Hormozgan Medical Journal
Year:2012 | Volume:16 | Issue:5|Papers Count:15

Introduction: Prostatic adenocarcinoma is one the most common malignances and the second cause of death in males due to cancer. Prostate Specific Antigen (PZSA) serum level is the first marker to screen such patients. We aimed in this study, to assess the intensity of prostatic adenocarcinoma tissue staining with PSA staining method.Methods: In this corss-sectional study, prostatic adenocarcinoma patients referred to pathology department of Shahid Mohammadi hospital, Bandar Abbas, during 2009-2010, were investigated. The samples were first stained with H& E staining. If adenocarcinoma was confirmed then PSA staining with IHC method was carried put. Normal prostate tissue and negative control with non granular tissue and non-grander tissue were considered as positive and negative controls, respectively. Collected data was analyzed with SPSS 16, using descriptive methods and Chi-square test.Results: Mean age of the patients was 73.63±10.70, varying from 54 to 91 years. Grade of the tumors varied from 2 to 10, where the most frequent grade was 7. Results showed that as the degree of PSA staining decreased, serum PSA level increased (P=0.017).Conclusion: Results demonstrated that the intensity of PSA staining with IHC has a reverse correlation with serum PSA level, whereas higher gleasons grading associated with increased PSA serum levels.

Introduction: Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation necessitate to start a surgery and induction of general anesthesia as well as the maintenance of the air way and to provide ventilation. However, Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation may lead to hemodynamic response that appear with the symptoms of hypertension tachycardia, arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia and results in myocardial infarction and CVA. The present clinical trial study compared the effect of two rapid-onset narcotic, remifentanil and alfentanil on the hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.Methods: We studied 80 patients aged 20-50 (ASA I & II) as candidates to elective surgery with general anesthesia. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 40 with the similar induction. The first group received remifentanil 1mgr/kg and the second group alfentanil 15 mgr/kg one minute before induction. Systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate was measured and recorded before induction, after the injection of drugs, after tracheal intubation, three and five minutes after tracheal intubation. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics.Results: Immediately, following the administration of narcotic and induction drug, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure decreased significantly in two groups (p<0.05), but, heart rate increased in both groups which this increase was not statistically significant. After laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation all hemodynamic variants (except heart rate) increased (on basic level) and slowly decreased after three minutes in such a way that all hemodynamic variants returned to the level before intubation, in the fifth minute after intubation.Conclusion: Both remifentanil and alfentanil decreased hemodynamic variants due to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. These drugs could be used safely to control hemodynamic responses which occur following tracheal intubation.

Introduction: Ghrelin, a gut neuropeptide, plays an important role in appetite, food intake and weight regulation. The aim of the present study was to determine serum ghrelin in relation to fasting glucose concentration and effective markers in glucose level (insulin, insulin resistance, beta- cell function) in none-diabetic obese males.Methods: We studied the baseline glucose, serum insulin and ghrelin concentration in 45 none diabetic adult obese males aged 36-49 years that randomly participated in the study.Blood sampling was obtained between 8 to 9 o'clock after an overnight fasting. Insulin resistance and beta- cell functional indexes were calculated by fasting glucose and insulin by HOMA formula. Association between serum ghrelin with glucose and the other glucose determinative markers were determined by liner regression analysis.Results: Liner regression analysis showed that serum ghrelin were not related with glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in all subjects. Serum ghrelin level was linearly correlated but not significant with beta- cell function.Conclusion: Despite abundance evidence of closely relation between ghrelin and fasting glucose level in obese diabetic patients, the present study state that serum ghrelin level is not correlated with glucose and another effective variables in glucose concentration in none diabetic subjects. It seems that the relation between ghrelin with the variables is more evident in obese diabetic than in none obese diabetic.

Introduction: The study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of intravitreal bevacizumab on macular edema and visual acuity in patients with Acute branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) that had not received any treatment.Methods: 22 patients in first week of BRVO onset that was diagnosed with flurcein angiography were treated with intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg bevacizumab. Macular thickening with OCT and visual acuity measured before injection and 1, 3 and 6 to 16 (12.59±3.487) months after it. Re-injection was performed in 5 patients and three times for 1 patient that have no decrease in macular edema after initial injection.Results: Significantly decrease in mean macular thickening was seen from 479.95 micron (SD=129.590) at baseline to 229.19 micron (SD=22.252) after 6 to 16 month (P=0.001). Mean log MAR visual acuity improved significantly from 1.245 (SD=0.3661) at baseline to 0.173 (SD=0.0631) after 6 to 16 month (P<0.001) at the last time of follow up.Conclusion: We found intravitreal bevacizumab as a first choice treatment-modality to improve macular edema and visual acuity in acute BRVO.

Introduction: Consequence of incorrect body posture are investigable in physical, psychical, economical and social aspects. The study of the corrective exercise during 8 weeks on hyperlordosis girl students of Shahid Bahonar university of Kerman was the main purpose of the present study.Methods: Subjects consist of 24 hyperlordosis girl students of Kerman Bahonar University. They were randomly divided into experimental (12 cases) and control (12 cases) groups. By using New York test, spinal mouse (back curve estimate), digital height and weight scale, goniometer (hamstring muscle flexibility), sit-up test (strength and endurance of abdominal muscle) were measured. The experimental group carried out a corrective exercise for 8 weeks, 3 sessions a week, each session 60 minutes. In the beginning and at the end, pre test and post test were taken. Collected data was analyzed statistically by using t-test for independent and for matched data.Results: There was a significant decrease in the curve of back lordosis (P<0.001), a significant increase in hamstring muscle flexibility (P<0.005) and a significant increase in abdominal muscle strength and endurance (P<0.001).Conclusion: Upon 8 weeks corrective exercise, the amount of the back curved decreased significantly. There was a significant increase in abdominal muscle strength and endurance, and hamstring muscle flexibility.

Introduction: Professionalism is one of the most important issues in medical ethics which trainers have a very effective role in training and assessing it. This study was performed to evaluate professionalism in academic staff by self-assessment in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS).Methods: In this descriptive and cross sectional study, 122 clinical faculties of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected randomly. A translated version of a standard questionnaire was administered to participants after its validity and reliability checking. A variety of faculty staff from different educational wards completed the questionnaire in a self-assessment way. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test.Results: The results show that in general, 79.4% of the participants evaluated their ability of professionalism in a high excellent level, 20.4% in an acceptable level and 0.2% in an unacceptable level. They evaluated their ability in reliability and confidence, responsibility toward patients and students, respect to others, cooperation and collaboration with colleagues and students in a high level. They reported their ability in creativity and innovation in treatment management and organization skills in an unacceptable level. There wasn't any significant statistical difference in different groups of faculties.Conclusion: Attention to professionalism is obvious between different educational groups. It seems that, cultural and educational intervention in a number of domains such as leadership skill, cooperation and collaboration, management and organization skills is necessary.

Introduction: Assessment and evaluation are crucial steps in educational process that play major role in the process of medical education, by certifying competent physicians who can take care of the public health. The purpose of this study was investigation of clinical medical teachers' opinion about using clinical assessment tools in their clinical setting.Methods: The survey was a descriptive study that was done in Tehran city universities. Population under the study consisted of academic clinical experts that work as faculty members. The questionnaire was made by using the suggested criteria by ACGME and other valid scientific resources.83 questionnaires were collected Analysis of data was conducted with SPSS version 17, using descriptive statistics.Results: Results indicated that the majority of the subjects believe that, the dominant method in clinical setting is MCQ method. OSCE and Logbook are the next methods. Furthermore, MSF and Portfolio are not used often. However, in Iran University Medical Sciences, the variation of clinical assessment tools were more than other two universities.Conclusion: It seems that, measurement competency and performance had been toward simulation and unreal situations. The results show that, only in a limited number of clinical training environments, the performance evaluation and real clinical activity has been emphasized.

Introduction: Infants can not express their pain, therefore, their pain should be evaluated by valid and reliable tools. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and performance of nurses working in neonatal units on pain assessment and measurement in neonates.Methods: This descriptive and analytic study performed during March-August 2011 in neonatal units and NICU in Bandar Abbas educational hospitals. The number of nurses and nurse-assistances working in neonatal units was 50, where 40 nurses completed the questionnaire. Data collecting tool was a structured questionnaire containing four parts: demographic data and special questions concerning knowledge, attitude and practice. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Mean of knowledge score for participants was 10.27 out of 26. Mean score of attitude was 54.22 out of 60 and mean scores of neonates' pain assessment practice was 4.22 out of 10. Nurses had very weak practice regarding pain assessment and measurement and 100% of them did not use any tool for measuring neonate's pain. There was a significant relationship between nurses' knowledge score and level of education and cases with more education had more knowledge. There was no significant relationship between nurse's knowledge scores and marital status as well as work experience.Conclusion: Knowledge of nurses regarding neonate pain assessment and measurement is very low and need continuous and periodic educations regarding measurement procedure.

Introduction: Clinical training plays an important role in nursing students curriculum programs. Some factors could affect negatively on the learning quality in clinical setting. The aim of this study was to determine the challenges of clinical training based on view point of nursing students of Shiraz University of medical sciences.Methods: This research is a descriptive study carried out in 2010. All nursing students of Shiraz University of medical sciences who had practical course participated in the study.Data was collected by using a two part questionnaire including demographic information and clinical training challenges. Collected data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent-t and ANOVA tests.Results: The most factors creating challenges in the clinical fields were related to their instructors. Other factors included environmental, nursing nature, educational system student's skill, factors related to the patients and their own personal factors. Psychical situation of student, discrimination between nursing students with other fields in the ward, improper method of evaluation, anxiety of being affected to infectious and communicative diseases, doubt about nursing as future profession, insufficiency of clinical education were the other most important factors in the field.Conclusion: Factors related to instructors were more important than other factors in creating problems of clinical training. It is necessary to pay special attention to the students and also revise evaluation methods.

Introduction: Levocardia with situs inversus, a rare congenital disorder, is usually associated with severe cyanotic congenital heart disease. Thus these patients have adverse prognosis.Patient: A 2-day-old neonate with mild central cyanosis was admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Prenatal sonographies were normal. Physical exam was normal except for 2.6 heart murmur in left sternal border and mild central cyanosis. Chest x-ray revealed normal placed heart, gastric gas bobble at the right and shadow of liver at the left side.Conclusion: Isolated levocardia is a rare anomaly. It could be fatal due to associated congenital heart disease. Early or prenatal diagnosis of this anomaly is important in improving prognosis of the patients.