JOURNAL OF ILAM UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2016 | Volume:24 | Issue:1|Papers Count:24

Introduction: Teenage is considered as a critical and invaluable period of any individual life, and puberty is the most mportant development of such age. The girls' health caring due to their future motherhood tasks is so important. The current study aimed at the assessment of knowledge, attitude and performance of k9 female students toward puberty health at Ilam, in 2013-14 academic year.Material & methods: In a cross-sectional study, 201 female k9 students were selected through multiple stage (cluster-simple random) sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data and the data were analyzed using c2, Fisher exact, and Pearson’s correlationtestsin SPSS-16 software.Findingss: The age average of studied people was 13.87±0.63 while menarche one was 13 years. The puberty awareness for 61.2%, and attitude for 77.1% of attendants were moderate, however their performance in this regard for 12.9% and 71.1% were good, and moderate, respectively. The mother's education and job showed a statistically significant correlation to students puberty awareness (r=0.18, P=0.01). Further, having an older sister showed statistically significant correlation to students knowledge on puberty health (P=0.019).Discussion & Conclusions: Due to low level of puberty knowledge among studied students, arrangement of educational and curricular programs on physical, mental, and social aspects of puberty, along with development of consultation offices at schools are recommended. Improvement of mothers' knowledge through educational programs will be useful, as knowledge source for the most of the respondents was their mother.

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an acute or chronic necrotizing infection which involves various organs of the body especially the lungs. Identifying the determinants of outcome in these patients is important; therefore, this study was conducted to study the relationship between the degree of sputum smear –positive patients on treatment outcome.Materials & methods: This study was done on 465 pulmonary tuberculosis patients with smear-positive during the years of 2005 to 2013 and they were identified in Hamadan province. By using descriptive statistics the distribution of status of sputum positive at the beginning of treatment was determined. Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between sputumsmear status of patients and treatment outcome. Data were analyzed using Statavol 12.Findings: As total of 465 patients, 51.61%were male and 59.14% of them were living in urban areas.41.94 % of patients with sputum smear 3+were identified at the beginning of treatment.10.32 % of patients eventually died and at 4.3 % of them had treatment failure. Relation between basillevel at the beginning of treatment with a the rapeutic relationship was relatively significant (P=0.06).Discussion & Conclusions: There is relation between level of basil at beginningof treatment and treatment outcome. So that the improvement rate in low- Basil in sputum smear is higher and on the other hand death and treatment failure is higher in high basil in sputum smear patients.

Introduction: Short-term interventions may affect on family members of psychosis ' families. The aim of this research isstudying the effectiveness of family Psychoeducation (Atkinson and Coiamodel) on mental health families willproduce a child with a psychotic illness.Materials & methods: This study uses aquasi-experimental and pre-posttest design with the control group and investigates the effect of a four-week psycho-education alprogram for a two-month period on 44caregiver families of patients with psychotic hospitalized in Welfare Hospital in Tehran in 93-94. Mental health worker swere determined by questionnaires GHQ-28.The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.Findings: study results showed that family Psychoeducation enhances mental health, social functioning and reduces symptoms of anxiety, depression, but doesn' t have significant effect in reducing physical symptoms.Discussion & Conclusions: Family education programs are effective toimprove public health in caregivers of patients with psychotic issues and it wouldimprove the quality of life for patients and caregivers.

Introduction: Magnetic nanoparticles are as nanoscale materials causing a great revolution in the diagnosis and treatment methods in medical science. Suitable halflife of the In-111 radioisotope makes use for in vivo studies. In this study, in order toobtain optimal absorption and stability the first synthesis of the silicate magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2) and stabilization of the In-111 radioiso to pewere investigated. Then, the permeability was examined in SKBR3 breast cancer cellline for using the diagnosis of diseases.Materials & methods: The magnetite corewas prepared by precipitation method. Thenit was used as the core for the synthesis ofmagnetic silicate nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were synthesized accordingto sol-gel method in the reverse microemulsion using tetraetoxy silane (TEOS) and 3-amino propyl tree-ataxia silane (APTS) as the monomers and precursors. Then the In-111 radioisotope adsorbed on the surface of the magnetite silicate nanoparticles and formed the radioconjugated. Finally, the entry of the radioconjugated nanoparticles on SKBR-3, breast cancer cell line, is studied throughthe cell culture.Findings: TEM results were shown the average size of the nanoparticles about 40NM. The size is suitable for biological applications. The radio-analysis revealed more than 92 percent of the primary In-111stablized on the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles cell culture results are revealed the highest entrance efficiency about 26-27%- during the first hour from beginning the cultivation. The stability testsresults revealed the stabilized radioconjugated are stable during of washing andscattering and then considered as stableconjugation.Discussion & Conclusions: Due to theunique properties of In-111the mentioned nanoparticles, which are prepared usingnano biotechnological methods would be able to apply for diagnosis purposes.

Introduction: Herbal plants have been usedfor the treatment of different abnormalities such as spasm disorders. Some of the seplants have gastro intestinal property. One of these herbs in iranian traditional medicine is Thymus migricus which usedfor antispasmodic activity and its effect spresent in essential oil. The present study was designed to find out the effects of Thymus migricusessence on mechanicalactivity of the isolated rat’s ileum.Materials & methods: In this study, forevaluation of spasmolythic property ofessense, different doses of the solution wereadded to organ bath after acetylcholine (Ach) with concentration of 10-4 molar (M) and for assessment of its antispasmodic, different doses of the solution were addedto the organ bath before Ach withconcentration of 10-6upto 10-3 M, thenisotonic contraction of ileum wererecorded in three groups of control, test and shamthrough an isolated tissue chamber inan organ bath by using isotonic transducerand oscillographic device.Findings: The results from different concentration of Thymus migricusessenceon Ach 10-4 M showed that concentration of 50 ng/ml of essense and higher was reduced to 95% of Ach induced contraction which is significant (P<0.05).Discussion & Conclusions: Thymus migricusessence hasspasmolythic and antispasmodic property. these effects may be produced by Thymol which is present inits essence and reduced calcium activity and release by sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Introduction: Nowadays, attention to opportunities andthreatsinthe field ofhealthcare and culminating in thehospitals facedwith uncertaintyandrisks was essentialandmanage the risks involvedin the secentersis very important. The aimof this study is HSErisk assessmentmodelbasedsystemsinhospitalsm artyrBeheshtiUniversityof Medical Sciences, approaches thatcan becontrolled.Materials & methods: In this study,weidentify the principalrisksandsetstandards formeasuring andprovidingcomprehensive questionnaire.  Findings: The riskprioritynumber isused inhospitals,Biological factorsaffectinghumanRPNequal to32.85 was the highest risk and Physicalfactorsaffectinghumanisequal to11.68 was the least HSE risk of hospital.Also the result showed that priority of the risk factors affecting the company's reputation was high.Discussion & Conclusions: The results showed thatHospital managementshould beincontrol ofchemical and biologicalagentstoadopta specificmanagement plans. Also, according tothe results, it is clear thatit is necessary toconsider themanagementof workplaceergonomicsprogramhas beenandcontrol measureswithinthescopedefined.

Introduction: Escherichia coli are the mostcommon agent of urinary tract infection.One of mechanisms of resistance to the beta-lactam antibiotics beta lactamase is enzyme production. Including beta lactamase٫ as beta-lactamase producing of genes of the TEM, PER and VEB in these bacteria can be named. Purpose of presentstudy evaluation frequency of foresaid gensextended spectrum beta lactamaseproducing of Escherichia coli strainsisolated from urinary tract infections was incity Ilam.Materials & methods: A total of 100 strainsof E.coli were isolated from sample surinary tract and were identified using biochemical tests. Then antibioticsusceptibility was determined by diskdiffusion method. Finally testing combineddisk detects ESBL producing strains and MIC of strains to antibiotic CAZ and CTXby Micro broth dilution method. PCR with specific primers was used for determiningthe presence of blaPER, blaVEB and blaTEM genes.Findings: Combined disk test showed 40 strains (40%) to be ESBL producing. Of the 40 ESBL producing strains, MIC force ftazidime in the dilutions 16, 18 samples, 32, 9 samples 64, 16 samples, 128, 1sample, 256, 2 samples were reported. MIC for cefotaxime in the dilutions16,13 samples, 32, 9samples, 64, 5 samples, 128, 8 samples, 256, 4 samples weredetermined. Of the 40 strains ESBL the frequency of TEM was 52.5%; however, blaPER and blaVEB genes were notdetected among ESBL producing isolates.Discussion & Conclusions: Frequency of Escherichia coli producing ESBL was 40%in city of Ilam and TEM gene in ESBLproducing E.coli isolated is the mostcommon gene in Ilam City.

Introduction: Dust originated from cement production is one of the most important environmental problems. Doroud Cement Plant is one of pollutant industries in Doroud Town ship. The aim of this study was to survey the dust amounts measuring(PM10 and PM2.5), air quality investigationin terms of PM10 and PM2.5 and compute ofindividual exposure rate.Materials & methods: In this analyticalde scription study, Dust Truck Model TSI 8520 was used for the sampling of particulate matter. PM10 and PM2.5concentrations were evaluated in 10 sampling stations in surrounding of cementplant according to the EPA guideline. These stations were important in terms of exposure with dust. The data was analyzed by SPSS-16.0 software and statistics testsof One-way ANOVA and T-test.Findings: The results of this study showedthat the maximum concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 was 61.4±12.02 µg/m3 and 36.8±2.12 µg/m3, respectively. In 3.06 % ofthe samples of PM10, the air quality was inunhealthy state and 100 % of the samples of PM2.5, the air quality were reported to be ingood condition. In addition, the amounts ofpersonal exposure with PM10 and PM2.5 were in the range of 491.2-614 μg-h/m3 and 294.4-368 μg-h/m3, respectively.Discussion & Conclusions: Increase of dustconcentration from the plant stack has beentransferred the irritant and hazardouspollutants to the Doroud Town ship and residential areas. There fore, it isrecommended that novel methods such as Bag Filters, Bag Houses and Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP) should be used toreduce the dust from stack.

Introduction: Phenol and Cadmium are of common components used in in dustrieswastewater such as petroleum refining, petrochemicals, and pesticides. The aim of this study was simultaneous removal of Cadmium and Phenol from aqueouss olution by using Titanium dioxidenanoparticles in nano-photocatalyticprocess UV/TiO2.Materials & methods: This experimental study in lab-scale batch was accomplished by using photo-reactor equipped with a 125 W low-pressure mercury vapor lamp andwith Wavelength 247.3 nm and intensity1020 μW/cm2 and emphasis on the effect of various parameters; such as pH (3-11), nano-particles doses (0.25-3 g/L) andPhenol, Cadmium at a concentration of (5-20 mg/L), presence of Format and removalrate of COD was investigated.Findings: The obtained results showed thatoptimum pH in the removal of Cadmiumand phenol is 7. The presence of each ofpollutants has positive role in in creasing there moval of other contaminants. The presence of Phenol cause increase removalof Cadmium and presence of Cadmiumcause increase removal of Phenol. Removalefficiency of COD by UV/TiO2 process after 120 min was obtained %71.4.Obtained results of experimental kineticsshowed that Phenol and Cadmium removalkinetics was followed (by both photocatalytic processes) of equations zeroorder and pseudo-first order, respectively. By changing in conditions of experiment, the degradation efficiency decreases in thisprocess.Discussion & Conclusions: The result ofthis study showed that nano-photo catalyticprocess UV/TiO2 in pilot scale has high efficiency as an effective method in simultaneous removal of phenol and Cadmium from aqueous solution.

Introduction: The Death Depression Scaleis made to measure pathological attitudes towards death. This scale has two options and likert forms.The purpose of this studywas to determine the validity and reliabilityof the Likert version of Death depression Scale (DDS) in an university students samples.Materials & methods: The current study was conducted in correlational context. Agroup of 894 students from Tabriz universities in 2012, using Stratifiedrandom sampling method, took part in thisresearch. Participants answered to theDeath Depression Scale (DDS). Data were analyzed using explanatory factor analysis of variance and Pierson correlation methods.Results: Factor Analysis results showed multidimensional structure of scale and extracted three factors which were labeleddeath despair/ death finality, deathloneliness & death acceptance whichaccounted for 59.43 % of variances.Concurrent validity reported parallel usingof Death Anxiety Scale, showing goodcoefficient (P<0.001, r=0.73). Howeverthree types of reliabilities (test retest, splithalf internal constancy) were reported.Discussion & Conclusions: In comparison with two options format, Likert form of Death Depression Scale is saturated by three factors, and has relatively higher validity and reliability. Thus it can be used, as valid measure, in death related studies.

Introduction: Heterotopic pregnancy occurs when intrauterine and ectopic implantation happens simultaneously. This type of pregnancy is extremely rare and the incidence is about 1 in 100 to 1 in 30000 of pregnancy. However, a heterotopicpregnancy usually occurs after using assisted reproductive technology, the iroccurrence in natural cycles is extremelyrare.Case report: A 28- year- old woman with prior term pregnancy was referred to the hospital with complain of acute abdominalpain. She had no history of infertility andwas a known case of polycystic ovariansyndrome. Every day she used a tablet ofmetformin from 1 month ago. Heterotopic pregnancy were diagnosed in 8week plus 4 days of gestation by using thetitrateOf BHCG and serial sonography and thefetus in the uterine cavity was missed. Laparotomy were Performed and a rupturedampullary ectopic gestation was present inleft tube. There fore, left tubeSalpingectomy and dilation plus curettagewere performed. Heterotopic pregnancywas confirmed by his topathologice valuation.Discussion & Conclusions: Heterotopicpregnancy could occur in natural cycle. Inregard to metformin as a risk factor ofoccurrence of heterotopic pregnancy, morestudies are needed.

Introduction: Obesity is the consequence of an excess of adipose tissue, resulting froman imbalance between food in take and energy expenditure. Exercise training dueto increase energy expenditure, can play anaffective role in decrease adipose tissue. The aim of the present study was toinvestigate the effect of the High IntensityInterval Training (HIIT) on adipose tissuelevels of adiponectin and plasma insulinand glucose in male rats.Materials & methods: 20 male rats (8 week years old) were randomly divided in to two training and control groups and each groupconsists of 10 rats. Training programper formed in 5 weeks, and 5 sessions perweek. Male wistar rats completed 6 HIIT bouts with 2 minutes duration and 37 m/min in first week, between each bout, rats resting for one minute. In second, thirdand fourth weeks, number of boutsincreased respectively to 7, 9 and 10. In thefinal week (fifth week), 12 HIIT bouts with 52 m/min speed performed. To measure study variables, 72 hours after last exercisetraining session, blood samples were collected and visceral and subcutaneousadipose tissue removed. Independent t-testwas used to analyze the data.Findings: Significant increase in levels of visceral adipose tissue Adiponectin(p<0.001) and significant decrease ofplasma insulin (p<0.001) were observed intraining group. But variation in levels of Adiponectin in subcutaneous adipose tissueand plasma glucose were not significant(p>0.05).Discussion & Conclusions: The results ofpresent study indicated that HIIT can resultin increase in subcutaneous and visceraladipose tissue levels of adiponectin. In thepresent study improvement in insulinsensitivity are related to increase levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue and HIIT aseffective factor induce decrease adiposetissue as well

Introduction: Minimum data set (MDS) isthe first important step in the development of health care information systems, because it makes a standard method forcollecting key data elements. The aim ofthe current study was to determine the minimum data set for Iranian children' shealthcare records.Materials & methods: This study is anapplied and descriptive-comparativeresearch carried out in 2015. Datacollection was done through a researchermade check list of children's health caredata which was modeled by observing Australia, Canada, United States and Iranand contained 242 items. The check list was subjected to debate in Delphi method by 20 experts in the field of Child Health and health information management.Findings: Out of 242 elements of children' shealth care discussed, 146 and 86 agreed by more than %75 and by 50-75% of expertsrespectively while 10 elements wererejected by them. Out of 242 items, just two (contraceptive method and mother unsuccessful experience in previouslactation) showed significant differen cesbetween responses of alumni groups of pediatrician, midwifery, public health andhealth care management experts withmedical record and information management professionals (P<0.05).Discussion & Conclusions: This study showed that some of the essential data elements presented in other countries’MDSare required for Iranian organizations andhealth care providers. So, a complete list ofa minimum set of data elements was created.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the neurodegenerative diseases which is associated with cognitive, behavior and motoral impairments. The main symptom of this disease is dementia, which may cause difficulties in carrying out daily practices. According to multifactorial nature of the disease and its several causin gfactors, studies have raised the hypothesisthat serum levels of some metals may beinvolved in causing of AD. One of these metals is aluminum. The aim of this study was to evaluate aluminum levels in Alzheimer patient's serum with severity of disease on one hand and comparing it inpatients and healthy individuals on theother hand.Materials & methods: In this study a groupof patients with a definite diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease were assessed with Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) for severity of illness. The amount of aluminum in serum was measured byatomic absorption spectro photometry ineach patient and control groups. There lationship between the aluminum and theseverity of disease was examined.Findings: 50 patients (26 male/ 24 female) and 50 healthy subjects (29 male/ 21 female) were enrolled in the study. Serumic Aluminum levels in patients and controls were 37.17±17μg/L and 23.38±30 μg/Lrespectively (p=0.006). Also the serumi caluminum was sign ificantly associated with severity of disease (r=0.913 and p<0.001).Discussion & Conclusions: The study indicated that sign ificant differences of these rumic Aluminum levels between Alzheimer's disease and normal subjectsand Aluminum can be raised as aenvironmental factor in causing & severityof AD.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to defective secretion or activity of insulin or both. This study was done to investigate the effects of oral administration of Abelmoschus Esculentus(AE) fruits on blood levels of glucose andinsulin in diabetic rats.Matherials & methods: 25 animals were grouped into five: normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), and 3 diabetic groupsthat received 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg/body weight of AE powder in their standard food. NC and DC groups fed with standard food. Diabetes mellitus was induced by single doze intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 60 mg/kg/body weight indiabetic groups. The period of experimentwas 3 weeks after confirming diabetesinduction and each group received it sparticular diet at this time. Blood sampleswere collected at the end of experiments. Obtained data were analyzed with excel and SPSS software.Findings: The results indicated that glucoselevel in DC group not only shows significant growth compared with NC group but also show sign ificant reductionand reaches to normal level in treateddiabetic group compared with DC group.Insulin level in DC group shows sign ificantreduction compared with NC group but despite of sign ificant increase of insulin level in each treated diabetic groups, only 200 mg/kg bw treated group showed normal level of insulin compared with DC group.Discussion & Conclusions: Despite of notgetting to normal level of insulin in upperdose of treated groups, AE fruit couldget glucose to normal levels in each treatedgroups.

Introduction: The complex network of chemokines and their receptors play an important role in development and metastasis of tumors. This study examines the mRNA expression rate of CCR2 andCCR5 and also the serum levels of CCL2 and CCL5 in patients with bladdertransitional cells carcinoma before and after transurethral resection (TUR) surgery.Materials & methods: In the present study, 10 male patients with transitional cellcarcinoma (TCC) and 10 healthy subjects were in cluded in the study. The blood samples were collected before TUR surgery and 21 days there after. Also, tumor and normal tissue samples were collected during the operation from42 of thesepatients. The CCR2 and CCR5 geneexpressions of normal and tumor tissues were determined grossly and also in PBL susing real-time PCR technique. The proteinlevels of CCL2 and CCL5 in PBLs wereinvestigated using ELISA technique.Findings: The CCR2 and CCR5 geneexpression in tumor tissue compared tonormal tissue, and in PBLs after TURsurgery compared to pre-surgery rateshowed a significant in crease (P<0005). Inexamination, the serum levels of CCL2 andCCL5 in patients with cancer compared tonormal subjects showed a sign ificantincrease (P<0005). In this study, the serum levels of CCL2 and CCL5 showed adistinct behavior; thus, the post- operativeserum levels of CCL2 sign ificantlyincreased, while the serum levels of CCL5 significantly reduced (P<0005).Discussion & Conclusions: This studyshowed variations of chemokine / receptoraxis of CCL2 / CCR2 which in tumor tissuecompared to normal tissue, and in PBLsafter TUR surgery compared to pre-surgeryrate showed a sign ificant increase.variations of chemokine / receptor axis of. CCL5 / CCR5 is so different, serumlevels of CCL5 sign if icantly reduced. Itseems that the nature of the tumor cells actsdifferently in producing and expressingCCL2 / CCR2 and CCL5 / CCR5. While itis generally expected that with tumorprogression, the ligand and the receptorrates will increase which is important and requires further research, particularlyregarding solid tumors. However, physicalremoval of the tumor has not a profoundrole in expression and secretion of studied chemokines.

Introduction: Infection Diarrhea is one of the most common causes of death in children. Each year, approximately two million people die world wide of diarrhea.Entropathogenic E. coli is the mostcommon cause of the acute and chronicdiarrhea in children in developing countries. The aim of this study was toevaluate the prevalence of the EPEC pathotype genes and their antibiotic resistance among iso latedbacteria from suspected cases of diarrhea children under age of 5 years.Materials & methods: A total of 150 fecal samples of diarrheic children referred toKermanshah hospital were collected during 5 months.55 isolates were confirmed asE.coli by biochemical and microbiologicaltests. Antimicrobial susceptibility were tested by disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Multiple PCR assay was used to identify pathotype geneseaeand BFP.Findings: E.coli isolates were reportedresistant to imipenem (100%) and tetracycline (73.34%) and were sensitive tociprofloxacin (100%) and gentamicin(96.66 %). Results of M-PCR showed that three isolated (5.4%) have eae gene.Discussion & Conclusions: Because of the importance of E.Coli as the main cause of diarrhea in children in developing countries, and due to in creasingcon sumption and resistance toantibacterial agents, it is a threat for the health of patients. This study shows thatthe incidence of Atypical E.coli is morethan typical prevalence.

Introduction: Most of the early aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene with two benzene rings causes anemia and damage to the retina. It is also toxic to plants and aquatic.The removal of this compound from water by multi-walled carbon nanotubes with the aim of determining the removal efficiency and optimum variables examination are reviewed.Matherials & methods: This study was done in Batch reactor to investigate the effects of Variations such as contact time (5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min), naphthalene concentration (0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7.5, 10, 15 mg/l and dose of nanotubes (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2) gr/l and pH (3, 5, 7, 10 inconcentration 3, 7.5, 10 mg/l of naphthalene in removal of naphthalene. Experimental data were evaluated with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models for adsorption equilibrium and different isotherm modelsfor kinetics of absorption were analyzed by comparing the total number coefficient of samples by the software.Findings: Maximum surface adsorption of naphthalene onto multi-walled carbonnanotubes was 33.3 mg/gr and maximum adsorption had occurred at acidic pH (pH=3), And appropriate time for receivingmaximum adsorption of naphthalene and equalizationstate is 90 min. with in creasingthe adsorbent dose fro 0.2 to 0.3 gr/ l, removal efficiency of naphthalenesolutionwith 10 mg/l initial concentration in creasedfrom 97 %to 99.99 %, and with increasingnaphthaleneinitial concentration from 3 to10 mg/l, removal efficiency increased from 73.33to 99.99 % at pH=3 after 90min. Adsorption mechanism consistent with freundlichIsoterm (R2=0.99) and followedpseudo first-order kinetics. (R2=0.96).Discussion & Conclusions: Due to small size, large surface area and consequently very high reactivity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, this adsorbent could be effective for removal of.

Introduction: Ulcer and its complications can cause many problems for patients.Therefore, understanding the factors that can influence wound healing and prevent the spread of damage is important. Thestudy aimed to identify factors affecting wound healing yellow Aloevera plant and propolis extracts.Materials & methods: In this study, 50 malewistar rats (180-130 Grm) were randomly selected and divided into five groups: control, diabetic rats, diabetic rats treated with Aloevera plant, diabetic rats treated with propolis extract and diabetic ratstreated with their combination. Then eachof five groups after being injured 2 cm inlength, were made on the skin and the wound healing process was followed daily.Wound area was measured at the next daysand MATLAB software was used forcalculating the percentage of wound healing. In order to study pathology on days 4, 7, 14 and 21 of the wounds were sampledand one way analysis of variance(ANOVA) test was used to compare the differences between the groups and Tukey post hoc test was used to specify where the difference occurred.Findings: The mean healing time in the experimental group treated with acombination of Aloevera plant and propolisextract was less than the other groups(P≤0.01). Also, the histological study Confirmed improvement in skin text uretreatment with Aloevera plant and propolisextract significant difference compared tothe other groups (P≤0.01).Diacussion & Conclusions: The study showed that topical administration of Aloevera plant and propolis extract accelerate healing of diabetic ulcers.

Introduction: Severebrain injurycan make peoplesusceptible to mental disorder. However, the mildtraumatic braininjuryisstill open for discussion.The objectives of this study was topredicttherisk of mental disorders after mildtraumaticbraininjury.Materials & methods: This prospective cohortstudy was doneon 72 patients with MTBI and 72 other healthy controls. After 6 months off ollow-up, the in dividuals were assessed for memory test and the irresponsestoq uestionnaires of DERS, BSI, and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) aswell.Then, the risk of mental disordersinterms of demographicvariablesandpredictive value of eachpatientwascalculated.Findings: The results of logistic regressionmodel showed that the mildtraumaticbraininjury, increases the risk of mentaldisorder 6 months after the traumaup to 11 times. After the injury, level of education(4.287=OR), economic situation, (2.497=OR), and age (1.07=OR), enhances the risk of mental disorders.Discussion & Conclusions: Mental disordersafter TBI are closely associated with demographic factors (level of education andeconomic status)and psychological factors. Based on the data gained in thisstudy, educational, psychiatric, and psychological intervention scould beprioritized and accounted for preventionand better management of symptomsofmental disordersin the patients.