Sport Physiology and Management Investigations
Year:2019 | Volume:11 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:13

The aim of this study was to evaluate the service quality of the Faculty of Physical Education of University of Tehran from higher education students’ perspectives. The statistical population consisted of 100 higher education students of Physical Education Faculty who were divided into two groups based on the difference in their level of expectations: those who had spent one course in this faculty or more courses in this faculty. Sampling was carried out by census sampling method and 90 questionnaires were returned. A researcher-made questionnaire was used which measured service quality in 3 dimensions: educational, research and administrative-student. In the educational sector, SERVQUAL model was used to measure service quality in the five dimensions: assurance, responsiveness, empathy, reliability and tangibles. Research quality services were measured in four dimensions including computer and internet, library, laboratory and research department. Results showed that all educational service quality dimensions were above the average and also were desirable in many cases. Based on SERVQUAL model, tangibles had the highest mean and responsiveness had lowest mean among the educational service quality dimensions. Also, in research service quality sector, all factors were higher than the average. In the administrative-student sector, some cases on service quality were lower than the average contrary to educational and research factors which requires more attention from managers and personnel.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two frequencies of equal volume aerobic exercises and detraining following these exercises on resistin and adiponectin levels, hemoglobin glycosylate, insulin resistance and body composition in obese women with type 2 diabetes. 36 obese women with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into three groups (each group, n=12): 1= LFT, 2= HFT, 3= control. Group LFT and HFT performed 8 weeks of aerobic exercises (LFT=3 sessions and HFT=6 sessions a week, with the same volume) with intensity of 60-75% of maximum heart rate. Blood samples, anthropometric and functional variables were measured at pretest, 48 hours later and two weeks after the last exercise session. Depended t test was used for within-group comparisons and ANCOVA test was used to investigate the differences among the groups. The within-group results showed that after 8 weeks of intervention, weight, body fat, BMI, adiponectin, glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in LFT group and resistin, insulin, insulin resistance and maximal oxygen consumption in both experimental groups significantly decreased (P<0. 05). Also, ANCOVA test results showed a significant difference among all studied groups in all research variables in the posttest (P<0. 05) and in the body fat, BMI, adiponectin and insulin resistance in the sustainability stage (P<0. 05). Regarding the results of this study, longer exercises can better control type 2 diabetes than repeated short-term physical training especially in obese people.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between cultural capitals and girls’ participation in sport. The research method of this study was descriptive correlation conducted as a field study and it was applied in terms of aims. The research population consisted of all girl’ s students of high school (N=1030) that 350 students through stratified random sampling method were selected. Measurement tool was a researcher made questionnaire which its face and content validity was investigated by 8 professors and experts of cultural and physical education scope. Also its structural validity was investigated and its reliability was estimated using Cronbach Alpha coefficient (0. 84). The data were analyzed in two levels: descriptive statistics (tables, mean and … ) and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov Simonov test and spearman rho correlation coefficient). The findings showed a positive significant relationship between cultural capitals and its three dimensions with girls’ participation. Therfore, by enhancing the cultural capitals of girls, girls’ participation in sport can increase.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high intensity interval training on gene expressions of MST1and MAFbx in EDL muscles of aged C57bl/6 mice. 28 C57bl/6 mice (14 aged and 14 adults) were assigned to two groups of training and control. After one week of familiarization, training groups participated in 4 weeks of high intensity training program. 48 hours after the last training session, the mice were sacrificed, their EDL muscles were extracted. Then, gene expressions of MST1and MAFbx were measured with Real Time PCR technique. The results showed that aging significantly increased gene expressions of MST1 and MAFbx (P=0. 001 and P=0. 028 respectively). On the other hand, 4 weeks of high intensity interval training significantly reduced MST1 gene expression (P≤ 0. 05) and insignificantly reduced MAFbx (P≥ 0. 05) in aged mice. Furthermore, decrease of these two genes in adult group was not significant. Also, a significant decrease was observed in EDL muscle weight in aged mice (P=0. 032) although high intensity interval training could slow down the atrophy in the aged. In addition, aging and training had an interactive effect (P=0. 001) but this interactive effect of these two factors was not observed on MAFbx (P=0. 185). Thus, aging is associated with an increase in MST1 and MAFbx gene expressions which could be possibly involved in muscle mass changes associated with aging. Since high intensity interval training decreases these gene expressions, it can be used to maintain muscle mass in the aged.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of store atmosphere on Customer's purchase intention of Sport Products. The research method of this study was descriptive correlation and it was applied in terms of the aims. The research population included of all customers of sport products. The Sample size determined 200 customers and research questionnaire was distributed between them purposefully. A researcher-made questionnaire was used which it’ s validity and reliability was confirmed. In order to statistical analysis, descriptive statistic and structural equation modeling was used in Amos. The results showed that all aspects of store atmosphere including; cleanliness, music, color, light, layout and temperature had significant effect on Customers purchase intention of Sport Products. It is recommended to Sport Products retailers; store atmosphere integrated with nature of Sport Products to influence the customers and enhance the purchase intention.

The AIDS or human immunodeficiency virus syndrome is a disease that occurs in immune system by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A large percentage of HIV patients suffer from motor-cognitive impairments such as dementia and motor deficit. One of the reasons of these patients’ cognitive problems is a decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). On the other hand, it has been shown that resistance training is an appropriate intervention to increase BDNF. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training on serum levels of BDNF in HIV patients. 18 HIV patients were randomly divided into two groups: control and resistance training (RT). RT group performed resistance training by elastic bands 3 sessions per week. In the first four weeks, there was only RT with elastic bands with the resistance of about 65% one-repetition maximum. The second four weeks included RT with elastic bands and the resistance equal to 75% one-repetition maximum and body weight exercises were added to the training program in the second four weeks. Blood sample were collected from subjects’ vein 24 hours before and 48 hours after the protocol. The serum levels of BDNF were evaluated using ELISA kit. Paired t test was used to determine the changes in the variables (P≤ 0. 05). The serum levels of BDNF significantly decreased in RT group (P=0. 01) after the training protocol (about 69%). According to these results, it seems that resistance training is not an appropriate intervention to increase BDNF and improve cognitive disorders in HIV patients.

The aim of this study was to design a model of the effect of advertisement on brand development in Persepolis club with an emphasis on the mediating role of brand personality. The current study was descriptive and correlation in terms of data collection and application in terms of aims which was conducted as a field study. The statistical population included the whole spectators of one of Persepolis football games who bought the tickets and attended the stadium. 350 spectators were selected by convenience sampling method. The required data were collected with a questionnaire. To designing the items of the questionnaire, studies on advertisement, brand personality and brand development were reviewed. After some consulting meetings were held, the items were checked by research group and the experts’ viewpoints were collected, the questionnaire was designed. Content and construct validity were used to measure the validity of the items. Content validity was determined and approved by a group of academic experts. Construct validity was conducted using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis so that KMO was more than 0. 80. Also, the reliability of items was approved by Cronbach’ s alpha coefficient. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results showed that advertisement had the impact factor (0. 51) on brand development and (0. 55) on brand personality. Also, the impact factor of brand personality on brand development was (0. 59). Finally, given the findings resulted from this model, managers and marketers of sport clubs are recommended to discover those factors influencing brand personality and to pay attention to advertising techniques for brand development.

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of 12 weeks of resistance training with high and moderate intensities on metabolic control in type 2 diabetic men. 32 men with type 2 diabetes (mean age of 47. 98± 1. 94 years) were randomly divided into three groups: moderate intensity (12 weeks of resistance training with 60-65% of one repetition maximum, 3 sets with 12 repetitions), high intensity (12 weeks of resistance training with 80-85% of one repetition maximum, 4 sets with 7 repetitions) and the control (no training). Blood samples were collected before and after the training program after 10 hours of overnight fasting. The ANOVA with repeated measures (within-group and between-group interactions) was used for data analysis. Insulin resistance, triglyceride and BMI did not change significantly. Glycated hemoglobin, LDL, HDL, body fat percent and muscular strength significantly improved in the experimental groups in comparison with the control group. FGF21 significantly increased in both experimental groups in the posttest and this increase was significant in comparison with the control group. Overall, it can be stated that resistance training, particularly resistance training with higher intensity, has a significant role in improving glycemic and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This study aimed at determining developmental strategies of fencing in Iran with SWOT analytical method. The method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population consisted of 60 fencing experts from province, country, international and global levels. A researcher-made questionnaire was used in this study. To quantitatively analyze the data and to have more accurate access to data, library and internet reviews were used and the questionnaire was designed in four areas to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats using the viewpoints of the strategic committee on SWOT by Delphi method. The questionnaire was confirmed by some fencing professors and experts. All statistical calculations were performed through SPSS software at 0. 05 level. The results showed that Fencing Federation should use defensive strategies and develop strategic plans such as the design and development of sport facilities appropriate for fencing with regard to the analytical, social and cultural requirements so that it can lower the weaknesses and avoid threats.

Inflammatory factors have a major role in developing different types of cancer and cancer related cachexia. In contrast, training can exert anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of continuous and interval training on levels of MCP-1 in serum and muscular tissue of female mice with breast cancer. 32 female balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, tumor control, continuous training + tumor and interval training + tumor. In order to induce breast tumor, MC4-L2 cell line was injected into mice. Moderate intensity continuous and interval training were conducted for four weeks and five sessions per week. 48 hours after the last training session, blood samples were collected and the gastrocnemius muscle was separated to determine the levels of MCP-1 by ELIZA method. Moreover, tumor volume was measured by digital caliper. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and one-way analysis of variance test and Tukey post hoc test. Results indicated significant decrease of serum MCP-1 levels in continuous and interval training groups and also significant decrease of MCP-1 in gastrocnemius muscle tissue of interval training group compared with tumor control group (P<0. 05). In addition, tumor volume indicated significant decrease in both training groups compared with tumor control group (P<0. 05), but continuous and interval training did not affect gastrocnemius muscle weight (P>0. 05). With regard to the present findings, the positive role of training in tumorous mice may be exerted partly by mediating inflammatory factors such as MCP-1.

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of perceived organizational support on job outcomes of Golestan province physical education teachers. Yavas and Babakus (2009) perceived organizational support and Karatepe (2012) job outcomes questionnaires were used. The statistical population consisted of 650 physical education teachers in Golestan province and 250 teachers were selected as the statistical sample. Structural equation modeling with LISERL 8. 8 were used to analyze data and identify the effects of variables. Result showed that the effect of perceived organizational support on job satisfaction (β =0. 46, t=6. 47) and job performance (β =0. 46, t=5. 97) was positive and significant in physical education teachers. Also, the effect of perceived organizational support on job burnout was negative and significant in these teachers (β =-0. 36, t=-4. 94). That is to say the more the organizational support of teachers, the less their job burnout will be. These findings suggest that managers of education offices should support physical education teachers as actors who have an important role in developing public health.

The aim of this study was to investigate different effects of short-term aerobic exercises in land and water environments on blood pressure controlling mechanisms. 30 healthy young men were selected as study subjects. Then, all subjects were randomly divided into study groups (control group: mean ± SD, age 26. 8 ± 1. 39 years, land aerobic exercise group: 25. 9 ± 1. 85 years and water aerobic exercise group: 26. 4 ± 1. 71 years). The intervention groups participated in aerobic exercises in land and water with an intensity of approximately 70% of heart rate reserve for 3 weeks with consecutive daily sessions. All parameters of heart rate variability, plasma electrolytes and blood pressure were measured in the pretest and after exercise intervention. In order to compare differences through research stages, one-way ANOVA was used. The results showed that aerobic exercise in land environment made a significant difference in the parameters of heart rate variability (P=0. 01) and insignificant difference in plasma electrolytes and blood pressure compared with the control group (P≥ 0. 05). But, aerobic exercise in water environment showed no significant difference in heart rate variability, plasma electrolytes and blood pressure (P≥ 0. 05). In general, it can be concluded that the aerobic exercise in land is likely to affect the blood pressure levels through the path of the nervous control. However, little control of blood pressure levels following aerobic exercise in water cannot be attributed to neural changes and plasma electrolytes, and there may be other influential factors in this regard that need further investigation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of entrepreneurial skills of managers on customer attraction in Tehran private sports clubs. This study was descriptive-survey and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and applied in terms of aims. In the qualitative section, the entrepreneurship skills components were achieved by content analysis and semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurship and physical education professors and club managers (15 subjects) using snowball method and then managers questionnaire was designed with 51 items. The population consisted of the sport clubs and 300 clubs were selected by stratified random sampling method. In each club, the manager responded to the managers questionnaire and the clients of the same club (average 25-35 subjects) responded to the American Customer Satisfaction Standard Questionnaire (ACSI) (N=6338). Structural equation modeling was used to examine validity, reliability and fitness of latent variables and to test research hypotheses with Amos software. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the validity, reliability and fitness of latent variables. The results showed that entrepreneurial skills (personal skills and business management skills) had a significant effect on customer attraction. Also, the pioneer variable had the highest effect and the variables of marketing, independence, planning, communication, decision making, center of internal control, commercialization, risk taking and innovation respectively occupied other places. The variables of creativity and success had no significant effects on customer attraction.