentages of causes of physical, mental & sensory- motor disabilities are genetic and hereditary factors, 24/25 percentages of conditions are during pregnancy, 14/8 percentages of complications and problems occurring during birth and 13/3 percentages of diseases and injuries occurring after birth.