JOURNAL OF TORBAT HEYDARIYEH UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2020 | Volume:8 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Background & Aim: Cardiac functional adaptations are affected by gender, age, intensity and type of exercise. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of endurance, resistance, concurrent training on the cardiac function. Methods: Forty healthy middle-aged women (mean age 44. 62± 3. 45 years, height 157. 75± 4. 87 cm and weight 73. 27± 10. 64 kg) were randomly divided into four groups (10 person in each group): Control, Endurance, Strength and Concurrent. The training program was conducted in a period of eight weeks, three sessions per week. Endurance group runs on the treadmill with the intensity of 65% to 80% of the maximal heart rate, the resistance group performed eight exercises with the intensity of 65% to 80% of one-repetition maximum and the concurrent group included performing half of both endurance and resistance training in each session. Cardiac function variables were measured by m-mode and 2-D echocardiography. Results: End-diastolic volume, stroke volume, cardiac output, and cardiac output index increased significantly in the endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercise groups after exercise (P≤ 0. 05). Also ejection fraction showed a significant increase in endurance and concurrent exercise groups (P≤ 0. 05). Conclusion: Eight weeks of endurance, resistance and concurrent training improve cardiac function in healthy middle-aged women. Also, the effect of concurrent training is more than endurance training and endurance training is more than resistance training.

Background & Aim: Self-efficacy is one's belief in successful behavior. According to studies, mothers who have lower self-efficacy find delivery unattainable. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acceptance-and commitment-based counseling on self-efficacy in primiparous women. Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 70 first pregnant women with gestational age of 28-32 weeks referring to health centers in Mashhad. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of 35 intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, counseling based on acceptance and commitment approach was held for 4 sessions, one session per week, and in the control group, routine pregnancy care was performed. Data collection tool was demographic-midwifery questionnaire and self-efficacy questionnaire. Self-efficacy was measured in the two groups before intervention in week 28-32. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20) and chi-square and t-test. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significant. Results: Self-efficacy scores after intervention were 126. 25± 13. 67 in the intervention group and 96. 27± 34. 91 in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0. 001). Conclusion: Counseling with an acceptance-and commitment-based approach during pregnancy increases self-efficacy of natural childbirth in primiparous women.

Background & Aim: Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) and betaine are safe factors in bone fracture repair. This study aimed to compare the effects of these two stimuli on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hADSCs). Methods: After obtaining written informed consent, cells were extracted from abdominal adipose tissue and then cultured in vitro until the third passage. Experimental groups were as follows: cells cultured in α-MEM and serum (control), in osteogenesis differentiation medium containing 10 mM Betaine (BET + OD), in α-MEM containing Betaine (BET), in OD and wave (50HZ and 1mT) (OD +EMF) and in the wave alone (EMF). Then, osteogenic differentiation was assessed by morphology, evaluating the qualitative and quantitative Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and real time PCR of RUNX2 and OCN genes. Results: There was a significant increase in the formation of calcium deposits, alkaline phosphatase activity and also the expression of RUNX2 and OCN genes in OD + BET group compared to BET and OD + EMF groups. At the end of day 7, a significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in the EMF group compared to the OD + EMF and the BET groups. There was also a significant decrease in the expression of OCN gene in the EMF compared to the BET group. Conclusion: In this study, synergistic effect of betaine and EMF on osteogenesis of hADSCs was demonstrated and this could be used for fracture repair and tissue engineering.

Background & Aim: Plant extracts can change the expression of genes in cancer cells. Up to now, no study has been performed on the effect of algae extract. The aim of this research was to investigate the changes in Bax apoptotic gene expression in glioblastoma cell line and to determine the rate of cell death in cancer cells treated with Dunalilla salina extract. U87 cell line contains glioblastoma cancer cells as the most acute type of human brain tumor. Several genes, including Bax, play important roles in initiating apoptosis and the expression of Bax decreases during cancer. Today, because of the side effects of chemical drugs, the tendency to use algae and medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases has increased. Methods: The U87 cell line was prepared from Iranian Biological Resources Center and cultivated. Cells were divided into two treatment and control groups. Dunaliella extract was affected on the treatment group with concentrations of 0. 5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 50 and 100 mg/ml and its toxicity was measured using MTT assay. Bax expression was examined by Real time PCR. RNA was extracted from the cells of the treatment and control group and the cDNA was made. The expression of genes was evaluated using Real time PCR and Δ Δ Ct. Results: The result of MTT indicated that IC50 was 10. 01 mg/ml for 48 hours of treatment. By using Real Time PCR, it was found that in these cells, the expression level of Bax apoptotic gene increased 4-fold (p-value <0. 001). Conclusion: Treatment with algae extract increased gene expression and destroyed cancer cells. It is suggested to investigate the effect of other algae extracts on the expression of other genes involved in apoptosis.

Background & Aim: Social anxiety is one of the most common problems among adolescents that significantly impact social development. Dialectical behavior therapy has been studied in a wide range of mental health problems and disorders. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of skill training based on dialectical behavior therapy on emotional regulation, social avoidance and distress in adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test with a control group, the statistical population consisted of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years with a social anxiety disorder, who referred to counseling centers in District 6 of Tehran during 2019 years. Thirty subjects who met the study’ s input criteria were selected by the available sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (n=15). The experimental group received dialectical behavior therapy-based skill training in 12 sessions of 120 min. The emotional regulation, social avoidance and distress were investigated at both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software through a covariance analysis. Results: The mean of age of the subjects was 12. 93± 3. 20 years and 13. 00± 3. 10 years in experimental and control groups, respectively. Following the balanced pre-test scores, the results showed that dialectical behavior therapy could decrease social anxiety disorder (P<0. 0001) and negative emotional regulation (P<0. 0001 ) in adolescents with social anxiety disorder in post-compared to pre-test, while, no significant difference was found between groups for pre-test and post-test in control group (P>0. 05). Conclusion: Skills training based on dialectical behavior therapy could decrease social anxiety disorder and also emotional regulation in adolescents with social anxiety disorder and considered as an efficient therapy method.

Background & Aim: Obesity is a metabolic disorder that can be controlled and prevented by increasing calorie consumption and reducing calorie intake from food. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) on lipid profile and body composition in overweight and obese men. Methods: 30 overweight or obese men volunteers were equally randomized into three groups of HIIT (2. 5-4 minutes of activity with 85-95% of maximum heart rate and 2. 5-4 minutes of light walking), HIRT (3-6 sets with an intensity of 80-85% of 1RM, 6-8 repetitions and 30-60 seconds rest between each movement and 120 seconds rest between each set), and control. The training program lasted for 8 weeks (three sessions per week). Before and after the last training session, blood samples were taken from all subjects in a fasting state to measure serum levels of the lipid profile. Subjects were also measured for physiological variables (body fat percentage, muscle strength and body mass index (BMI) and aerobic power). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures at the significance level of P <0. 05. Results: Weight, body fat percentage, TG and LDL serum levels were decreased significantly in HIIT and HIRT groups compared to the control group, and HDL levels and lower body muscle strength increased significantly. However, upper body muscle strength increased significantly only in HIRT group compared to the control group. The aerobic power and BMI indicators did not differ significantly between the three groups. Conclusion: It seems that HIIT and HIRT can be used as an effective protocol in improving lipid profile, body composition and physical fitness in overweight and obese men. However, the effect of HIRT protocol is more potent than HIIT.

Background & Aim: Hospital waste requires special management due to the high level of hazardous properties. Regarding the fact that the incorrect disposal of medical waste is a serious threat to the environment and public health, health workers have a special role in this regard. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior on the risk of infectious leukemia among health workers working in Torbat Heydariyeh health care centers. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study in which 110 health workers working in Torbat Heydariyeh health center participated. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: control and intervention. Data were collected through a questionnaire. Then a training session (question and answer) was held for two hours by the researcher and at the end each participant was given an educational pamphlet on the topic. The variables were evaluated for 2 months after the intervention. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software, paired t-test, independent t-test, and Chi-square. Results: The mean scores of the two groups in terms of knowledge, attitude, performance, behavioral intention, mental norms and perceived behavioral control were not significantly different before the study. After training, the mean scores of all the above variables in the test group increased significantly (P <0. 05) but the mean scores of the control group did not differ significantly (P> 0. 05). Conclusion: The organization of educational sessions based on the theory of planned behavior increases the level of knowledge and skills of health care workers for proper disposal of infectious wastes.

Background & Aim: Sex education is an action that has been taken from the earliest times of human life, with the aim of balanced growth of sexual instinct and plays an important role in shaping the personality of individuals. The present study aimed to investigate factors affecting the sexual education of students in Torbat Heydariyeh. Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study. The population was male and female high school students in Torbat Heydariyeh, during the academic year of 2019-2020. Using Cochran's formula and quota sampling method, 300 students were selected as samples. The data collection instrument in this study was a standard sexual self-efficacy questionnaire devised by Vaziri and Lotfi (2013) based on Schwartzer General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GSE-10) (1981). Data were analyzed by SPSS 24 through step-by-step multiple regression, the relationship between variables and the dependent variable was measured. Results: The results revealed that there is a direct and significant relationship (P <0. 001) between the seven main and dependent variables. The adjusted R2 in the third step showed that sexual education methods (Beta=0. 262) had the highest predictive power, family factors Beta=0. 433, and family factors (B =-0. 443) and personality traits (B = 0. 630) are in other rankings. Conclusion: The present study investigated the effect of some factors on sex education and found that among the considered variables, sexual education methods, family factors and personality traits of individuals, had the highest predictive power and effect on adolescent sexual education given the sensitivity of the issue and its impact on various aspects of people's lives, identifying the effective factors, helps families, society and those in charge of the education system to take a better path to cultivate this important educational dimension.