Karafan
Year:2024 | Volume:21 | Issue:2|Papers Count:28

The current research aimed to study the concept, dimensions and examples of research productivity in Iran's higher education system from the perspective of university professors. The research used a qualitative strategy and was carried out with the phenomenological method. The participants of the research included 21 professors with the scientific rank of associate professor and professor with the most scientific references in the universities of Kurdistan, Razi Kermanshah, Ilam, and Buali Sina Hamedan, purposefully selected and data collection continued until reaching theoretical saturation. Data was collected using the semi-structured interview tool. Using the alignment method, the validity of the data was confirmed. The thematic analysis method was employed using MAXQDA qualitative analysis software to analyse the data. The results of the research showed that research productivity included four themes: the responsiveness of the research (modernity, reference and comprehensiveness of expertise), the originality of the research problem (scientific, professional and applied originality), the pioneering aspect of the research (increasing the knowledge capital), and scientific understanding and transparency are the nature and scope of research. The dimensions and components of research productivity were also identified in three main dimensions: technical, content and communication. The technical dimension included internal consistency, citation validity, reliability and validity of the tool. The content dimension showed the nature and existence of the research undertaken with the appropriate method. The functional dimension indicated the results obtained by undertaking research and scientific work

The Since future studies provide a structured opportunity to look into the future and examine the role of effective factors in the formation of the future, it is possible to create a favourable perspective for policymakers and decision-makers of the educational system in the direction of development. Therefore, the current research examined the context of Horizon 1405 with the aim of future research in the educational management of Technical and Vocational University and statistics of dimensions and patterns. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part included all experts in the field of educational management, higher education, future researchers and heads of technical and vocational schools and colleges, which reached theoretical saturation by conducting 18 sample interviews. The quantitative part of this research included 918 participants, of which 271 participants were selected as a sample from the professors and staff of the 2nd Technical and Vocational University. In terms of data, the research method was mixed exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) and in terms of the type of study, thematic network analysis and cross-sectional survey were conducted. To collect data, an in-depth semi-structured interview tool and a researcher-made questionnaire with 105 measures were used. In the analysis of the research data, strong scenarios were extracted from the confirmatory factor analysis and impact analysis matrix using PLS (2023) and Mic-Mac software. The findings indicated that the organizational themes counted in three conceptual levels of content, structure and context arranged on the structure of the university including indicators such as "innovation and creativity", "adherence to the principle of merit", "advertisements and competitiveness", "private sector participation", "technological progress" and "community support" had the most direct impact to achieve the future research of educational management in the technical and vocational university.

The purpose of this research was to formulate a model for the development of managers of the distance higher education system of Payam Noor University. As a descriptive study, a qualitative method based on Grounded Theory was applied. Participants included 11 managers who were distance education experts and managers of different departments of Payam Noor University. A semi-structured interview was conducted. After conducting the interview, the content analysis was carried out simultaneously. For the adequacy of the interview, after reaching theoretical saturation, the textual validation and review of the interviews were conducted by referring again to the participant experts' viewpoints. Coding and extracting the main and secondary categories and explaining and compiling the conceptual model were then carried out. To ensure validity and reliability, two methods of reviewing participants and reviewing non-participating experts were used in the research. The results indicated the social phenomenon of the current study of the model for the development of managers in the distance higher education system. 6 main dimensions, 18 sub-categories and 46 components were extracted, formulated and presented from the text of the interviews. Based on this, it is recommended that the managers of the national distance education system should take action to solve the causes and implement the strategies calculated from this model to achieve the desired results for managers in this higher education sub-system.

A strong link between education and research can result in better student learning and consequently, higher education growth and development. In this paper, we aimed to develop a communication-building curriculum for Iran's higher education. A qualitative and data-driven research design was used for this study. An extensive sample of experts and specialists in curriculum planning was selected based on the principles of theoretical saturation for Shahid Beheshti, Allameh Tabatabai, Amir Kabir, and Al Zahra Universities, using the purposeful sampling method to choose 13 as a sample. To collect data, a semi-structured interview was conducted. In order to analyze the collected data, Glazer's approach and continuous comparisons were employed, followed by open, selective, and theoretical coding. As per the results of the research, the final framework of the research emerged, comprising 13 main categories, 29 subcategories, and 96 concepts based on the central category of "education and research link". Findings indicated that the communicative curriculum framework includes elements, effective factors, and consequences, and each comprising several categories. The results of the research showed that the relationship between education and research in the communication curriculum based on the proposed framework will lead to the growth of educational and research activists, the development and dynamism of universities, the applicability of the curriculum, the development of the country in various dimensions and the expansion of knowledge horizons.

According to the internationalization policies of universities, the issue of recruitment, admission and retention of international students is important. Therefore, studying and analyzing the satisfaction of this group of students is one of the important issues of research. The aim of this study was to analyze the satisfaction of international students. The statistical population of the study included 5084 international students in Iranian public universities, of which 500 students were selected using the random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. After confirming the validity and reliability of the questionnaire and collecting data, the data was analyzed using SPSS software version 22 in two descriptive and inferential sections. The findings revealed students' satisfaction levels with the teaching-learning, infrastructure and facilities, and supportive environment dimensions were average. In addition, students reported a high level of satisfaction with the interaction dimension. The results of the comparative tests showed that the two groups of students (those with scholarships and those who paid tuition) had significantly different levels of satisfaction in terms of interactions and infrastructure and facilities. In addition, there was a significant difference between the satisfaction of students with different educational levels in teaching-learning and supportive environment dimensions. The findings of this research can be a valuable opportunity for Iranian universities to review and rethink to increase international student recruitment and admission.

This article aims to present a theory of foundation data regarding the role of counseling and psychological services in empowering women in universities in a systematic way. Therefore, the data was collected from a semi-structured interview with 22 people selected in a purposeful and criterion manner from among the members of the university community during six months at Kurdistan University in Sanandaj city. The data were analyzed using a new method and continuous comparative analysis through three-step theoretical coding. In this research, it was first revealed that empowerment is a process, not a product, and if all the people involved in the empowerment process at the university do not have a correct understanding of the requirements and methods of women's empowerment, counseling, and psychological service programs cannot be effective and ultimately, it is probably the women themselves who determine the success of these efforts. As much as empowerment is important in the university, it is also important to create a positive organizational atmosphere and a supportive culture of empowerment in which empowerment originates spontaneously from female students, employees, and managers. Second, the establishment of empowerment strengthens the turn towards the independence of universities and the perception of higher education centers as unique entities with a specific culture. Thirdly, the importance of context and situation in the implementation of empowerment and the necessity of avoiding patterns unrelated to cultural contexts were emphasized, and finally, university administrators should be personally committed to empowering women.

This study aimed to investigate the development of an entrepreneurship ecosystem in universities and higher education centers using a quantitative approach based on the purpose of developmental-applied research. In this study, 17 entrepreneurship professors across the country were interviewed. Participants were selected based on the purposeful method of criteria, and those who had at least 10 years of experience in this field. To analyze the responses of the participants, thematic analysis was used with the help of MAXQDA software. First, the data from the interviews were coded and themes extracted. In this study, 45 codes and 8 categories (dimensional) were identified as factors for the development of the academic entrepreneurship ecosystem, which included support, financial resources, education and cooperation, improvement of research and development, social interactions, laws and regulations, youthfulness and attention to specialties and development, and infrastructure. In general, to develop the biodiversity of academic entrepreneurship, special attention should be paid to the dimensions of support, financial resources, education and cooperation, improvement of research and development, social interactions, laws and regulations, youthfulness and attention to specialties and development, and infrastructure.

The foundation of sustainable development following the growth of human capital has made it necessary to encourage students to become entrepreneurs. Identifying the duties and assignments of the faculty members in the field of entrepreneurship is an important step in improving the entrepreneurial motivation of students. In this research, by conducting a semi-structured interview with 15 faculty members who were selected by snowball and purposeful sampling, the duties and assignments of faculty members on students' entrepreneurial intention were fully identified. After categorizing and coding the extracted evidence, five duties including "cultural, educational and social" with 4 assignments, "educational" with 4 assignments, "research" with 5 assignments, "executive" with 5 assignments and "personal development" with 3 assignments were determined for faculty members. To confirm the findings, a questionnaire with 21 items and a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.817 was prepared and completed by 265 faculty members, who were selected by random method and Morgan's Table. Based on the points provided and using the Friedman test, the identified duties and assignments were ranked based on their importance. According to the results, the task of "personal development" was assigned the first priority and the task of "cultural, educational and social" was assigned the fifth priority. The validity of the extracted model was confirmed by a confirmatory factor analysis test using LISREL8.8 software. The results of the research showed that the model had a good fit and there was a significant relationship between the latent and observed variables.

The spread of e-learning in Iranian universities and higher education institutions over the past years has provided new opportunities for Iranian higher education. One such opportunity is the possibility of extensive interactions between students and universities through e-learning systems and value co-creation opportunities. This study attempts to investigate the relationship between a university's e-learning system, students' co-creation behavior and university's brand image and reputation. For this purpose, the questionnaire tool and the structural equation modeling approach were deployed to study these relationships at Arak University. The questionnaire of this research was developed based on the literature review and after conducting the pre-test and confirming the validity and reliability of the instrument, it was investigated at Arak University. For this purpose, 380 sample questionnaires were collected. The data was analyzed using Smart PLS 3.3 software. The results indicated that the e-learning system features and its applications affect the students' value co-creation behavior. The results also confirmed the effect of students' co-creation behavior on the university's brand image and reputation. In addition, the results revealed that investing in university e-learning and other communication systems and improving their performance and characteristics, can improve the level of students' interactions with the university. These increasing interactions will also lead to the development of the university brand image through the value co-creation behavior and, as a result, in the long term, promote the university ranking level.

In today's era, the role and importance of technical and professional universities in guiding careers and managing societies and making fundamental changes in line with the scientific and cultural development of the country seems more and more necessary, and therefore, in order to face the challenges of society, universities Technical and professional schools need to develop an educational approach based on entrepreneurship and create empowerment to respond to the needs of students and revise the education processes in order to prepare students in line with the demands and economic and social changes.This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of empowerment of entrepreneurial university on the perception of technical and vocational university students. The study method is descriptive-correlation based on the structural equation model and its statistical population was managers and employees of Hormozgan Technical and Vocational University and the sample size was 235 people. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was designed according to the statement of the problem and previous studies, whose validity and reliability were confirmed with the help of confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis in this study was done with Lisrel software.The findings of this research showed that the process of empowering the entrepreneurial university was effective on students' perception of the university's facilities. Also, in this process, identifying and attracting expert students and paying attention to the quality of innovative functions have also been effective.

This study aimed to draw a structural model of the influence of the impact of entrepreneurial thinking and positive organizational behaviour on collective efficacy with the mediating role of willingness to cooperate among the employees of the Technical and Vocational University in West Azerbaijan Province. This research was an applied and descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of the study included 156 employees of the Technical and Vocational University in West Azerbaijan Province. Of the statistical sample, 111 were selected as the sample based on Cochran's formula and classified randomly. Data was collected through a questionnaire and tested using structural equation modelling and SPSS26 and Smart PLS3 software to evaluate the model. The results of the study showed that entrepreneurial thinking and positive organizational behaviour have a direct and indirect effect on collective efficacy by mediating willingness to cooperate. The presence of entrepreneurial thinking and positive organizational behaviour among employees of the Technical and Vocational University in West Azerbaijan Province can play a determining role in enhancing collective efficacy and employees' willingness to cooperate and provide practical information to managers.

So far, much research has been conducted on identifying obstacles to academic entrepreneurship. These studies have shown that academic entrepreneurship in Iran has largely failed because the failure to achieve the ideals and goals of academic entrepreneurship has become a widespread phenomenon. Therefore, the present research aimed to analyze the social roots of the failure of academic entrepreneurship by emphasizing Forum's approach to identifying the social roots of social phenomena. For this purpose, a qualitative approach and Grounded Theory method, a type of Emergent design, were used, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 experts in the field of entrepreneurship in the country. The purposive sampling method was used, relying on the theoretical saturation of the data. In addition, thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that the oligarchic system of entrepreneurship in Iran is the social root of the failure of academic entrepreneurship, which itself creates economic, political, legal, and cultural barriers. The oligarchic system of entrepreneurship makes impossible the creative destruction that is necessary for the success of academic entrepreneurship.

The spread of e-learning in Iranian universities and higher education institutions over the past years has provided new opportunities for Iranian higher education. One such opportunity is the possibility of extensive interactions between students and universities through e-learning systems and value co-creation opportunities. This study attempts to investigate the relationship between a university's e-learning system, students' co-creation behavior and university's brand image and reputation. For this purpose, the questionnaire tool and the structural equation modeling approach were deployed to study these relationships at Arak University. The questionnaire of this research was developed based on the literature review and after conducting the pre-test and confirming the validity and reliability of the instrument, it was investigated at Arak University. For this purpose, 380 sample questionnaires were collected. The data was analyzed using Smart PLS 3.3 software. The results indicated that the e-learning system features and its applications affect the students' value co-creation behavior. The results also confirmed the effect of students' co-creation behavior on the university's brand image and reputation. In addition, the results revealed that investing in university e-learning and other communication systems and improving their performance and characteristics, can improve the level of students' interactions with the university. These increasing interactions will also lead to the development of the university brand image through the value co-creation behavior and, as a result, in the long term, promote the university ranking level.

This research discovered the factors affecting entrepreneurial students' education. Qualitative research and its method were meta-composite. Based on this, English and Farsi databases including Springer, Wiley Online, Taylor and Francis, and Google Scholar databases were searched. 152 related articles were selected between 2000 and 2023. By analyzing the final articles, first, 51 basic themes were extracted from the total of scientific articles and in the form of 4 organizing themes: student entrepreneurship knowledge and awareness, student entrepreneurship experience, student entrepreneurial attitude and effective environmental facilitators, and factors influencing the development of entrepreneurial students with a vision. To measure the validity of the data, the criteria of credibility and reliability were used using the methods of alignment and self-review of the researcher during the process of data collection and analysis, and the correspondence of interviews and theoretical and research bases. In addition, the reliability criterion was applied to measure the obtained reliability. Conducting this research can help universities identify the factors affecting the development of entrepreneurial students with a perspective of sustainable creation. It can also help them identify weaknesses and inadequacies in this regard. In addition, universities can provide educational activities that lead to the emergence of creative thinking and innovation and improve the performance of universities. University professors, by being aware of the factors affecting the development of entrepreneurial students with a sustainable perspective, can make positive changes in their knowledge, teaching methods and application.

The entrepreneurial mindset is known as the intellectual process of recognizing and exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities under conditions of uncertainty. In research conducted in the field of the entrepreneurial mindset, greater attention has been paid to identifying the factors that are influential in implementing or fostering this certain way of thinking, and less research has been conducted on understanding how the mental layers of this particular type of thinking are formed, particularly based on self. The research aimed to present a layered framework for cultivating an entrepreneurial mindset among students in various engineering fields. Documentary and meta-synthesis methods were used in this applied study. To analyze the information extracted from the available resources, the seven-step method of Sandelowski and Barroso was applied. 36 sources were selected to conduct this research using a meta-synthesis method, and finally, 46 codes, 12 concepts, and 4 categories were extracted. After going through the steps of the investigation, a layered framework of implementing and fostering an entrepreneurial mindset was presented in four layers: entrepreneurial self-exploration, entrepreneurial self-awareness, entrepreneurial self-improvement, and entrepreneurial self-actualization. According to the results of this study, all these layers are related and reinforce each other. However, the requirement to successfully form each layer is to create a part of the previous layer in the audience's mind.

The rapid growth of higher education and universities in today’s competitive markets have led to the special importance of a university brand for its stakeholders. In this research, different dimensions of brand equity were investigated for the Faculty of Engineering at three different public universities in Yazd Province. A questionnaire was developed using previous research and the current paper conceptual framework. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed by expert opinions and Cronbach’s alpha test. First, the normality of data was checked and confirmed using SPSS software. Then, the factors of brand equity model in the conceptual model were tested, compared and ranked using the ANOVA test. Based on the results, in terms of brand equity, the three Yazd Province public universities were ranked in the order mentioned: (1) Yazd University, (2) Ardakan University and (3) Meybod University. This research could lead to university managers to have a better understanding of their organization’s brand equity from the students’ point of view. Therefore, better plans can be made to promote the university brand. Business and marketing managers can also use the model and method used in this paper to determine and improve their organization’s brand equity from the customers’ and other stakeholders’ points of view.

Electronics engineering is a rapidly growing career group. Considering the Iranian 2022 slogan of the year, which was named by the Supreme Leader as knowledge-based and job-creating production, and the need to move in the direction of this slogan, this article examines new issues in the field of electronics in both associate and bachelor degrees with the approach of content coverage of topics based on knowledge-based and job-creating production. To make a more detailed investigation, a survey was also conducted among the students and professors of the electronics department of Qom Technical and Vocational University. The survey questions were checked for validity with the relative coefficient of content validity and content validity index, and for reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results of the surveys showed that to achieve production based on knowledge and job creation and its promotion, the headings should be modified and some courses should be deleted and courses related to the labor market should be added.

The aim of this study was to validate the tools for measuring factors affecting the professional development of faculty members. In this research, which is a descriptive survey, the opinions of 30 professionals in the field of professional development were examined in three stages. The tool used to conduct the research was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were reviewed and confirmed. The data analysis method used was a three-step Delphi technique. The findings of the implementation of the three stages of the Delphi technique showed that the tool for measuring factors affecting the professional development of faculty members consisted of five factors: 1) organizational factor, 2) process factor, 3) managerial-supportive factor, 4) factor Individual, and 5) social factor in the form of 60 items which were validated and approved. It appears that by using the tools to assess the factors affecting the professional development of faculty members, including the 5 factors validated in this study, it is possible to evaluate the impact of each factor and identify and promote the factors that had the greatest impact on professional development.

This research was conducted with the aim of studying the narratives of secondary school principals about professional ethics in school management. The research approach was interpretative and qualitative, which was carried out with the strategy of narrative writing and the sub-strategy of pre-narrative. The research field of Iraq and the potential participants were all principals of secondary schools in the city of Karbala, 15 of whom were selected purposefully (heterogeneous) and invited to participate using an in-depth and narrative interview protocols. The obtained data were analyzed using the theme network method. The results showed that four meta-narratives under the headings (virtue-centered, religion-centered, organization-centered, and people-centered) of professional ethics in school management could be counted. Despite the variety of meta-narratives, attention to professional ethics had had an effect on professional life and personal-professional life, and on managers' relationships with others fostering commitment, good relationships and excellence. In addition, they emphasized the strategies of legalism, participation and increasing productivity, which had had educational, organizational, social and even individual consequences in their management of the school.

This research aimed to develop a model for a learning school in Iran that can effectively respond to unpredictable environmental changes. The study employed a systematic literature review, foundational data theory, and MAXQDA10 software to identify the components and dimensions of a learning school in Iran. The research focused on the field of learning organizations and higher education documents in Iran from 2005 to 2022. Initially, a search was conducted in the Islamic World Science Database (ISC) resulting in 146 articles, out of which 10 articles were selected as the final research sources after various screening processes. Through analysis and coding stages, the researchers identified 318 primary codes, 105 secondary codes, 10 themes, and 3 significant dimensions. The learning school model included three key dimensions: the structure of the learning organization (professional leadership, learning environment, learning processes), learning organization technologies (knowledge management technology, learning technologies), and learning organization skills (personal capabilities, mental models, shared vision, team learning, and systemic thinking). To validate the coding process, the researchers utilized the two-coder agreement method, measuring the kappa coefficient, which yielded a value of 0.68. Additionally, expert opinions confirmed the validity of the coding and the level of influence of the criteria on each other in the model. In conclusion, this research successfully developed a model for a learning school in Iran, emphasizing the importance of an adaptable structure, effective use of learning technologies, and the cultivation of necessary skills. The findings provide valuable insights for schools in Iran to respond innovatively and promptly to environmental changes.

Constructive deviance, organizational justice, and innovative climate are three important subjects in every institution, and paying attention to them provides guidelines for managers to create grounds for applying constructive deviance and promoting and encouraging justice and innovation in organizations, leading to the achievement of the organization's goals. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between organizational justice and constructive deviance with the mediating role of innovative atmosphere among the employees of the General Directorate of Education in Isfahan. This research was applied in terms of its purpose, and used a descriptive – correlational type of research method. The statistical population included all staff members of Isfahan Department of Education in the academic year 2020-2021 (213 people). Using the Krejcie and Morgan Table, 133 staff were selected from this population as a statistical sample through simple random sampling. To collect data, standard questionnaires of organizational justice, constructive deviance and innovative climate were used. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS-26 and SmartPLS-3 software. The results showed that at the confidence level of 95%, the effect of the mediating variable of innovative climate was significant in the relationship between organizational justice and constructive deviance, and organizational justice had an indirect and significant effect equal to 0.375 on constructive deviance. It was also proved that there was a significant relationship between types of organizational justice with constructive deviance and innovative climate. Therefore, by establishing justice and creating an atmosphere that supports innovation, managers can provide the basis for constructive deviant behaviors in the organization.

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the key drivers of active sports tourism development in Iran using future studies. The type of research was applied and analytical-exploratory in nature. The assistance of 25 experts was used to extract the variables and 16 experts helped in the cross-analysis. To analyze the data, the combined panel methods of Mikomek cross-effects were used. The findings showed that the six factors of diversity in sports tours, sanctions imposed on Iran, travel facilitation, Iran's security in the region compared to neighboring countries, use of electronic and internet tools, and international sporting events had the greatest impact, indicating the great importance and high uncertainty of these factors in the future of active sports tourism in Iran. The country's sports managers are recommended to use the key drivers of active sports tourism development in order to develop the country's sports tourism in general.

The sports tourism has had a positive impact on the economy of countries, and this has caused this part of the tourism industry to be noticed. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of sports tourism on the sports economy of Gilan Province with the mediating role of security. The statistical population of this research included professors of sports management, experts of the tourism department of the Tourism and Cultural Heritage Organization, physical training experts of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Gilan Province, and experts of the tourism department of travel agencies, as well as the heads of active sports teams of Gilan Province, totaling 217 people. The samples related to this research were identified through purposeful and complete sampling (community equal to the sample). To collect data, the economic effect of tourism questionnaire by Javid et al. (2014) and the researcher-made questionnaire of security derived from the questionnaire of Movidfar et al. were used. Structural equation modeling and "SmartPLS.3" software were used to analyze the research data. The results showed that sports tourism has a direct impact on the economy while visiting sports tourism has a direct impact on security. In addition, security has a direct impact on economic effects. As a result, a region is introduced as a safe destination for tourism, which improves the economic conditions of the society.

The current research developed a model of the effect of body image concern on eating disorders and their impact on sport participation of male and female students. The current study aimed at presenting functional and descriptive-correlational research which was conducted in the field. The statistical population of the research consisted of male and female students of East Azarbaijan Technical Vocational University, totalling 8756 students. According to the number of questions in the questionnaire and the law of structural equations (5 times the number of questions), 670 people were selected through simple random sampling. The research toolss consisted of three questionnaires, Body Image Concern Questionnaire (BICI) of Littleton et al. (2005), the Eating Disorders of Garner et al. (1982) and the Sporting Participation Questionnaire (Hesabi et al., 2007). The face and content validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by professors and experts, and their reliability in a pilot study was estimated to be 0.92, 0.75, and 0.76, respectively. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the research hypotheses, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was further utilized to determine the relationship between the variables in the form of a causal model with the help of AMOS software. The results showed that body image concerns and eating disorders have a negative and explicit effect on sports participation. In addition, the impact of body image concern on eating disorders (β = -0.139) is negative and direct. The current designed model can be a guide for the officials in the university and relevant bodies in improving the mental and physical health of middle school students.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in Yutab factory and its relationship with posture at work, work experience and body mass index. 60 workers of Yutab factory participated in the research based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Musculoskeletal disorders were analyzed by the Nordic Questionnaire, work experience was analyzed by a questionnaire and work-related posture was analyzed by the REBA test. Workers' body mass index was also obtained by scale and height gauges using the formula (weight (kg)/ (height (m)) 2). Descriptive tests were used to investigate the prevalence of disorders and Spearman’s test was used to investigate the relationship between the variables at a significance level of 0.95. The results of the descriptive test showed that in the last 12 months, lumbar region with 55%, wrist with 48% and upper back with 45% had the highest prevalence of disorders; in the last week, the wrist region with 45.6% and upper back with 40.4% had the highest prevalence of disorders while in the present, the neck area with 39.7% and the waist and neck areas with 37.3% each had the highest prevalence of disorders. In addition, the results of the Spearman correlation test demonstrated a significant relationship between all variables of posture at work (REBA test), work experience and body mass index with the most common skeletal disorders (P = 0.001 in all variables). Based on the results, it can be concluded that corrective measures, sports exercises, ergonomic interventions, and rest periods during work should be applied as often as possible to improve the musculoskeletal disorders of the Yutab factory workers.

Today, using insurance technologies and designing knowledge-based products and tools to increase value and improve businesses can be considered a competitive advantage for insurance companies. Considering the importance and role of these technologies in the growth and development of insurance, the purpose of this article was to identify and prioritize factors affecting the design of knowledge-based products and tools in the insurance industry. The method of this research was mixed analysis. In the qualitative phase, the components and indicators were identified using content analysis and open and axial coding, and the relationships between concepts, dimensions, and components were determined by selective coding. In the quantitative stage, the identified components were ranked using the fuzzy hierarchical analysis method. In this research, the dimensions and components identified in the qualitative analysis including development factors, inhibiting factors, environmental inhibitors and environmental stimuli and their priority were also determined. According to the presented results, inhibitory factors had the highest weight and environmental stimuli had the lowest weight. Among the inhibiting factors, the index of financial restrictions for new and creative programs had the highest weight and the index of mismanagement for strategies had the lowest weight.

The purpose of this study was creation of an interactive model of human resource development strategies at the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The present study was a mixed research. The statistical population in the qualitative part included experts knowledgeable in the research topic while the statistical population of the quantitative part included all middle and senior managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth in different scientific levels and ranks, heads of several federations who had managerial experience at this ministry and finally managers who had recently retired. The total statistical population was 168 people; due to the limited statistical population, the statistical sample was considered equal to the statistical population. The research tools included semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire that was designed based on the objectives and research methods used. The whole process of data analysis was performed in SPSS and PLS software. Based on the results of the present study, eight factors of reducing political pressures, learning organization, succession, career path, coaching, meritocracy, providing opportunities for prosperity, recruitment and talent identification were categorized. Finally, using structural modeling, a conceptual model of the research was drawn. The results showed that all the relationships of the research model had a significant effect due to having a T level higher than 1.96. Therefore, using the findings of this study in the future plans of the Ministry of Sports and Youth in the field of human resources can improve the general and specialized level of employees' abilities and increase the motivation to perform the assigned activities with maximum capacity in employees.

Accounting standards are one of the most important items that auditors are exposed to in the field of financial reporting, and due to the reaction of the accounting and auditing profession to the changes in the business environment, the aforementioned standards are constantly being changed and updated. The setting of standards is influenced by the approaches (principle-based approach and rule-based approach) that the setters of standards choose when setting and approving them. The current research sought to investigate the impact of accounting standards development approaches on the assurance level and the level of diagnostic and non-diagnostic evidence requested by auditors. In this regard, this issue was investigated by using the modelling of structural equations and a quasi-experimental scenario that was manipulated in two levels. The findings from the participation of 212 members of Iranian CPAs (independent auditors) indicated that principles-based standards have a positive and significant effect on the level of diagnostic and non-diagnostic evidence requested by the auditor. This result proves that the ambiguity in principles-based standards will lead to the auditor's effort to obtain more evidence of both diagnostic and non-diagnostic types. In addition, the obtained results showed that the accounting standards-setting approaches do not have a significant effect on the level of confidence in the decision-making of the research subjects.