Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences
Year:2019 | Volume:26 | Issue:6 |Papers Count:25

Introduction: There has been growing interest in using environmentally friendly methods of synthesizing nanoparticles without using substances risky to the environment and human health. The aims of this study were biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using different tree gum extracts and evaluation of the toxicity of nanoparticles and their salts against two bacteria: Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Materials & Methods: In this study, silver nanoparticles (SNPs) synthesized from manna of Quercus, Cerasus avium, and Prunus armeniaca gum extracts were investigated for their antibacterial activity. Silver nanoparticles were prepared from the reduction of silver nitrate. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were formed by reduction of CuCl2 with L-ascorbic acid. Prepared nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and TEM techniques. Antibacterial activities of the nanoparticles were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Findings: In the present study, biosynthesis and characterization of SNPs using Cerasus avium and Prunus armeniaca gum extracts is reported for the first time. The spectrum of the reaction mixture showed a strong absorption peak at 420 nm. TEM image showed that Ag-NPs (SNPs) formed were well dispersed with a spherical structure and 10 to 30 nm particle size range. Bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus) showed clear hypersensitivity to silver and copper nanoparticles, and the effects of SNPs were more notable than those of CuNPs. Data analysis showed that CuCl2 and AgNO3 nanoparticles had a lower inhibitory effect. Discussion & Conclusions: Our results showed these microorganisms had sensitivity against the tested nanoparticles; however, E. coli showed higher sensitivity than S. aureus to both nanoparticles.

Introduction: Low-frequency noise, even at low levels, is annoying and affects the physiological function of individuals. Some individual differences, such as sensitivity to noise, can reduce or increase the effect of noise on physiological parameters. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of individual sensitivity on physiological parameters in the presence of low-frequency noise. Materials & Methods: This is an interventional study. 120 subjects were selected through targeted sampling (60 high sensitivity and 60 low sensitivity). By simulating the real environment of each person, they were exposed to 50, 60, and 70 dB of noise. Before and after exposure, the mean body temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen content was measured and recorded. Data were analyzed using the SPSS20 software package, independent t-test, and paired Ttest. Findings: The results showed that lowfrequency noise negatively affects physiological parameters and increases physiological parameters by increasing the noise level from 50 to 70 dB (P<0. 05). Investigating the combined effect of individual sensitivity to noise and gender showed that physiological parameters are more affected in women and people with high sensitivity (P<0. 05). Discussion & Conclusions: Considering that high blood pressure is closely related to cardiovascular disease, the use of people who are more tolerant to noise (low sensitivity) in areas where exposure to noise is higher than the safe limit can prevent cardiac complications.

Introduction: A potential limitation of current ACL injury prevention training may be a deficit in the transfer of conscious, optimal movement strategies rehearsed during training sessions to automatic movements required for athletic activities. Instructional strategies with an internal focus of attention have traditionally been utilized, but may not be optimal for the acquisition of the control of complex motor skills. Conversely, external-focus instructional strategies may enhance skill acquisition more efficiently and increase the transfer of improved motor skills to sports activities Objective: The purpose of the current study was investigation of the effect of feedback training utilizing external focus of attention on kinetic, kinematic, and functional factors of active subjects. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four males (aged 24. 83± 2. 77 years, BMI 22. 20± 1. 8 kg/m2, and weight 72. 20± 9. 30 kg) were randomly assigned to feedback (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. The Feedback group completed training 3 times a week for 8 weeks; training lasted 45 min in each session. Peak knee flexion angle was measured using 3D motion analysis during landing, peak vertical and posterior ground reaction force was measured using force plate set, and functional movement was measured using triple hop test. For data analysis repeated measures analysis of variance, independent-sample, and paired t tests were used. Findings: Results revealed that feedback training caused significantly increased peak knee flexion angle (p=0. 001, pre=44. 88± 4. 89, post=51. 26± 4. 80, effect size=1. 266), increased functional movement of subjects (p=0. 006, pre=5. 11± . 51, post=5. 21± . 49, effect size=0. 911), and decreased peek posterior ground reaction force (p=0. 011, pre=-303± 55. 39, post=-271± 45. 83, effect size=0. 877). There was no significant effect in peak vertical ground reaction force (p=0. 134, pre=2076± 426. 79, post=1884± 328. 18, effect size=0. 612 ). Conclusion: Given the reported significant effect of training on peak hip abduction moment and functional movement of participants, coaches and athletes recommended that to reduce the risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury and increase athletic functional performance, feedback training should be used during training sessions.

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome is one of the most common female problems and causes changes such as functional disorders in women. Low quality sleep can affect every aspect of life. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the premenstrual syndrome with sleep quality in women sponsored by the drug addiction treatment centers in Shiraz in 2017. Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 70 women sponsored by the drug addiction treatment centers in Shiraz in 2017. After completing the consent form, participants completed the premenstrual syndrome and the Petersburg sleep quality questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient and the results were considered statistically significant at P≤ 0. 05. Findings: The results showed that 53. 03% had good sleep quality and 47. 70% had undesirable sleep quality. The symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome were mild in 19. 69%, moderate in 46. 96%, and severe in 33. 33% of the women. There are significant relationships between the total score of sleep quality, the total score of premenstrual syndrome (P = 0. 04), and psychological symptoms (P = 0. 03) and impact on life (P = 0. 02) variables. Also, there were significant relationships between dysfunction in the morning, the total score of premenstrual syndrome (P = 0. 003), and psychological symptoms (P = 0. 02) and impact on life (P = 0. 01) variables. Ethics code: IR. MIAU. REC. 1395. 112 Discussion & Conclusions: Based on our findings, we can say that there is a significant relationship between sleep quality and premenstrual syndrome in women sponsored by the drug addiction treatment centers in Shiraz.

Introduction: One of the most important glucose transporters is glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), which can be expressed in insulin-sensitive tissues such as skeletal muscles. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training on GLUT4 gene expression and glycemic index in rats with type 2 diabetes. Materials & Methods: Twenty-seven Wistar rats were selected; the rats were fed a high-fat diet for 6 weeks and then randomly divided into three groups: diabetic with resistance training (n=10), diabetic control (n=10), and obesity control (n=7). Type 2 diabetes was induced by injection of a low dose of Streptozotocin (STZ) (30 mg/kg). The resistance training program was performed for 6 weeks, five days per week. The glucose concentration was measured by glucose oxidase enzyme technology, serum insulin by the ELISA method, and real-time PCR was used to test the GLUT4 gene expression. For data analysis, independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used (α =0/ 05). Findings: The results indicated that induction of diabetes reduced the GLUT4 gene expression in the gastrocnemius muscle tissue of diabetic rats (P=0. 001). Also, GLUT4 gene expression increased in the diabetic training group compared with the diabetic control group (P=0. 038). In addition, blood glucose and insulin resistance decreased significantly. The content of GLUT4 gene expression was increased in the training group compared with the diabetic control group (p=0. 001). Discussion & Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, it can be stated that the GLUT4 gene expression in rat gastrocnemius muscle tissue is reduced in diabetic rats. Also, resistance training could increase the GLUT4 gene expression and improve glucose transport and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats. This could be due to improvement in the performance of glucose transporters by resistance training.

Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and the most lethal cancer worldwide. It is often diagnosed at advanced stages. One of the mechanisms of the immune system to fight lung cancer cells is autophagy. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process in which proteins and organelles are deleted by lysosomes. microRNAs are small RNAs containing about 19– 22 nucleotides that function as important regulatory elements in the cell and as oncogene or tumor suppressors in lung cancer. The role of miRNAs is important in lung cancer progression by regulating autophagy genes of several proteins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of miR-204-5p and miR-20a expressions involved in the autophagy pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. Materials & Methods: In this study, miR-204-5p and miR-20a expression levels were studied, using the quantitative Real-Time PCR technique, in 30 patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer. RNA was extracted from tumor and adjacent normal tissue of NSCLC patients. cDNA was synthesized using specific stem-loop for miR-20a, miR-204-5p, and RNU44 reference gene. Finally, the expression levels of miRNAs were assessed by Real-Time PCR and the data were analyzed using the 2-Δ Δ CT method. Ethics code: sbmub. REC. 1394. 112 Findings: Based on the results of the qRTPCR analysis it was revealed that miR-20a and miR-204 were upregulated and downregulated in tumor tissues, respectively. Discussion & Conclusions: These changes in the expression level, suggest that miR-20a and miR-204-5p are oncogenes and tumor suppressors, respectively. So, measuring the expression level of miR-20a could be a biomarker for the diagnosis and progression of non-small cell lung cancer as well as a platform for the targeted treatment of cancer.

Introduction: Scrotal hyperthermia has been known as a cause of male infertility. Testicular heat-stress even for a single short period can induce destruction in testicular tissue and spermatogenesis disturbances. This study was conducted to determine the protective effects of royal jelly (RJ) against testicular damage and spermatogenesis following heat-stress induction in male rats. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=6( including: 1-Control, 2-RJ (100 mg/kg BW/day; PO), 3, 4 and 5 heat-stressed (43, 39, and 37 for 20 min per day, respectively) and 6, 7 and 8 heatstressed along with RJ (43, 39, and 37 for 20 min per day, respectively plus RJ at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW/day; PO). Heatstress was induced through immersion of experimental rat scrotums in a water bath. After 48 days, the animals were sacrificed and left testes were removed and fixed. Five-micrometer testicular tissue sections were prepared and studied using a light microscope. Findings: The data revealed that diameter and germinal epithelium height of the seminiferous tubules, thickness of basement membrane, number of spermatogenic and Sertoli cells, and testicular weight decreased significantly (p<0. 05) in heatstress groups compared to control and RJ groups. Interestingly, RJ co-administration significantly (p<0. 05) ameliorated abovenoted parameters in all heat-stress-exposed animals except in 43 heat-stress + RJ group. Discussion & Conclusions: RJ administration can protect testicular tissue changes and prevent reduction of spermatogenic cell counts in testicular heat stress conditions.

Introduction: One of the important environmental problems in the international community is contamination with heavy metals from industrial development. Not only do these elements threaten human health but they also make changes in the natural state of the ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the heavy arsenic element on lactate enzyme activity in the Bacillus subtilis bacteria. Materials & Methods: Bacillus subtilis bacteria were isolated from the wastewater of paper and pasteboard industry of Hormozgan province from a depth of 51 cm below the surface of the soil and the strain was subjected to biochemical and morphological tests for screening. After determining the optimum growth conditions, the activity of the bacteria laccase enzyme in different concentrations of arsenic was measured from (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg. ) was measured. The enzymatic activity of the strains was measured by the kinetic method at each concentration using a spectrophotometer at 634 nm using a 25 mM citrate buffer with pH 4. 5 as a substrate. Findings: Maximum laccase enzyme activity in Bacillus subtilis bacteria was not significantly different at concentration of 5 mg/L of arsenic from maximum growth of bacteria in control sample and maximum growth of bacteria at concentration of 20 mg/L. However, by increasing the concentration of arsenic in the culture medium, the growth of the bacteria in the control sample, with the exception of its maximum growth in concentration of 20 mg/L, showed a significant difference with other concentrations (P<0. 05. ( Discussion & Conclusions: The results show that arsenic can decrease bacterial growth rate and lactate enzyme activity in Bacillus subtilis bacteria.

Introduction: Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemicals present in turmeric. The method of extraction has an effect on the percentage and type of chemical compounds extracted. Instrumental analysis was used to determine the flavonoid and flavanol content of turmeric utilizing different extraction methods. Materials & Methods: Phytochemical tests were performed on an ethanolic Soxhlet extract to determine the secondary metabolites present. Different methods of instrumental analysis were used to verify the presence of curcuminoids. Flavonoid and flavanol content was evaluated using different extraction methods. They included maceration, ultrasonic, and Soxhlet extraction. Quercetin was utilized as standard. Findings: Phytochemical studies confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides in turmeric ethanolic extracts. Tannins and saponins were however absent. IR, UV, GC, and GC/MS indicate the presence of curcuminoids in turmeric extract prepared by Soxhlet extraction. Statistical analysis indicated that the highest flavonoid and flavanol content was from hexane and ethanolic extracts. Discussion & Conclusions: Despite the requirement of high temperature and the use of a hot solvent in Soxhlet extraction, the curcuminoids structure was retained. This method of extraction may be suitable for extraction of curcumin from the turmeric plant. Another suitable extraction method for flavonoid and flavanol compounds is the use of both ethanol and hexane as solvents.

Introduction: The azole class of compounds is the most popular among the antifungal classes because of its lower toxicity, higher efficacy, and a broad spectrum of activity. Ergosterol is the main component of the fungal cell membrane. Inhibition of the 14α-demethylase enzyme will result in decreased ergosterol synthesis. Ergosterol plays a hormone-like role in fungal cells, which stimulates growth. The net effect of azoles is inhibition of fungal growth. In this research, a group of azole derivatives with CYP51 inhibitory activity was subjected to a docking study, followed by toxicity risk assessment. Materials & Methods: This research is a descriptive-analytic study. In order to investigate the mode of the benzimidazole oxime ether derivatives coupling with the enzyme active site, at first, the chemical structures of all compounds were designed using the ChemBioDraw Ultra14. 0 software. Then to maximize energy efficiency, they were exported into the HyperChem software package. Docking study was performed using the Auto Dock Vina program. Then the results were analyzed utilizing the Molegro Virtual Docking software. At the final stage, the toxicity risk assessment of compounds was performed using the OSIRIS program. Findings: According to docking study results, the main bonds in drug-receptor interactions are azole-heme coordination, the hydrogen bond, and hydrophobic interactions. Among all studied compounds, the best docking results are related to combination No. 1 (imidazole heterocyclepathic compound). In fact, this compound had the most negative Δ Gbind (-9. 17 Kcal/mol), which indicated favorable interactions with the key amino acid residues at the active site of CYP51. Discussion & conclusions: According to the results of docking studies and the evaluation of toxicity risk, it can be concluded that combination No. 1(imidazole heterocycle-pathic compound) in comparison with fluconazole reference compound might be considered a more effective inhibitor of the CYP51 enzyme.

Introduction: Burkholderia pseudomallei causing Melioidosis and Shigella dysenteriae is the most common cause of diarrhea, and so far no effective vaccine has been produced against these two bacteria. The BLF1 protein of Burkholderia pseudomallei bacteria plays an important role in pathogenesis and infection. Shigella dysentery STxB is one of the most important factors in pathogenesis and also has an adjuvant role. Binding the BLF1 protein with STxB can be a good candidate vaccine. In this study, the antibody titers of BLF1-STxB and BLF1 proteins produced in rats were compared. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, pET28a (+)-blf1-stxB and pET28a (+)-blf1 vectors were transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) and confirmed by PCR. The expression of blf1-stxB and blf1 genes was induced by IPTG and the proteins were injected into rats four times after purification of the protein by using an affinity chromatography column. Polyclonal antibodies produced in the serum of rats were measured. Findings: The produced recombinant proteins were approved by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. ELISA results showed that antibody was produced against the BLF1 antigen and the antibody titer level increased by STxB binding to BLF1, compared with the antibody titer against the BLF1 antigen. Discussion & Conclusions: The BLF1-STxB protein had higher antibody titer than BLF1. Due to the structural similarity of STxB subunit with its counterpart in E. coli, it can be a vaccine candidate against Burkholderia pseudomallei, Shigella dysenteriae, enterohemorrhagic E. coli, and enterotoxigenic E. coli.

Introduction: Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) belongs to the Rutaceae family. The purpose of this study was to identify the phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity of Bergamot essential oil as well as investigating the effect of its antimicrobial activity on some pathogenic strains causing infection using in vitro. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, phytochemical compounds of Bergamot essential oil were identified using gas chromatography– mass spectrometry. Antioxidant potential was evaluated by radical scavenging capacity assay (IC50). The antimicrobial effect of Bergamot essential oil was tested through Kirby-Bauer, agar diffusion (well), broth microdilution susceptibility assay, and pour plate (minimum bactericidal concentration) methods. Findings: Phytochemical analysis of the essential oil confirmed the presence of 19 constituents in Bergamot. The main constituents were Limonene (31. 58%) and Linalool (21. 47%). The Antioxidant activity (IC50) of Bergamot essential oil was equal to 212μ g/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Bergamot essential oil for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes was 4, 8, 2 and 2 mg/ml, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration for bacteria was 8, 8, 4 and 4 mg/ml, respectively. Discussion & Conclusions: This study revealed the considerable inhibitory effects of Bergamot essential oil on the pathogenic strain causing infection, including Grampositive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes). Although more research is needed in this field, Bergamot essential oil can be used as a new antimicrobial agent in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

Introduction: The use of nanoparticles to inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells is one of the achievements of the nanotechnology science. Studies have shown that silver nanoparticles have cytotoxic effects on the growth of cancerous cells. On the other hand, the antioxidant properties of this nanoparticle have been proven in many studies. Therefore, in this investigation, antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Root of Persicaria bistorta L (Bi/Ag-NPs) on liver cancer cells (HepG2) compared with normal skin cells (HDF) were studied. In addition, ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of Bi/Ag-NPs was evaluated using colorimetric tests. Materials & Methods: In order to evaluate the cytotoxicity effects, first the cancerous and normal cells were cultured and treated with various concentrations of Bi/Ag-NPs and finally, the cell survival rate was estimated using the MTT assay. The antioxidant activity of Bi/Ag-NPs was evaluated according to the amount of ABTS and DPPH free radicals inhibition. Findings: The results showed that Bi/Ag-NPs inhibited cancer cells with an IC50 value of about 3 μ g/ml, while at this concentration they were ineffective on normal cells (IC50: 50 μ g/ml). The scavenging of ABTS (IC50: 15 μ g / ml) and DPPH (IC50: 20 μ g/ml) free radicals confirmed the antioxidant properties of Bi/Ag-NPs. Discussion & Conclusions: The cytotoxic and antioxidant results show that Bi/Ag-NPs can be used as auxiliary agents for treating many diseases that are caused by oxidative stress and other biomedical applications.

Introduction: Prenatal stress causes brain alteration and prolongs effects on structure and function. Parkinson's is a progressive neurodegenerative disease And one of the factors motive Parkinson's is the Prenatal stress. Exercising activity is a good way to prevent the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mandatory exercise on Substantia nigra tissue in Perinatal Parkinson's rats. Materials & Methods: A Laboratory research method was used. 48 Wistar male rats, half of them under prenatal stress And followed up on compulsory sports activities. Were divided into 8 groups of 6, with stress (control, sham, Parkinson, Parkinson + compulsory exercise) and without stress (control, sham, Parkinson, Parkinson + compulsory exercise). the animals received Stereotaxic Surgery after 8 weeks, Three weeks later, Parkinson's symptoms were evaluated using Apo morphine rotation test and Wire grasping. The number of substantia nigra neurons in the brain is counted using a microscope; Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey's Post Test. Ethics code: IR. IAU. SRB. REC. 1396 Findings: In groups with and without stress, the number of substantia nigra neurons compulsory sports group was different from that of the control group and this difference was statistically significant (P=0. 0000). The average number of substantia nigra neurons compulsory sports group in both groups with and without stress difference was low, but statistically significant (P=0. 014). Discussion & conclusions: The results refer to the effects of compulsive exercise on the better protection of Substantia nigra neurons and suggests that exercise can be effective as a beneficial factor in reducing the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Prenatal stress also reduces the beneficial effects of exercise.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex heterogeneous group of metabolic conditions characterized by increased levels of blood glucose due to impairment in insulin action and/or insulin secretion. The TCF7L2 gene is considered one of the major genes susceptible to diabetes. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs7903146 is located in intron 3 of this gene, which is significantly effective in type 2 diabetes. Materials & Methods: In this case-control study, 141 patients and 86 healthy subjects were present. 5cc peripheral blood from diabetics was collected in EDTA-containing tubes. Genomic DNA was extracted using the salting-out method, and polymorphism genotype was investigated using the PCRRFLP method. Findings: Genotype and allele frequencies of the rs7903146 polymorphism differed significantly between type 2 diabetic patients and non-diabetic subjects (P=0. 0468 and P=0. 0474, respectively). The frequency of the T allele was 54. 5% in the type 2 diabetes group and 39. 5% in nondiabetic subjects-and this allele was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes risk (OR=1. 8333, 95% CI 1. 0456-3. 2144). Discussion & Conclusions: Our results confirmed the association between the rs7903146 polymorphism of the TCF7L2 gene and the increased risk of type 2 diabetes in western Mazandaran, Iran.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is accompanied with enhanced oxidative stress and reduced activity of the antioxidant defense system. Due to the significant role of enhanced oxidative stress in the development of ovarian damage in diabetics, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chronic administration of zinc sulfate on oxidative stress markers in ovarian tissue of diabetic rats. Materials & Methods: This experimental study was performed on 24 female Wistar rats weighing 120-150 gr. The rats were divided into four groups: normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), and two diabetic groups treated with zinc sulfate (15 and 30 mg/kg). Zinc sulfate was administered one week after streptozotocin injection for 28 days (via gavage daily). At the end of the experiment, the body weight and blood sugar of the animals were measured and compared with the weight and blood glucose measured in the week before the study. Also malondialdehyde levels (MDA), catalase activity (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as oxidative stress indices in ovarian tissue were measured. In the end, the data were analyzed statistically using the SPSS software, and ANOVA and Tukey’ s tests were analyzed. Findings: Chronic uncontrolled Hyperglycemia (blood glucose greater than 300 mg/dl) significantly increased the levels of MDA in diabetic animals compared to normal animals (p<0. 05). Also, hyperglycemia caused a decrease in the activity of the catalase enzyme and the levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in diabetic animals (p<0/05). and Hyperglycemia reduced the activity of the catalase enzyme and ultimately the capacity The total antioxidant of the total antioxidant (TAC) of diabetic animals (p<0/05). Administration of zinc sulfate by increasing the activity of the catalase enzyme reduced the levels of MDA in diabetic animal ovary tissue in comparison with the diabetic control group, but could not significantly affect TAC. Discussion & Conclusions: Administration of zinc sulfate for four weeks in a dosedependent manner reduces oxidative stress indexes in ovarian tissue of diabetic rats.

Celiac is an autoimmune disease that in addition to gastrointestinal complications has extra-intestinal complications such as neurological manifestations including seizure, encephalopathy, and ataxia. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of celiac in children with seizure. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 100 children with seizure during 1395. Blood samples were taken from all patients to assay IgA tissue transglutaminase (IgA anti tTG). Then, all patients with elevated levels of TTgIGA were subjected to endoscopy and biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of celiac. The results were analyzed using the SPSS 21 software package and frequency distribution. Findings: In this study, 100 children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years with seizure were studied. The average age of these patients was 166121612 years. 545 of patients had generalized tonic-clonic seizures and 465 had paroxysmal seizures. Three people with generalized tonic-clonic seizures and 2 subjects with parasitic seizures tested IgA tTg-positive. The prevalence of celiac disease among patients with seizure was 55. Discussion & Conclusions: Due to accompaniment of celiac with neurological manifestations, patients with neurological symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms should be examined for celiac.

Introduction: According to the high prevalence of pathologic and physiologic dependence to morphine as a strong opioid analgesics and tolerance to analgesic effects, it seems inevitable to find solutions to reduce these consequences. Previous studies addressed different types of drugs, such as anti-seizure drugs and antipsychotics. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ketorolac on tolerance and dependence to the analgesic properties of the chronic use of morphine in male mice. Materials & Methods: In this study, adult male albino mice were divided into 9 groups. In order to investigate the analgesic tolerance, mice received morphine plus ketorolac either on 5 consecutive days or a single dose in the fifth day. The hot plate test was performed and latency times were recorded. For the evaluation of chemical pain, formalin subplantar injection was administered and the pain marks were recorded. Finally, dependence assessment was performed using naloxone hydrochloride injection on the fifth day, and the withdrawal symptoms were recorded. Findings: There was a significant difference (P<0. 05) among the single dose of morphine, normal saline (as the negative control group), and chronic morphine administration; with no significant difference between taking a single dose of morphine or ketorolac in the addicted mice. Regarding the dependence, there was a significant difference (P<0. 05) between the chronic use of morphine and chronic morphine plus ketorolac administration were reported. Discussion & Conclusions: It can be concluded that ketorolac have an antianalgesic effect on chemical pain. It reduces tolerance to morphine antianalgesic effect and it is capable of reducing the withdrawal syndrome symptoms induced by naloxone.

Introduction: In recent year, there has been a growing interest in the field of misbehaviors. Meanwhile, one of the concepts that attracted the attention of organizational experts is workplace incivility. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of workplace incivility on the unproductive behaviors of hospital staff. Accordingly, the present study sought to reduce the scientific gap between the processes of workplace incivility behavior and to help managers avoid such behaviors, thereby enhancing citizenship behaviors, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization and avoid the direct and indirect devastating effects of this phenomenon on the organization. Materials & Methods: This descriptivecorrelational study was conducted on 344 employees of hospitals in Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran, in 2017. The participants were selected from the study population of 3224 employees using simple random sampling technique. The study instruments were workplace Incivility Behavior, Selfmonitoring, Locus of Control, Compulsory Citizenship Behavior, Anti-Citizenship Behavior, and Counterproductive workplace behavior scales whose validity and validity was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and content validity. The data were analyzed using PLS software and tested by structural equation method (SEM) in terms of confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis testing parts. Findings: The results of the research show that workplace incivility behaviors affect the non-productive behaviors of the staff positively and significantly (t>1. 96). In this regard, the variables of Compulsory Citizenship Behavior and anti-citizen behavior play a mediating role (t>1. 96). Moreover, the moderating role of locus of control and self-monitoring was negatively significant (t>1. 96; β <0). Discussion & Conclusions: Considering the destructive effects of incivility on the organization, it is necessary to consider transparent and precise management measures, improvement of the working environment, and the necessary training regarding hospital staff behavior.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system in which myelin is destroyed. Oxidative stress and subsequent apoptosis are recognized as factors involved in the pathogenesis of MS. On the other hand, 17-β-estradiol is well known for its anti-oxidant properties. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 17-beta-estradiol on oxidative stress parameters in the experimental model of MS. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on 49 Wistar male rats cannulating into the CA1 area of hippocampus. The rats were randomly divided into following groups (n=7): control group, sham group, MS group, estradiol groups, MS+estradiol groups. MS model was induced by intrahippocampal injection of ethidium bromide and estradiol was injected as a pretreatment for 5 days. At the end of experiments, the levels of oxidative stress parameters, such as MDA, Glutathione, and antioxidant enzymes (Glutathione peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase and Catalase)were measured in this study. Findings: The microinjection of ethidium bromide increased the oxidative capacity and reduced the antioxidant enzyme (SOD GPx and CAT) activity (P<0. 05). The pretreatment of 17-beta-estradiol prevented an increase in oxidative capacity and decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the experimental groups (P<0. 05). Discussion & Conclu sions: The 17-betaestradiol, as a potent antioxidant, is likely to prevent the increase of oxidative stress indices in the experimental model of MS by removing reactive oxygen species and clearing the tissues from free radicals.