JOURNAL OF APPLIED EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY (JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE)
Year:2018 | Volume:14 | Issue:27 |Papers Count:23

Background&Purpose: Isocapnic buffering (IB) and hypocapnic hyperventilation (HHV) have important effect in the sport performance and cardiovascular health evaluation. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on the isocapnic buffering (IB) and hypocapnic hyperventilation (HHV) in young male endurance athletes. Materials and Methods: 14 young male athletes were selected and randomly divided in to two equal, Control and CoQ10 groups. For 4 weeks, experimental group and Control group consumed CoQ10 and placebo 60 mg CoQ10 daily, respectively. In three sessions, two groups performed GXT to measure ventilation threshold (VT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP) on the 1, 14 and 28 days. Subject’ s respiratory gases collected through the mask and automatically the amount of the consumed O2, CO2, EqO2 and EqCO2, equivalent to VT and RCP at intervals of 10 seconds were recorded. For within and between group mean difference comparison, Repeated measures Anova and independent t-test were used, respectively (P< 0. 05). Results: A repeated measures ANOVA in CoQ10 group, determined that mean IB was not differed significantly between time points (F= 1. 40, P=0. 28). HHV range differed significantly between time points (F= 7. 00, P=0. 01). Post-test HHV increased significantly to pre-test (P =0. 02). In Con, HHV differences wasn’ t significant. There wasn’ t between group significant mean difference at IB and HHV. Conclusion: Although in theory coenzyme Q10 may be useful for exercise capacity and decrease oxidative stress, 14 and 28 day supplementation with 60 mg/d Q10 failed to show any significant effects on the isocapnic buffering (IB) and hypocapnic hyperventilation (HHV) phases in young male athletes.

Background & Purpose: Sway back posture is one of the most common spinal deformity in the young population. This deformity, due to its passive nature, was more likely to be associated back pain and Scheuermann kyphosis compared with the kyphosis, lordosis and flat back. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of three corrective exercise methods on the spinal alignment of individuals with sway back posture. Methodology: the study subjects included 52 sway back students with the average age, 20/61 ± 1/17, weight, 67/47 ± 12/34 and Height, 172/25 ± 6/62 that were purposefully selected and randomly classified into three experimental (each group with n=13) and one control groups(n=13). Pre-and post-exercise spinal postural alignment was measured by; forward head, kyphosis, lordosis, pelvic tilt and the sway angles. Experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 received core, routines and combined exercises for 12 weeks, three sessions per week and 40 to 80 minutes per session and control group participated in their daily routine activities. Data were analyzed by MANCOVA method at the 0. 05 significant levels. Results: The findings showed that each of the three methods of exercise has a significant effect on spinal alignment of sway back people, but a combined exercise has a significant better effectiveness than two other methods (Based on effect size). Conclusion: So, combined corrective exercise can be recommended to correct spinal alignment of sway back, due to the better efficiency of these exercises.

Background & Purpose: Individuals with malalignment (especially in lower limb) in addition to suitable landing strategy need to correct postural alignment. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the correction exercise program on asymmetry index of landing ground reaction force characteristics in elderly individuals with genu valgus during bilateral drop landing. Material and Methods: Thirteen elderly males with genu valgus (mean age: 63. 92± 2. 21 years; height: 1. 69± 0. 04 m; mass: 71. 15± 4. 59 kg) were volunteered to participate in this study. The ground reaction forces and kinematic data of bilateral drop landing were measured by two Kistler Force Platforms (1000 Hz) during pre and posttests. The subjects conducted corrective exercise program (including both flexibility and resistance training by Thera band) for 35-40 minutes at each session, 3 times a week, for 16 weeks. Dependent variables were included: asymmetry indices of ground reaction force characteristics, their time to peak, loading rate, impulse, and free moment. Paired sample T test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Asymmetry indices of vertical (by 1. 9 %; p=0. 047) and anterior-posterior (by 26. 8 %; p=0. 026) impulses during posttest were lower than that pretest. However, asymmetry indices of other ground reaction force variables (ground reaction forces and their time to peaks in all axes, vertical loading rate (p=0. 978), free moment (p=0. 763), and medio-lateral impulse (p=0. 149)) between pre and posttest were not statistically different. Conclusion: Overall, corrective exercise program did not show significant effect on asymmetry indices of ground reaction forces. However, corrective exercise program may be suitable intervention to improve asymmetry indices of vertical and anterior-posterior impulses in elderly males with genu valgus during bilateral drop landing. Therefore, using of these trainings for improvement of symmetry index of impulse during daily activities was recommended.

Background&Purpose: Genu varum deformity is known as a factor disrupting gravity line and force pattern in lower limb that can cause disorder in posture control and the increase of injury while doing sports. This study investigated the effect of genu varum deformity on posture control index during walking and running. Material and Methods: Thirty active men were categorized into two groups of genu varum (15) and normal (15) based on their knee posture. Posture control index (center of mass changes to center of pressure) in two directions of anterior – posterior and medial-lateral using force plate was recorded and analyzed. Data were analyzed utilizing MANOVA for between-group differences and paired samples t-test for within-group differences at a. 05 level of significance. Results: Cop-com in anterior-posterior direction for the experimental groups while walking (p=0. 038) and running (p=0. 01) in the dominant limb and while running in the non-dominant limb (p=0. 002) yielded a significant value, but in medial-lateral direction, no significant difference was observed for the variables. In addition, regarding the dominant and non-dominant limb, a significant value was observed for none of the directions. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that mechanical departure resulting from genu varum deformity, though residing in frontal plate, can influence the sagittal plate too and cause the significant decrease of posture control in the sagittal plate. The findings imply that when designing balance schedules and exercising activities for those suffering from genu varum deformity, besides frontal plate in which deformity takes place, the sagittal plate be considered too.

Background & Purpose: Evaluation is the most important process used to improve the quality of the curriculum. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of physical education (sport Physiology) curriculum in MA degree, emphasizing on these elements: goals, content, executive strategies (teaching-learning and management strategies) and the curriculum evaluation strategies. Methodology: The current research is descriptive-survey study. The study population includes students of universities of Kurdistan, Hamedan, western and eastern Azerbaijan in 94-95 semester from which, by the stratified sampling method, (100) individuals were selected. A questionnaire of 68 questions made by Hosseini (1388) has been used for the gathering of the data. Content and face validity were used to estimate the validity of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient at 0. 97. Data were analyzed by the use of the SPSS software. Results: The results of this study showed that, in relation to the goals and content, the needs and expectations of students are moderately estimated; but in relation to executive strategies (teaching-learning strategies, management strategies) and curriculum evaluation strategies, they have not been able to estimate their needs and expectations. Conclusion: In the class, traditional teaching methods are used and less attention is paid to the use of active and participatory methods and the evaluation method does not have the necessary transparency.

Background&Purpose: Considering the cause of injury is essential for prescribing the interventions for treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of abdominal muscles Kinesio Taping on the lower extremity three dimensional joint kinematics during running in females with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Material and Methods: 23 females with patellofemoral pain syndrome (20– 25 years) performed 3 running trials at speed of 3± 0. 2 m/s in two conditions, barefoot, and bare foot with abdominal muscles Kinesio Taping. Three dimensional lower extremity joints kinematics were calculated and between-condition comparisons were assessed by paired sample T test (pResults: Kinesio Taping significantly reduced peak hip extension angle (p=0. 021). Furthermore, abdominal muscular taping significantly increased ankle inversion (p=0. 013) and eversion (p=0. 004) about 9 degrees. Also, abdominal muscular taping significantly decreased hip adduction angle by 2° (p=0. 011) and hip abduction angle by 1. 5° (p=0. 041). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that abdominal muscular taping can control the risk factors of PFPS by increasing subtalar inversion angle, decreasing knee abduction and hip adduction angles. These results indicate that the abdominal muscular taping along with other treatment interventions could be considered as an efficient nonsurgical treatment for patellofemoral pain syndrome.

Background & Purpose: Resistance training as an effective way to get different adaptations of exercise. In the most studies is taken into consideration the increase strength and muscle mass to follow this training method. Recently, it has been considered cardiovascular adaptations such as angiogenesis, increased blood flow to tissue and improve aerobic performance after resistance training. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the acute responses to endothelial growth factor-A in two types of resistance training with and without the blood flow restriction. Material and Methods: For this purpose, adolescent gymnast boys aged 10 to 14 years participated in a quasi-experimental research design. The subjects (mean weight 37. 11 ± 8. 11 kg, height 145. 16 ± 11. 58 cm, body mass index 17. 40 ± 1. 77 kg m) were randomly divided into three groups; control (n=12), traditional resistance training (n=12), and resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (n=12), respectively. Training protocol includes three motions included leg extension, elbow flexion and bench press. Blood samples were taken before and half an hour after training. Using T-dependent test to check the results of intergroup and One-Way ANOVA with LSD test was used for evaluating the results of between groups. Results: The results of inter-group showed that a variable VEGF after acute exercise in traditional resistance training groups (p=0. 001) and resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (p=0. 001), was significant. The results showed that in both of them protocol, there was no significant difference between groups in levels of VEGF, was not significantly different (p=0. 33). Conclusion: One session Resistance exercise with blood flow restriction compared to high intensity resistance exercise, a similar effect in increasing serum VEGF children athletes and for this reason, such as high intensity resistance exercise seems appropriate to provide Angiogenic adaptation of VEGF and improvement in aerobic performance.

Background & Purpose: Various types of exercise have different effects on inflammatory factors. The aim of this study was to survey the effect of a single bout of intensive intermittent exercise on some pro-inflammatory and anti-inflamatory markers in male soccer player. Methodology: Ninteen male soccer players (age 21. 6± 4/1 years, height 180/6± 6 cm and VO2max 62/1± 4/8 ml. kg-1. min-1) were selected randomly and divided into two groups of experimental and control. The experimental group participated in the Copenhagen football test and control group did regular training. Blood samples collected before, immediately and 24 hours after the test. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β , TNF-α and IL-10 were assayed using standard commercial ELISA kits. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA with repeated measure (pResults: Serum levels of IL-6 immediately after (p=0. 001) and 24 hours after (p=0. 003) and IL-10 immediately after (p=0. 021) and 24 hours after (p=0. 015) the test increased significantly in compare to the control group. TNF-α levels increased significantly immediately after the test (p=0. 001) but after 24 hours returns to the rest level (p=0. 101). IL-1β levels increased significantly immediately after the test (p=0. 001) and 24 hours later decreased lower than the rest levels (p=0. 041). Conclusion: The results showed levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines increased after one bout of high intensity intermittent exercise in football players, so to get the best recovery period for these players more research is needed.

Background & purpose: Different training methods can affect the athletes’ physical performance in different ways. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of general resistance training and ballistic resistance training on some of physical fitness factors in soccer players. Methodology: Twenty-five male football players from volunteered and divided into 2 groups of general resistance training (n=13) and ballistic resistance training (n=12). Training programs were 3 sessions for 6 weeks. Indicators of anaerobic power, explosive power of lower body, sprint (5 and 30 m), legs strength, agility, and explosive power of upper body and skill were measured before starting the training programs and 48 hours after the last session of the trainings. Data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk test, and independent and dependent T-tests (P≤ 0. 05). Results: The results showed that the ballistic resistance training, compared with general resistance training, significantly impproved the maximum power, minimum power, mean power, fatigue index, explosive power of lower body, agility, and explosive power of upper body indices. There was no significant difference in the leg strength, 5 and 30 m speeds, and skill between the groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion: To enhance the indices of physical fitness, specifically the explosive power of soccer players, the use of ballistic training program is more effective than the general resistance training; but they behave similarly in developing the leg strength, sprint (5 and 30 m), and skill.

Background&Purpose: Effects of phenotypic changes in adipose tissue due to exercise training are a new theory. However, the cellular– molecular mechanisms for these phenotypic changes are not yet clearly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sprint interval training on serum Meteorin-like hormone level in overweight adolescent boys. Material and Methods: Twenty overweight adolescent boys (aged: 18. 0± 1. 5 year, weight: 81. 8± 4. 3 kg, BMI: 27. 6± 0. 8 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in this study. Then, the subjects were randomly assigned into two groups (n=10). Subjects in training group performed six weeks’ sprint interval training program 3 days/week. Anthropometrics parameters and fasting serum lipid profile, insulin, glucose, and Meteorin-like hormone levels were measured at the baseline and at the end of study. Data analysis was performed with p values Results: The serum level of Meteorin-like hormone was significantly increased after six weeks’ sprint interval training. Conclusion: The results showed that sprint interval training can change circulating Meteorin-like hormone level and improve insulin resistance index and body composition in overweight adolescent boys.

Background and Purpose: The muscle imbalance caused by repeated overhead activities, affects the upper body posture and Over time, creates painful shoulder. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks corrective exercises on upper-crosssed syndrome in overhead athletes. Methodology: The method of research was semi-experimental. 33 athletes who had forward head and shoulder and hyperkyphosis at the same time were selected. Then, randomly divided to two control and experimental groups. Result: Ancova test showed, a significant difference in the angle of forward head and shoulder and kyphosis in two groups )F1, 30 = 23. 564, sig = 0. 000, Eta = 0. 440، F1, 30 = 117. 376, sig = 0. 000, Eta = 0. 796، F1, 30 = 59. 195, sig = 0. 000, Eta = 0. 664(. The results showed that forward head and shoulder and hyperkyphosis degree of experimental group were significantly decreasde after involving in the selected corrective exercise program. Conclusion: Based on these findings for correcting upper crossed syndrome in overhead athletes it seems that designe and implement of corrective exerciser should be on correcting three abnormalities such as forward head and shoulder and hyperkyphosis and implemented with athletes special exercises at the same time. This program would result in decreasing upper crossed syndrome in overhead athletes.

Background and Purpose: this study was conducted to assess and comparison of effects eight-weeks endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT) and garlic extract supplementation on High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein, Lipoprotein(a) and Homocysteine in male wistar rats with metabolic syndrome. Methodology: A total of 48 rats with metabolic syndrome (aged 12-wk, weight 331. 94± 13. 67g) were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 each: endurance training (ET), resistance training (RT), garlic extract supplementation (GE), endurance training with garlic extract supplementation (ET+GE), resistance training with garlic extract supplementation (RT+GE) and control (con). Exercise and dietary interventions for 8 weeks. After familiarization rats with metabolic syndrome, 8-weeks (3 session a week) in a exercise protocol (ET, RT) with and without GE (500 mg. kg-1. day-1). Results: The results showed that hs-CRP in all groups except Group resistance + garlic is lower than the control group significantly (P˂ 0. 05). Moreover, rang of The hs-CRP in the group of endurance training alone and enduance + garlic is lower than resistance+ garlic (P˂ 0. 05). As well as, range of homocysteine in group of endurance alone, endurance+garlic and resistance garlic is lower compared to control group (P˂ 0. 05). None of intervention was a significant effect on lipoprotein (a) compared to the control group (P>0. 05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study can be concluded that endurance training and resistance training with and without garlic extract can be effective in reducing inflammation and coronary artery disease. it would appear that the combination of garlic supplementation with endurance exercise is more helpful than the resistance exercise.

Background & Purpose: Regarding the widespread use of effective and safe training methods to improve physical and mental fitness in the elderly, resistance training with Theraband may be a safe and effective method for aged people. In addition, exercise training can affect the quality of sleep and inflammatory factors such as interleukin1 (IL-1β ) thereby improve the immune system and quality of sleep. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Theraband resistance training on IL-1β and sleep quality and the relationship between sleep quality and IL-1β in elderly women. Methodology: Nineteen healthy elderly women with average age of 77. 78 ± 8. 50 years were according study criteria selected and randomly assigned to either control ( n=9) and training ( n=10) groups. Training program consists of 8 weeks of resistance training with Theraband (for 45 minute whit 3 sessions per week). Blood samples were collected in fasting state from the venous vein. The level of IL-1β was measured by ELISA and sleep quality was measured by Pittsburgh questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test and Pearson correlation coefficient (P≤ 0. 05). Results: The serum level of IL-1β significantly decreased after of 8 week of training (P =0. 04) also, we observed the significant improvement in quality of sleep by Theraband (P = 0. 001). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, resistance training with Theraband seems to be effective in improving sleep quality and IL-1β , so can be used as an effective intervention method for improving sleep quality in elderly people.

Background and Purpose: Recently FIFA 11+ KIDS program introduced by FIFA for prevention of soccer injuries among adolescent players. But there is limited studies about the effect of this program on adolescent player’ s jump-landing biomechanics. Thus the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of FIFA 11+ Kids program on biomechanics of jump-landing of adolescent soccer players by LESS test. Methods: The subjects of this study were 72 players 9 to 16 years old. Players were divided in control and training groups. Training-group subjects participated in 10 weeks “ FIFA 11+ kids” twice a week for 10 weeks. Control group players followed a usual warm-up. Jump-land biomechanics evaluated by LESS test. Result: The result of independent T-test showed that the LESS score of intervention group players significantly lower than the control group. (p≤ 0. 05). Conclusion: The results showed that conducting 10 weeks +11 kids exercises could improve jump-landing mechanism and consequently reduce the risk of ACL injury. So, it`s recommended that this exercise program is used in order to preventing injury in the young children Football players.

Background & Purpose: There are serious questions about efficacy of (11+) warm up program on prevention of injuries in ankle and thigh. Also, there is a contradictory and limited information about (+11) program effectiveness on players` performance. The aim of this study was to investigate (+11) program effectiveness on speed dribbling, agility and injury prevention among young male football Players. Methodology: Couple of Iranian youth football teams of the third division league (2016-2017) were randomly divided into experimental (n=29) and control (n=30) groups and were observed during the season. To compare the injury rate between two groups, chi-square and exact fisher test and to compare players’ performance between two groups, dependent and independent T test was used. Results: There were no significant difference at 95% of confidence in agility (16. 91± 0. 54VS 16. 79± 0. 48) and speed dribbling (13. 88± 1. 37 VS 13. 46± 0. 95) tests between players of control and experimental groups. There were, also no difference in injury rate between two groups (p>0. 05). Conclusion: our research showed that (+11) warm up program is not effective on agility, speed dribbling and injury prevention among young male football players.

Background and Purpose: Unstable strength training programs are appropriate to improve strength, power and jumping ability. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of eight weeks of TRX instability resistance training with handball training on the levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-3 in adolescent girl's handball players. Methods: 19 handball players with the age range of 17-14 years old randomly assigned to two experimental (n = 9) and control (n = 10) groups. The TRX along with handball training group (n=9) and second experimental group (n=10) that only participated in handball training. TRX training protocol performed in two four-week separated macrocycles, three sessions per week (except handball training days). Macrocycle I include 9 and macrocycle II 11 drills that performed as 15 minutes of main exercise per session for each subject for in 8 weeks. The intensity of training was monitored by increasing the number of repletion, changing the subject slope from the ground and height of the band. Results: The results showed that IGF-I neither in TRX training group nor in between group's comparison have significant change. The IGFBP-3 levels showed significant decrease in both groups (TRX training group, P=0. 0120, handball training groups, P=0. 001). However, between groups comparison showed no significant difference in IGFBP-3. Conclusion: According to the results of this study eight weeks of TRX resistance training with handball training causes increasing IGFBP-3 proteolysis the bioavailability of IGF-I that can be influence on anabolic effects of the training method.

Background&Purpose: Physical inactivity is associated with dysregulation of intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) metabolism leading to the accumulation of fatty acid metabolites and insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic training and caloric restriction on intramuscular lipid metabolism, lipid profile and insulin resistance after 18 weeks high fat diet in male rat Methodology: Study sample were consisted of forty eight Wistar male rats with average weight; 194. 5± 12. 6 g. Blood and muscle samples were collected at, 18th and 28th weeks after an overnight fasting. After weight rats in first week, rats consume high-fat-diet. After 18 weeks High-fat-diet group randomly divided into control (C), calorie restriction (CR) and aerobic training (T) groups. Negative energy balance groups underwent an aerobic training (running) with intensity of 70 to 75% of VO2max, and %25 calorie restriction for 10 weeks. Adipose Triglyceride Lipase, Triacylglycerol (TAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) Levels in soleus, insulin and glucose levels and lipid profile were measured. HOMA-IR was also calculated. Results: The results of this study indicated that negative energy balance methods, decreased muscle DAG levels and serum concentrations of insulin, glucose, triacylglycerol and insulin resistance index in obese male rats (P≤ 0. 05). Serum triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels decreased only in T group (P≤ 0. 05). Conclusion: This study indicated that negative energy balance methods can actually decrease TAG and DAG levels even with simultaneous consumption of high-fat-diet which is largely congruent with improvement in insulin resistance.

Background & Purpose: Vasoreactivity range indices may provide important information about the manner in which blood flow is distributed within the body during times of increased metabolic stress. The aim of present study was to compare the brachial artery vasoreactivity range indices in elite athletes and non-athlete subjects. Methodology: Seven elite weightlifters, 7 elite rowers, and 8 untrained healthy subjects voluntarily participated in this study. High-resolution ultrasound was used to determine brachial artery diameters at rest following 5 minutes of forearm occlusion and during acute sympathetic stimulation. Vasodilatory responses were calculated from the peak change in artery diameter, and vasoconstrictor responses were determined from the nadir values in response to stimuli, respectively. Differences in measured variables among the groups were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). A p-value <0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Baseline, peak and nadir values brachial artery diameters were significantly greater in weightlifters and rowers than control group. Despite no significant difference was observed in FMD%, CPT% and Vascular operating range (VOR) weightlifters, rowers and non-athlete subjects (P < 0. 05). Conclusion: These results provide support the ‘ athlete paradox hypotheses’ and suggest that chronic power and endurance exercise training don’ t affect brachial artery vasoreactivity range indices and elite athletes possess functionally ‘ normal’ arteries. However, elite athletes possess larger conduit brachial artery diameter at rest and in response to vasodilator and vasoconstrictor stimuli than non-athlete subjects.

Background & Purpose: Citation and content analysis are one of the most common methods for evaluating scientific journals. The aim of this study was analyzing content and citation of journals of Applied Exercise Physiology, Sport Management and Motor behavior at the University of Mazandaran. Methodology: In order to analysis 379 Published articles in 12 issues at 1384 to 1395 in journals of university of Mazandaran. This study’ s instrument was a coded checklist that its content and face validity was confirmed by six experts in this field. Regard to the quantitative data and non-interference of personal opinions, the agreement coefficient between coder was skipped. For data analysis descriptive statistical (frequency and present in the form of tables and graphs) and SPSS were used. Results: Results showed that more of articles in the two journals were three authors (%43, %32/6) with academic rank of associate professors (%34/4, %27/1). Also, in total 11106 sources, the number of Persian and English citations in each article was in sports physiology (26/3, 60/60) and Sport Management and Motor behavior (18/10, 75/53). The minimum waiting time was 4 weeks and the highest was 24 and 28 months respectively. On the other hand, more than 94% of authors were physical education specialist, and 73. 6% of the articles published in the sports physiology was sport physiology and 60. 2% of the papers in the sports management was sports management. In addition, most studies were devoted to centers educational sports and on athletes and students and the lowest of studies have been in the field of Exercise in certain people. Conclusion: Regarding to results, it seems that interdisciplinary participation rate, reduction of waiting time, the level of cooperation and attention to the special stratum and women need a plan.

Background and Purpose: It has been suggested that resistance training (RT), especially when using high loads, increases central arterial stiffness. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-versus high-load RT on arterial stiffness in young healthy men. Methods: Participants (mean age 26. 4± 5. 2 yrs; mean height 1. 78± 0. 05 m; mean weight 79. 2± 6. 4 kg; mean body mass index 24. 9± 1. 5 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to a low-load RT where 25± 3 repetitions to lifting failure were performed per set of exercise (LLLF, n =14), a high-load RT where 10± 3 repetitions to lifting failure were performed per set of exercise (HLLF, n =13), or a control group who maintained their regular activity habits (Ctrl, n =13). Subjects in LLLF and HLLF groups performed RT three times a week for 10 weeks. Results: Central arterial stiffness significantly increased in HLLF group after training (P=0/007), but no such changes were observed in the LLLF (P=0/12) or the Ctrl (P=0/177) group. In addition, analyses of covariance revealed significant mean difference between HLLF and LLLF (P=0/001) groups and between HLLF and Ctrl (P=0/001) groups in central arterial stiffness. Conclusions: These results suggest that, unlike the HLLF training protocol, LLLF protocol does not unfavorably affect central arterial stiffness in young men.