SPORT MANAGEMENT REVIEW
Year:2012 | Volume:4 | Issue:13|Papers Count:16

This study aims at preparing the description of present statues of volleyball in Iran along with executive guidelines for continuous improvement. The data were collected through interviewing and using a questionnaire constructed by the researchers. The statistical population of this research includes thirty provinces in Iran. Sample size in the pilot study was 12 provinces. The research methods used were survey, content analysis, and case- study. The data analysis was done using SPSS 13. The chi-squar results showed that there are significant different in compared properties in soft support approach, at the sub factor of human resources especially active referees and coaches, financial resources and sponsorship, development of scientific and research and ICT, and development of standard and evaluation especially in educational halls and outdoor playground, legal environment, management and planning especially in intramural competition and cultural development (p<0.05). In all cases, %70 of the provinces was in a low level. Also, there was no significant difference between institutes and organizations. The results of the research showed that significant different on hard support that includes facilities, infrastructure and sport equipment especially under construction sport halls, land beach volleyball and the other sport halls (p<0.05). So, %80 of the provinces was at a low level; therefore, the present status of volleyball in the provinces was non homogenous both in soft and hard supports. It was also noticed that SWOT was obtained as a result of comparing (Bench-marking) the results of the study with the ideal status. The qualified guidelines of volleyball promotion are based on weak points, specialists' views, and taking advantage of opportunities and the criterion for increasing quantified guidelines has been the growth mean rate of athletics people during 3-5 and 10 years that prioritization has been done based on the experts' views.

The purpose of the study was to formulate strategies for Iran athletic sports. In order to obtaining this purpose descriptive and strategic method were used. In this study, first the existent status of athletic sports was studied. Also long-term and strategic plan of benchmark countries (England, Australia, South Africa and Canada) were studied. The results of this step created the pilot list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT). Consequently, the SWOT list was revised by Strategic Board. "SWOT Questionnaire" was formulated as the result of the revision. The questionnaires were sent to more elites (n=52). Binominal test was used for significant determination of items. The strategies for developing athletic sports were formulated using "TOWS Matrix Technique". These strategies were: institutionalization of specialism and qualified-leading in national federations and operational bodies of athletic sports, Enrichment of youth development programs in national federations, share Enhancement of women sports from national federations' resources, Formulation and implementation of comprehensive plan for athletic sports' scientific development, development a modern coaching system, Formulation and implementation of privatization in athletic sports, enrichment public and media relations of successful sports in order to developing their public image, Increasing broadcasting of non-football sports, Formulation and implementation of comprehensive plan for hiring and developing specialist human recourses in athletic sports, Enrichment a justly allocation system of resources ( financial, physical and human) among different sports, Formulation a system for standardization of sport facilities with emphasis on international criteria·, Development the effective interaction between national and regional sport organization with education system.

The present study was conducted to analyze The Knowledge Management and Communicational Skills of Managers of Physical Education Organization (Iran). The research community was the total population included 435 male and female employees of the Physical Education Organization in Iran. Statistical sample was gained through stratified random sampling. For this reason, 204 people took part in the research. This investigation is of a descriptive and correlation nature which was conducted as a survey study. For data collection, a researcher - made reliable and valid questionnaire (Communicational Skills of Managers (a= 0.87) &Knowledge Management (a= 0.83) was used with some changes some experts recommended. The findings of this study show significant relationship between extant and desired condition Communicational Skills of Managers (t=19.215, p= 0.05). In addition to, the results show that significant relationship between Communicational Skills factors (self-disclosure, empathy, supportivness, positiveness, self-regulation, social skaill, idealized influence and inspireation and intellectual stimulation) with knowledge management subscales (knowledge creation, knowledge transition). The results imply that in order to efficiently benefit from knowledge management, one should elevation manager level you're Communicational Skills.

Most sports are attractive because they are almost unpredictable. The more the competitiveness of league teams, the harder to predict the games and as a result, that league will be more attractive. Competitive balance refers to the balance in sport capabilities of teams. The aim of this paper was to compare the competitive balance in football premier leagues of Iran, England, Germany, Spain, France and Italy in 2009- 2010 season. The data were secondary and collected from the final tables of premier leagues of those countries in 2009- 2010 season. The five-club concentration ratio (C5) and C5 index of competitive balance (C5ICB) were used to analyze the data. The less C51CB and C5 are, the more competitive balance is, and conversly. The C51CB results showed that the leagues were ranked (ranging from most balance to least balance) as follows: Iran Pro League (129.60), Germany Bundesliga (135.37), French 1st League (138), Serie A, Italy (140), English Premier League (148) and Primera Liga, Spain (149.60). As a result, Iran premier league enjoyed the most balance and Primera Liga, Spain the least balance. It seems today football competition is more balanced in Iran. Traditional Tehran-oriented condition is being vanished and football is developing all over the Iran.

The purpose of this study assess management's commitment factors affecting its implementation strategies is the sports organization. Methods of survey research are descriptive and the statistical community Project Managers and heads of physical education Cup as the number of 59 persons and 31 professors was considered statistical sample. Questionnaire in two sections of individual structures and the main questions with 17 questions that management commitment dimensions (knowledge, experience, motivation, participation, belief and changes management) examined the use is. Valid questionnaires using Cronbach Alpha 0.92 respectively. Descriptive statistics of variables in the and test KS, Friedman and significant level was p≤.05. the test was observed from the viewpoint of managers change management component (p=0.001), participation (p=0.009), belief (p=0.014), experience (p=0.005), knowledge (p=0.010)and professors from the viewpoint of component change management (p=0.003), partnership (p=0.036), belief (p=0.002), experience (p=0.008), motivation (p=0.008), caused a significant commitment of managers is the implementation of organizational strategies. Also, the binomial distribution test component in the commitment of managers impact sports organization in the implementation strategy that observed from the viewpoint of managers (p=0.001) and also from the viewpoint of university professors (p=0.001) management commitment in implementing strategy sports organization is significantly effective. Finally, the Friedman test commitment to prioritize component managers in implementing strategy sports organization, from the viewpoint of managers; respectively Serial changes in management, participation of managers in the formulation stage of the plan, the experience of managers, knowledge managers, belief and motivation the highest to lowest factors were categorized. The perspective view of professors as managers of sport organizations, managerial changes affecting the first component of management commitment in implementing the strategy was known as the sports organization and then sequentially components believed to program content, management experience, motivation, participation and knowledge managers were.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Medias and spectators in attracting the private sector investment in championship sport. The type of this study was descriptive and survey and practical one. The Statistical population included of all large private companies' master managers (CEO, financial manager or sales manager) in Esfahan. The Statistical sample was determined equal with Statistical population. Content validity and reliability of the questioner were examined and reliability was 0/88. To data inferential analysis T test was used (p≤0.05). The Results show that, private companies' master managers identified the Medias and spectators role were very important to attracting the private section investment in championship sport. The role of the Medias was very importance with average 2.54, in attracting Private sector investment in champion sport. Also, the role of the Spectators was important with average 2.44, in attracting Private sector investment in championship sport. According to findings, supply the pleasing and safe environment for sport spectators by sport organization and sport heads, and variety of Media coverage are very effective in attracting the private sponsors.

The purpose of this study was to examine factors affecting spectator's attendance in Iranian soccer Premier league matches. 1500 spectators over 15 years old were randomly selected with proportional allocation. They completed the questionnaire which was made by the researcher. The result from structure equation modeling (SEM) indicated that economic factor (ticket price, parking cost, transportation and nutrition cost), Attractiveness factor (star players, playing attractive, support of team, team match results and result being unpredictable), planning factor (careful planning, game time and location, weekend game, weather condition and parking availability) have significant correlation with the attend desire of spectators (p<0.01). But incentive factor (entertainment, prizes and gifts, media and advertising) don't have significant correlation with a tendency to attend (p>0.01).

The purpose of this study is to propose suitable ways for sponsor's attraction to Iran professional football. The survey research design was used with a sample size of I 16 broken down to 18 club managers, 40 sports management experts, 40 marketing experts, and 18 sponsor managers. Investigator-made questionnaire was used for data collection, where its face and content validity was confirmed by sports management and marketing instructors and its reliability was estimated 0.84 through Cronbach's alpha method. The results of factor analysis of data indicated the following six factors as proposed ways for sponsor's attraction to Iran professional football: 1.Structural and managerial factor, 2.advel1ising opportunities, 3. encouraging decisions, 4.Providing situation for professionalizing, 5.mass media, and 6.Privatization of mass media.

An increasing competition between destinations is to develop the best strategies that explore the tourism potential of each destination the purpose of the study was to examine different factors influencing tourism loyalty in, Province of Eastern Azarbyjan sport events. Thus, 102 tourists to cluster and simple random questionnaire revised (Travis - 2008) was completed. The result structure equation modeling (SEM) on Lisrel (8.7) program indicated that factors influencing tourism loyalty of sport tourism & non- sport tourism identified. Variables influencing the loyalty of the sport tourists were trust and satisfaction indicators, image, and sporting Excellence, the excitement and Unique experience. And variables influencing the loyalty of the nonsport tourism are satisfaction and trust, safety, cultural differences and transportation. The results showed that sport tourists are Loyalty than nonsport tourists.

The purpose of this study was to present the scientific model for optimal site selection of sport places. Therefore, in two south regions of Isfahan (case study), for site selection used of Analytical Hierarchy Process and TOPSIS models from incessant and cessation spatial methods and information modeling was did in Arc /GIS software environment. the pertinent regions were categorized to five sorts by AHP model and four land pieces (A, B, C & D) for indoor pool (statistic sample) building were selected in the best class by scope observing and researchers' approach. Finally these lands were classified by TOPSIS Model that C entrance was selected the best entrance with the highest point. Selected land according to price, possession difficulty, and existent land use worth, geomorphic condition, compatibility, safety, accessibility, impartial distribution and population was in the better condition at comparison with others.

The main purpose of this research was to Study effective factors on viewpoints of sport federation's managers (SFM) about fairness budget allocations by Physical education organization (PEO) and to determine the most fair and which was most likely to be used in budget distribution. Statistical society of this research was included the 48 SFM (chairman, dean, women masters deputy) and that statistical sample was determined equal to statistical society (N= 144). In this research a questionnaire was formed based on past researches questionnaires with 26 questions and after confirming of its validity and reliability (a=0.79) distributed among research society. For data analysis, statistic procedures as Chi-Square and MANCOV A were used. The results of research shows significant effects of two variables as medal and budget and no significant effect of gender, job situations and number of spectators on SFM viewpoints. While the SFM declare their precedence's in budget allocation on chance of winning medals, believe in current budget allocation is on won medals in former matches. PE organization with considering the result of this research can promote the feelings of fairness among sport federations.

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the factors related to aggression among football spectators from super league referees' points of view. 131 (74%) of 177 referees participated in this study. For gathering of data a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The different variables and questions were recognized and were studied and confirmed by 3 university instructors and 16 judging experts and referees. For determining the important and basic factors of aggression in spectators, statistical method of "discovery factor analysis" was used. Before performing the factor analysis, in order to assure the sufficiency of the samples, Keizer, Major and Elkin (KMO) criterion was used. In order to determine the correlation between variables, the Bartlet test was used. KMO of this study was 769.7 on a 0.001 level of significance. After extraction of explanatory factors, eight factors with computing 54.56% variance became evident. The results concluded from the factor analysis of the data indicated that from the referees' point of views, following eight factors have basic roles in aggression among the spectators; facility management and services, media excitement and exaggeration, result-oriented exaggeration, location and time management of the competitions, behavior of team members, judging, referees' and coaches' behavior, and social sensitivity and background of competition.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial structure on organizational effectiveness in physical education organization of Islamic Republic of Iran. The statistical population of study was all expert staff of physical education organization that 194 of them were selected based on stratified random sampling. For collecting data, we used two entrepreneurial structure and organizational effectiveness questionnaires. To determine the status of entrepreneurial structure and its components and organizational effectiveness used the One-Sample T Test. To specify the similarity among the importance of the components of entrepreneurial structure used the Friedman Test. To assign the relationship between the study variables used the Pierson Correlation Coefficient and to determine the effect of entrepreneurial structure and its components on organizational effectiveness used the Linear Regression Test. The results indicated that the mean of entrepreneurial structure and its all components and organizational effectiveness is significantly lower than the intermediate level, the importance of entrepreneurial structure components from the viewpoint of the experts is not the same, there is significant relationship between the entrepreneurial structure and its all components with the organizational effectiveness, entrepreneurial structure affects significantly on organizational effectiveness, and five of six components of entrepreneurial structure affect significantly on organizational effectiveness and effect of one of them is not approved. On the basis of the findings of this study, designing an entrepreneurial structure in the organization of physical education can improve the effectiveness of this organization.

One of the challenges of the millennium attracts, keep and maintain the organization's talent. The main aim of this paper, the role of Social capital in improving talent management is in the physical education organization. This research is based on data collected through questionnaires and a sample of 180 employees from all departments of Physical Education provinces (Khorasan Razavi, South Khorasan and Tehran) is. The research is descriptive of the kind of correlation. Data analysis methods for structural equations and the mean test are used. Overall, results showed the relationship between social capital and management talent in the Physical education organization, there are significant and improve social capital will improve the level of talent management.

The main purpose of this study was the path analysis relationships of the attachment styles and perception of organizational justice with the organizational citizenship behavior among the employees of Isfahan's physical education central office in 1389. This study was correlation descriptive. Participants of the study consisted of 191 employees selected randomly from physical education central office of Isfahan and finaly 178 respond. The survey instrument were three questionnaires (organizational justice, organizational citizenship behavior, attachment styles) that their construct validity were confirmed by using confirmatory factor analysis and their reliability were confirmed through Cronbach Alpha (0.92, 0. 86, 0.82). Results indicate that there is a significant positive correlation (p≤%5) between secure attachment style and organizational citizenship behavior, dimensions of organizational justice. The results of hierarchical Regression analysis showed that justice interactional and distributive justice moderated the relationship between low avoidance and organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, the structural equation model supported direct effect of attachment sty les on the perception of organ izational justice. A Iso, it showed that anxious attachment had a direct effect on the organizational citizenship attachment and perception of organizational justice had an indirect effect on the organizational citizensghip behavior. In general, the results of the study proved that attachment styles had an effective role in forming the people's desires to the organizational citizenship behavior. In addition to, the perception of distributive and procedural justice played an effective in the people with having low avoidant attachment to in the way of desiring organizational citizenship behavior.

The purpose of this study, identifying internal and external situation analysis sport in the province of hamedan by the year 1388. In this study, research methods used are both quantitative methods and qualitative methods of interviews and meetings focused on FOG: (Focus Discussion Group). Total Statistical population including 67 Person that were due to the limited as they were intended. The questionnaire is a consisting of two instrument, The Delphi method was designed and set up a formal credit was approved by experts in physical education Its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (82/.r =) was calculated and determined, which was distributed in two stages. In addition to descriptive statistics to analyze data from the SWOT analysis method was used. The findings showed; sport of the hamedan province in internal and external factors, have more strengths and opportunities. That can help in situations with strategies intended to exploit weaknesses opportunities and threats in order to reduce pay. Recommended sport of the hamedan province in good capacity in the province, with its special geographical position, trying to attract foreign investment and private sector to compensate for deficiencies in sports and physical education should go forward.