Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
Year:2016 | Volume:17 | Issue:6|Papers Count:18

Background and aims: Flies are found in the most geographical areas where humans live except from the poles and they benefit from human beings. In human societies, fly from Muscidae, Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae families lives in close association with humans. Although intestinal myasis is not always reported, frequent sporadic reports are repeated in different parts of the world. Because flies are found in everywhere, they can infest food and lay their egg and larvae in them. If fecal samples taken for the stool examination is contaminated with fly larvae, they can be caused misdiagnose and wrong treatment in the health system. In addition, due to the high mobility of the larvae in the feces, this can cause concern in both laboratory technician and patients separately. The aim of this report was to introduce the rare cases of the presence of larvae in stool samples to the laboratories technician.Case report: This report was about a 7- year old Sanandaji (west Iran) preschool girl that for school entry and preventing the spread of parasitic infections, stool samples taken from her 3 times, in the third stool sample, Ascaris eggs, Charcot–Leyden crystals and lots of motile larvae were found. Iimmediately, the sample was transferred to Parasitology research laboratory section at Kurdistan University of Medical Siences, The initial diagnosis was fly larvae and suspected to intestinal myiasis. After putting the samples in appropriate condition required for growth of the larvae, it was transformed into puparium and finally was emerged as an adult insect within 13 days in room temperature.Conclusion: By doing precise investigation on more stools and considering the normal status of the patient and the information derived from interview with patient’s parents, it was concluded that the sample was preserved improperly and somehow infected with the fly larvae. Then, it was transferred to the Clinical Laboratory. So, the larvae were not excreted by the person. According to diagnostic keys, we found that it was the larvae of Sarcophaga fertoni spices.

Background and aims: Anxiety disorder is one of the most common disorders in youth and social anxiety diorder is one of the most important of these disorders. The aim of this study was to predict social anxiety disorder using three predictive factors: inhibition and behavioral activation system, deficiency in emotion regulation, and shyness.Methods: This descriptive-correlational study included all male and female high school students of Shahrekord. Cluster sampling was used to select 1000 students (500 girls and 500 boys) from the first grade of high schools in Shahrekord. System Activation and Behavioral Inhibition Scale (BIS/BAS), Emotion Regulation Scale (RES), Social Anxiety Scale (SPIN) and Shyness Scale, were used to measure the variables. Descriptive (mean and standard variation) and inferential (correlation coefficient and regression analysis) statistical methods were used for data analysis.Results: Findings demonstrated A significant positive correlation between social anxiety disorder and behavioral inhibition system (P<0.05), difficulties in emotional regulation (P<0.05) and shyness (P<0.05), but there was not a significant association between behavioral activation system and social anxiety disorder (P>0.05). Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated a predictive model for social anxiety disorder in which shyness, difficulty of emotional regulation and behavioral inhibition system were its components, respectively.Conclusion: High sensitivity BIS system, difficulty in emotion regulating and shyness increase social anxiety. In sum, recognition of the brain-behavioral systems specialy BIS in individuals and being aware of this characteristic will decrease social anxiety disorder in them.

Background and aims: Neuropathic pain has defined as pain resulting from injury or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. Neurons biochemically are adjusted to reduction and increased in activity, that this Biochemical changes could affect the maintenance and survival of neurons. With regard to regulatory role of Cdk5 in the function and structure of the nervous, the aim of this study was to evaluate effect of 6 weeks decreased activity in the form of spinal cord ligation on CDK5 expression in sciatic nerve of Wistar male rats with neuropathic pain.Methods: 10 adult male Wistar rats in the weight range of 267.14±27.36 g were divided into 2 groups including healthy control (C), ligation (SNL). Over the six weeks neuropathic pain behavior tests were conducted continually in groups. In the end change of CDK5 gene expression in sciatic nerve was measured with Real time technique and calculated using the 2-DDCT method.Results: After 6 weeks Soleus muscle weight significantly decreased in ligation group compared to control group (P<0.05). In the behavioral tests of neuropathic pain was shown pain threshold was significantly lower than in ligation group compare to control group (P<0.05). CDK5 gene expression in sciatic nerve increased significantly (pathologically) in ligation group related to control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: It seems that after a period of decreased activity in the form of spinal cord ligation, pathological Increase of CDK5 gene expression can lead to destructive effect on the neuromuscular system and emerge of pathological markers such as neuromuscular atrophy, acceleration of apoptosis and neurodegenerative destruction.

Background and aims: Heavy metal pollution is one of the most important environmental problems. Mercury is a highly toxic among the heavy metals wich can be cause impairment of pulmonary function and kidney. The main aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of multi-walled carbon nanotubes combined with iron oxide to remove mercury in aqueous solutions.Methods: In In this experimental study was used to oxidize multi-walled carbon nanotubes Combined with iron oxide to removal mercury. Effect of parameters was investigated such as pH solution, contact time, stirring speed, amount of nano-composite and interference (nitrate and chloride). Optimum conditions were determined by Taguchi statistical method.Results: The results showed that was remved mercury 93% at pH= 7, stirring speed 150 rpm, 60 minutes contact time, initial concentration of mercury 80 mg/l and 60 mg amount of nano-composite. The study found mercury removal decrease 10% of by adding Interfering factors (nitrate and chloride).Conclusion: The results showed that can be used nanotubes coated with iron oxide as an easily and powerful absorbent for removal mercury from the drinking water and industrial wastewater.

Background and aims: The protein Lactoferrin (LF) has the confirmed antimicrobic effects. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of LF on the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of vancomycin for van A and van B resistant isolates of enterococcus.Methods: In this cross sectional study, after isolating and identifying 265 strains of enterococci from clinical specimens, The MIC test by using E-test method was performed for the vancomycin resistance enterococci specimens with the vancomycin and teicoplanin antibiotics. To study the presence of van A and van B genes in vancomycin resistant Enterococcus was used Real time PCR method. Then, the effect of Lactoferrin on the MIC of VRE isolates was assessed and analyzed using SPSS software and linear regression and Pearson correlation test with significance level P<0.05.Results: Van A isolate at (2048 mg/ml) concentration of LF showed 85 and 80 fold reduced the MIC of vancomycin in modified E-test and Microtiter methods respectively and in van B isolate at the concentration of (512 mg/ml) of LF 10 and 10.3 fold reduced the MIC of vancomycin in modified E-test and broth Microtiter methods, respectively. Lactoferrin index showed a significant positive correlation with reduced vancomycin MIC (P<0.001 and r= 0.183).Conclusion: Different concentrations of Lactoferrin protein induced reduction in VRE isolates contained van A and van B genes in vivo concentrations suggest a potential use for this protein as an adjunctive agent to vancomycin.

Background and aims: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common infections in women and children and Escherichia coli is considered as the main cause of infection. Resistance against antibiotics is an important problem used in the treatment. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and resistance genes to antibiotics.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 120 cases of women and children with urinary tract infection was performed in 2013 in the clinics of Farsan. Samples of bacteria were grown on Blood Agar and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB), and then by using antibiogram Kirby-bauer method and the zone of growth inhibition were examined. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to determine the prevalence of resistance genes CTX, CTX-M, TEM and B-SHV, respectively.Results: Of 120 samples under study, 95 (79%) of cases were identified E.coli. The results of antimicrobial resistance test, the highest resistance to ampicillin (95.78%), trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole (62.10%), nitrofurantoin (42.10%) and the most sensitive to ciprofloxacin (46.31%) and ceftriaxone (44.21%) were reported, respectively. Moreover, the PCR results showed CTX was the highest and SHV-B was the lowest prevalence between resistance genes.Conclusion: The results showed the prevalence of E.coli producing beta-lactamase resistance genes are on the rise. It is also better to use less than ampicillin, trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole and nitrofurantoin in the primary treatment of urinary tract infections.

Background and aims: Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) as a well-known hemolytic agent can induce a variety of adverse effects including hepatotoxicity. The main aim of the present study was to examine the possible efficacy of vitamin C against PHZ-induced oxidative damages and apoptosis in mouse liver.Methods: In this randomized controlled experimental study, 32 adult male mice were assigned to four groups of eight mice each. Two groups of mice received PHZ at a dose of 60 mg/kg per 48 hours intraperitoneally for 35 days. Vitamin C was administered to one of these groups at a dose of 250 mg/kg per day intraperitoneally four hours before PHZ injection. A vehicle-treated control group and a vitamin C-only treated group were also included. Serum and hepatic samples were collected 24 hours after the last treatment and subjected to biochemical and histomorphometric and histochemical examinations, respectively. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan test for post hoc comparisons.Results: PHZ treatment caused a significant elevation (P<0.05) in serum concentrations of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and malondealdehyde and decreased serum level of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and albumin. Moreover, PHZ significantly increased apoptosis and diameters of hepatocytes and their nuclei as well as number of Kupffer cells.Conclusion: Vitamin C can modulate PHZ-induced oxidative injuries and apoptosis in mouse liver due to its antioxidant activities.

Background and aims: Fungi from the genus Metarhizium are used increasingly in commercial formulations against insects. However, a few field experiments have been performed to kill ticks with these fungi. The development of tick resistance to acaricides and our awareness that chemicals are harmful to the environment was led to conduct this research. This study aimed to evaluate efficacy of applying 4 different formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae fungus to combat Hyalomma ticks.Methods: In this experimental study, 4 different formulations were used including: distilled water with 2% Tween and Metarhizium anisopliae, distilled water with 10% cotton seed oil, 0.01% sucrose, 0.2% tween and Metarhizium anisopliae, distilled water with 10% liquid paraffin, 0.01% sucrose, 0.2% tween and Metarhizium anisopliae, and distilled water as the control group. Four prepared formulations were equally sprayed on 128 mature ticks, in 4 groups. Dead ticks due to spray of formulations were counted in the following days. Treatment effect based on mortality of ticks was assessed using time-survival analysis.Results: Though of the suspensions made by water, liquid paraffin, cotton seed oil and the fungus was not statistically significant, cotton seed oil suspension was the best treatment effect between these three groups. There were significant differences between these groups and control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Oil suspension containing Metarhizium anisopliae fungus can be used instead of toxic chemicals compounds to eliminate Hyalomma ticks from farm animal bodies, with no harm to the environment, animals and humans. Therefore, further research is recommended in this regard.

Background and aims: Leukemia is cancer of blood-forming tissues which derives from red and white blood progenitors cells. According to the needs of body, red and white blood cells usually grow, and divide with a controlled and regulated way, But in the leukemia, this process is disrupted, and it makes the growth of blood cells control aside. Nitroglycerin through changes to nitric oxide (NO), and increasing of NO cellular oxidative stress cause induces apoptosis of cancer cells. This study was performed to survey the antitumor effects of nitroglycerin drug on K562 cells in vitro.Methods: First, The leukemia cells K562 category was cultured in RPMI 1640 with 10% of heat-inactivated fetal calf serum. Then, different concentrations of nitroglycerin drug were prepared, and their antitumor properties at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment were measured by MTT method. Then, the drugs IC50 were measured. In the next stage, in order to survey the apoptotic effect, electrophoresis and staining with Hoechst colors were used.Results: The results showed that the antitumor impacts of nitroglycerin dependently increase in a dose, and time. The IC50 of nitroglycerin was observed at 79 (mmol /ml). Also, the results of electrophoresis and staining showed that these drugs have the effect of apoptosis.Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be inferred that inhibitory effect of nitroglycerin on K562 cells depends on time, and dose which the maximum inhibitory effect observed after 72 hours of treatments of the highest concentration. So, this drug may be effective in the prevention, and treatment of chronic leukemia.

Background and aims: One of the most common environmental pollutants to groundwater and surface water is nitrates. High nitrate levels in drinking water cause diseases such as methemoglobinemia in children, gastric cancer and abortions. This study aimed to investigate the absorption isotherm of almond shell carbon activated with the magnetic nanoparticles to reduce nitrate in aqueous environments.Methods: In this experimental study, morphology of synthesized adsorbent was analyzed using FESEM and BET techniques. The effective parameters on nitrate ion absorption process such as pH (4-8), the amount of absorbent (0.25-1 g/L), the initial concentration of nitrate ions (25-400 mg/L) and contact time (20-100 min) were investigated. In this research, Taguchi method was applied for determining the sample size and statistical analysis.Results: Findings of FESEM and BET techniques confirmed that magnetic nanoparticles size and specific surface area in the synthesized absorbent were 23-27 nm and 105.48 m2/g, respectively. At optimal pH4 and equilibrium time of 20 min, absorption efficiency increased with absorbent increase by 1 g/L and reduction in the initial concentration of nitrate ions (85.86±4.6). The results of adsorption equilibrium isotherms showed that nitrate absorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm (R2=0.924).Conclusion: The almond shell activated with iron nanoparticles has a good ability to remove nitrate ions from aqueous solutions. So, use of this relatively easy and simple technology is an effective step in removing nitrate from water.

Background and aims: Synthetic colors (dyes) are used widely in food as one of food additives. Inappropriate use of dyes creates hazards such as allergy and cancer for consumer. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of food contamination to synthetic colors.Methods: This research is a descriptive study. In this study, 2458 food samples such as candy (Nabat), poolaky, charkhandi, cream and none cream sweets; ice-cream, barbecue chicken and saffron fluids were tested. These samples were collected randomly by the sanitary inspectors from factories, small manufactures, confectionaries, restaurants and fast-foods in Chaharmahal and Bakhteiari during 2010-2013 and in order to control and supervision were sent to food and beverage control laboratory of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. All samples were examined according to national standard number 2624 with thin layer chromatography (TLC) method.Results: This study showed that 33.8% samples (range 7.1-56.2%) were colored with dyes. Tartrazin formed 67.8% of the used synthetic colors. The most common dyes were observed in charkhandi samples with 56.2% and the lowest rate in ice-cream with 7.1%.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the use irregular synthetic colors in food have been widespread and continues this situation threat health of society. Therefore, training and supervision is essential and important for maintaining healthy communities.

Background and aims: MiR29 family includes miR29a, miR29b and miR29c. Cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis and extracellular matrix regulation are some the cellular effects of miR29. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks continues training on the expression of miR29 mRNA in the cardiac muscle of healthy male rats.Methods: In this experimental study, 12 Male Wistar rats with were randomly divided into two groups in identical age and weight status: continues training and control groups (n= 6). Training protocol was prescribed 70-75% vo2max for 30 min in each session, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. Autopsy and hearts tissue isolation did 24 hours after the last session of training. MiR29 expression was analyzed by quantitate RT-PCR and then calculated by 2-DDСТ method. Independent t-test was used to determine the significance of variables between study groups.Results: Results showed that there is a significant increase(72.6%), in gene expression miR29a,c in training group compared to control group (P=0.001), But miR29b gene expression showed reduction and it was not significant statistically (0.64%) (P=0.416).Conclusion: Based on the findings, it seems that continuous endurance training with 70-75% vo2max induces physiological hypertrophy in the heart of training group. Since this increase leads to a significant reduction in expression of collagen isoforms, it can be concluded that rising miR29a,c in physiological hypertrophy induced by endurance training directly regulates extracellular matrix and ventricular compliance.

Background and aims: Toxocariasis is clinical complication, which is generally due to the establishment of the second group stage larvae of nematodes of animal and exist in the tissues of the human body. By eating the parasite larva, human will suffer from various forms of larva migrans including visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans, cerebral larva migrans and covert toxocariasis. The study was aimed to determine Toxocara canis infection in children 2-14 years old of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province in 2014.Methods: The current study is a cross-sectional research and 552 samples of children 2-14 years old in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari were selected by quota Non-random sampling. Serum samples were examined to Toxocara canis antibodies using ELISA method. The data were analyzed using Chi-Square and Mann Whithney test by SPSS.Results: 294 boys and 230 girls were sampled, 321 (58.2%) were from city and the rest were from the village. Of 552 samples, 11 (2%) showed toxocariasis infection. There is a significant relationship between Toxocara canis infection and fathers’ job (P=0.006), relation to dogs (P<0.001), and the eosinophil amount P<0.001), But there was no significant relationship between Toxocara canis infection, sex, residential city, and residential place (urban or rural).Conclusion: 2% of antibody anti- Toxocara canis showed the importance of attends to parasitic infection in the community and in this regard, it would be increased awareness in the population about the danger of parasitic infection and anthelminthic treatment of dogs by veterinarians and control of stray dogs.