Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal
Year:2018 | Volume:17 | Issue:4|Papers Count:10

Background and Objectives: Chest pain is one of the major complications of tricuspid valve regurgitation. Propranolol is a nonselective beta blocker that is commonly used to treat hypertension, irregular heartbeat, and cardiac pain and migraine headaches. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of oral propranolol on chest pain in children with tricuspid valve regurgitation. Subjects and Methods: In this clinical trial, 38 children aged 5 to 16 y with a symptom of chest pain due to moderate and severe tricuspid valve regurgitation were randomly divided into two groups. The case group was treated with propranolol 10 mg daily (0/5-1 mg/kg/d). Before and three months after the intervention, echocardiography was performed to assess the severity of tricuspid valve regurgitation, cardiac output, systolic and diastolic pressure and pulmonary blood pressure. In addition, patients were questioned about the duration and frequency of chest pain. Results: There was no significant difference between both groups in relation to the gender, residence location, associated heart disease and pain severity. Before intervention, pulmonary blood pressure, tricuspid valve regurgitation and ejection fraction were not significantly different between intervention and control groups. Tricuspid valve regurgitation had a significant and positive correlation with pulmonary blood pressure (P<0. 001 and r = 0. 755). The response rate to treatment in the intervention group was 12 (63. 2%) and in the control group was 4 (21. 1%), which showed statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Propranolol significantly reduces chest pain in children with tricuspid valve regurgitation.

Background and Objectives: Considering non-invasiveness, sensitivity and appropriateness of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and its ability to detect prostate lesions in the early stages; this systematic review aimed to review the MRS efficacy to distinguish benign and malignant prostate lesions. Subjects and Methods: PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Cochran and Scopus databases were explored using the MRS & prostate, prostate, prostatitis, BPH, and MRS keywords. The obtained results were screened for the title and abstract by two authors and related studies were selected for our systematic review. Results: Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRS were 74. 03, 74. 27 and 77. 26%, respectively in differentiating benign and malignant prostate lesions. The increase of choline and myoinozytol, reduction of citrate and polyamine, and the ratio of the higher sum of choline and creatine to citrate in malignant lesions were presented as the main markers. Conclusion: MRS, as a non-invasive method, has an acceptable level of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy comparable to other clinical and pathological methods.

Background: Post-endodontic pain is one of the main problems for both patients and clinicians. The purpose of this study was to compare the analgesic effect of single doses of three oral medications of ibuprofen, naproxen and sulindac in management of postoperative pain following root canals treatment (RCT). Subjects and Methods: This randomized controlled tripleblinded study was conducted on 100 patients with irreversible pulpitis. The patients were randomly divided into four groups of 25 patients each: the control group receiving a placebo and three experimental groups receiving a single dose of either ibuprofen (400 mg), naproxen (500 mg) or sulindac (200 mg) 30 minutes before treatment. The intensity of pain was measured based on visual analog scale (VAS) at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 72 h after routine root canals treatment. Results: The pain scores were not significantly different immediately after intervention (time 0) between the control and study groups (P> 0. 05). At the 3, 6, 12 and 24 h postoperative intervals, the intensity of pain in the experimental groups was significantly lower than placebo (P<0. 001). Ibuprofen was significantly more effective than naproxen and sulindac at 3 and 6 h postoperative (P<0. 05). The analgesic effect of naproxen and sulindac were similar at all-time points (P>0. 05). Conclusion: A single oral dose of Ibuprofen, naproxen and sulindac before root canal treatment reduced postoperative pain. However, premedication with ibuprofen is more effective in the first 6 hrs in controlling post-endodontic pain than naproxen and sulindac.

Background and Objectives: Bacillus anthracis is the cause of the fatal anthrax. Use of vaccine is one of the effective ways to combat anthrax. Vaccines should be biocompatible and non-toxic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity effect of free and encapsulated forms of Bacillus anthraise recombinant protective antigen by double-block PLA-PEG and PCL-PEG copolymers on the epithelial cell line of the African green monkey (Vero). Subjects and Methods: In this experimental study, the Bacillus anthraise recombinant protective antigen (PA63) was expressed in E. coli and purified by nickel column affinity chromatography. Subsequently PA63 was encapsulated by PLA-PEG and PCL-PEG double-block copolymers using water-in-oil-in-water solvent evaporation method. Finally, PA63 and nanoparticles cytotoxicity test were performed using the standard MTT test on the Vero cell line. Results: Results of the MTT test revealed the non-toxicity of the candidate vaccine. Also, the mortality rate of the cells tested against the encapsulated antigen in the nanoparticles was lower than the free antigen. Conclusion: The nano-vaccine formulation can be used to reduce the toxicity of a vaccine produced and eventually acquire an effective and biocompatible recombinant vaccine.

Background and Objectives: β-thalassemias are monogenic disorders characterized by defective synthesis of the β-globin chain. Because of a wide variation in the ethnic population in Iran, it is expected that a concurrent incidence of a range of mutations exist. The objective if this study was to estimate this variation among patients referred to our center in Khuzestan province, Iran. Subjects and Methods: We studied the frequency of β-thalassemic mutations in all patients with β-thalassemia major referring to Ahvaz's Shafa Hospital from 2011 to 2015. Results: The mutations in 1608 alleles were detected by studying the genetic records of 804 patients. The IVSII-1 mutation with 17. 72% frequency was the most common mutation. CD36/37 with 16. 29%, IVSI-110 mutations with 11. 1%, CD6 mutation with 11. 19%, and CD8 mutation with 9. 95% were the other most commonly occurring mutations, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that β-thalassemia mutations in the population of Khuzestan province have a wide-spread and distribution. Success in pre-natal diagnosis of disease require sufficient knowledge on the common mutations of this disease.

Background and Objectives: Diabetes is one of the most important metabolic diseases can lead to endothelial dysfunction. Appropriate sport activity is recommended as a nonpharmacological option for control of its complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of continuous aerobic exercise on serum nitric oxide levels, insulin resistance, and some lipid profiles in diabetic male rats. Subjects and Methods: We randomly divided 60 male Wistar rats (200± 20) into 6 groups of 10 rats per group: nondiabetic control, sham, aerobic, aerobic+salin, diabetic, diabetic-aerobic. Diabetes was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocinnicotinamide. The rats were put into treadmill training for 6 weeks and 5 sessions/week. The rats were killed 48 h after the last training session and the levels of glucose, insulin, NO, HOMA-IR, LDL, HDL, TG and cholesterol were measured. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’ s test was used for statistical analysis (P<0. 05). Results: Diabetes increased the levels of glucose and HOMA-IR, but significantly reduced insulin and NO levels. After 6 weeks of aerobic training, glucose and insulin resistance decreased and nitric oxide levels increased compared with the diabetes group. But there was no effect on the level of insulin serum level. Furthermore, a 6-week aerobic training did not have a significant effect on lipid factors among all groups (P<0. 05). Conclusion: It seems that aerobic training has a protective effect on vascular diseases in diabetic patients.

Background and Objectives: Despite an important role of core muscles in proximal stability during dynamic activity, our knowledge about the function of core muscles stabilizers in people with patellofemoral pain syndrome )PFPS( is quite limited. In this study, the endurance and function of the core muscles in females with PFPS compared to healthy females. Subjects and Methods: Participants in this study were 20 females with diagnosis of PFPS, and 20 healthy females matched for age, weight, height, and activity level. Endurance of the back extensors, the lateral flexors and function of abdominal muscles were tested using the Sorensen, the side bridge and the straight leg lowering tests, respectively. Independent t-test was used for comparison between two groups. Results: The endurance of back extensors (P=0. 003), left lateral flexors (P =0. 005) and function of abdominal muscles (P =0. 022) in the PFPS group were significantly lower than the healthy group. Conclusion: Reduction in the lower trunk endurance might be a contributing factor to PFPS in females.

Background and Objectives: Anger and resilience are the psychological components that arise in the stressful conditions of the working environment. Kataria laughter therapy with physical and mental effects can change the mental status of the individual. In this study, the effect of Katariya laughter therapy on anger and resilience of petrochemical personnel of Jam Aslouyeh in 2017 was investigated. Subjects and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest and post-test design. Seventy people were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were gathered using a threepart questionnaire (demographic information, Spielberger anger questionnaire, and Conner and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire). The intervention included eight sessions, each of 1. 5 h duration. Data was analyzed using SPSS-v22 software. Results: The mean of anger and resilience in the pre-test phase were 179. 21 and 83. 40, respectively, which was reduced significantly in the post-test phase at 139. 53 and 99. 00, respectively. The results of paired t-test showed significant differences in the status of anger (-39. 68) and resiliency (+15/60) in the post-test phase compared to the pre-test stage (P <0. 05). Conclusion: The mean of anger among employees is more than average, which requires appropriate measures. Given the effectiveness of Kataria laughter therapy intervention, it is recommended that this approach be included in training courses and staff development programs to provide conditions for improving their mental status.

Background and Objectives: Surgery on the lower impacted third molar usually involves trauma in the connective tissue area, leading to inflammatory sequelae including bleeding, pain and swelling during the immediate post-operative phase. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of gelfoam soaked with dexamethasone on bleeding, swelling and pain control after mandibular third molar surgery. Subjects and Methods: This is a randomized controlled singleblind split-mouth study conducted on 25 patients requiring surgical removal of bilateral mandibular impacted third molar. All the patients underwent routine dental extractions of mandibular molar teeth. In the intervention group, Gelfoam soaked in dexamethasone (8 mg) was placed into the extraction socket postoperatively and the control group received no drug. The intensity of pain, swelling and bleeding was evaluated based on visual analog scale (VAS) on the first, third and sixth day after surgery. Results: The pain and swelling scores was not significantly different on the three postoperative days between the control and study groups (P>0. 05). There was a significant reduction in bleeding on the third postoperative day in the study group compare to control (P=0. 007), but in the first and sixth day difference between the control and study group was not significantly different (P=0. 311 and P=1. 000 respectively). Conclusion: Placing the Gelfoam soaked in dexamethasone into the extraction site has no efficacy on reduction of postoperative pain and swelling, and therefore we do not recommend this treatment modality for reduction of postoperative sequelae.

Background and Objective: Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that can occur within a year after delivery and influence the mother and even the baby. Because antidepressant medications have numerous side effects, they should be used cautiously especially in nursing mothers. Niacin is involved in the synthesis of serotonin and also no side effects have been reported for its use at low doses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of niacin on postpartum depression in female mice models. Subjects and Methods: In this study seventy two NMARI adult female mice were used: control, untreated depressed group (receiving progesterone), four depressed groups were treated with 25, 50, 100 or 200 mg/Kg niacin for 1 day and three depressed groups were treated for 8 days with 25, 50 or 100 mg/Kg niacin. The mice getting 5 mg/Kg of progesterone for 5 days were intraperitoneally depressed. The control group did not receive any drug or solvent. Depression was assessed using the forced swim test on the eighth day. Results: Niacin prescribed in single dose of 50 (mg/Kg) (P=0. 002) and also at a dose of 50 (mg/Kg) for 8 days (P=0. 000) caused a significant reduction in the immobilization time in the depressed mice undergone forced swim test, compared to untreated depressed mice. Conclusion: Prescription of progesterone promoted immobilization-induced depression in mice. Niacin reduced the duration of immobility in the forced swimming test.