Research and Innovation in Food Science and Technology
Year:2014 | Volume:3 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

The purpose of this research is to study before treatment (initial frying and microwave) and after (getting oil) from deep frying oil filtering on the absorption of silver carp. Treatments: Treatment A or control treatment (deep frying samples (180oC for 5 to 7 min)), treatment B (deep frying+removes moisture level after frying), treatments C (pre frying (180oC for 3-2 min) +deep frying), treatment D (pre frying deep frying+catch oil after frying), treatment E ( pre cooking in the microwave (on high power for 1 minute 2450 MHz) +deep frying) and treatment F (pre cooking in the microwave+deep frying+get oil after frying). The ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids in samples that were fried Foundation (treatments C and D) increased. Basic cooking in the microwave before frying and removing surface oil after frying (treatment F) caused the greatest reduction in oil absorption. In the process of deep frying treatment, as the most striking change was the loss of moisture caused the protein, fat and ash to increase significantly in fried samples than raw the raw ones.

Response surface methodology is a series of statistical techniques that can be used to design experiment, modeling and evaluating the effect of variables on the final obtained results and optimization of process conditions. In this research, optimization of the solvent extraction method of bioactive compounds from seedless barberry (Berberis vulgaris) was carried out using response surface methodology. Central composite design was employed with 13 treatments and 5 replications in central points and the effect of variable factors of temperature (50-70oC) and extraction time (40-120 minutes). The amount of anthocyanin content, vitamin C, phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of extracted barberry were measured. Close agreement was found between experimental and predicted values of model. Effects of extraction temperature and time were found to be significant on all responses. According to these results, optimal extraction conditions were identified at 50oC temperature for120 minutes. In this condition the maximum of phenolic compounds, anthocyanin, antioxidant activities and vitamin C contents were 585.725 mg GAE/100ml, 208.392 mg/l, 84.2603% and 1292.56 ppm respectively. The results showed that this methodology could be applied in the extraction of bioactive compounds in the natural product industry.

The energy and exergy efficiencies for a double exposure solar cooker are determined. In order to observe the variation effects of a parabolic mirrors surface on energy and exergy efficiencies two identical systems were designed, constructed and tested under the same climatic conditions; the parabolic mirrors in one of the systems have been fully exposed to the sun and mirrors of the one were movable to see the variation effects on the energy and exergy efficiencies. The results show that using a double exposure solar cooker is recommended when high temperature is needed for cooking purpose. For other applications, such as food heating and pasteurization it is better that solar box-type cooker is employed. In such case, the system would be simpler, less costly and easier for transportation. This research is designed to develop a suitable double-exposure solar cooker performance and the tests were carried out in the Research Institute of Food Science and Technology, located at 36 latitude and 54 longitudes in Mashhad, Iran.

In this study, optimum conditions of anthocyanins (Acys) extraction from petals of saffron flower (Crocus sativus) were determined by acidified ethanol solvent. The independent factors were solvent to sample ratio (20- 80 ml/g), percent of ethanol (25 -75%), temperature (25-45oC) and extraction time (8-24h). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine optimum conditions of extraction of anthocyanins with the highest extraction rate of cyanindin-3-glucoside. The experiments were designed according to Box Behnken Design with four independent factors. Obtained coefficients of variance showed that the effect of temperature was more markedly than others (p<0.05). Optimum extraction conditions were a ratio of 20 ml solvent/g sample, ethanol percent 25.02 %, temperature 25.8oϹ and extraction time 24h. Under these optimum conditions, 1609 11mg/l Acys was produced. A quadratic reduced second-order regression equation described the effects of independent process variables on extraction Acys from Saffron flower.

In this research, optimization of extraction process of green tea extract to maximize extracted solid yield and minimize turbidity of the samples was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of two factors, extraction temperature in three levers 40, 70 and 100oC and extraction time in levers of 5, 62.5 and 120 minutes on extracted solid yield and turbidity were investigated by Central Composite Design (CCD). The result indicated that the optimum conditions for extraction of green tea extract, the extraction temperature 52.33ºC and extraction time 24.7 minute were determined. At optimum point, extracted solid yield and turbidity were reported 130.37 g.kg-1 and 84.62%, respectively. The result of sensory evaluation of different formulation showed that, drink formulated with sucralose (i.e. formulation F3) in between the other formulations has the highest score among the other formulations. Surveying the rheological properties of functional drink green tea indicated that, Arrhenius plot relationship was able to fit viscosity and density with high correlation with R2 equal 0.9975 and 0.9614, respectively.

Extraction of bioactive materials from herbal plants may be interesting due to the growing trend of using herbal remedies instead of chemical ones. The aim of present study is to optimize the conditions of Berberine extraction from roots of Berberis Vulgaris by supercritical CO2. The dependency of Berberine extraction yield on extraction parameters, time and pressure, was studied by Response surface Methodology. The effective factors on the extraction yield and adequacy of proposed model was investigated according to the experimental data and statistical analysis. The correlation coefficient (R2=92.71 %) showed that about 93% of all alternatives can be explained by this experimental model. Pressure has the most influence on yield of extracted berberine and the interaction term of Time –Pressure is statistically significant on the berberine yield. Using supercritical CO2 method with pressure in the range of 300-400 bars and the time in the range of 40-75 minutes would lead to the maximum of berberine extraction (more than 400 mg/gr). Finally, yield of berberine extraction by SFE has been compared with traditional method (Soxhlet) and the strengths and weaknesses of this novel method have been considered.

In this study, physicochemical and quality properties of longissimus thoracis (LT) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles of Iranian one-humped camel were determined and compared with each other. The mean pH of BF muscle (6.03) was greater than that of LT one (5.96) during 14 days of storage at 4oC (p<0.05). Also, ultimate pH of BF muscle (5.74) was higher than that of LT muscle (5.63). Lightness (L*) of LT was higher and a* of LT was lower than those of BF (p<0.05) and no significant difference was observed for b* between the two muscles (p>0.05).During 14 days of storage, L* and b* of the muscles increased and a* decreased. The value of expressed moisture (EM) and cooking loss (CL) of BF were significantly greater than those of LT. There was no significant difference in drip loss values of the muscles. During 14 days of storage, EM of both muscles decreased, CL increased up to 7 days and then decreased, and drip loss increased continuously. Warner-Blatzler shear force (WBSF) of BF was higher than that of LT and Myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) of LT was greater than that of BF. In both muscles WBSF decreased and MFI increased during 14 days. Sarcomer length of LT was superior to that of BF and the highest decrease in sarcomer length occurred in the first 24 h of postmortem.