MEDIA STUDIES
Year:2013 | Volume:7 | Issue:19|Papers Count:14

Political development means a process through which simple absolute systems are taken over by public vote systems, political parties and civil beurocracies. Reaching this system requires, from one hand the awareness and public movement, and from other hand, sovereign‘s acceptance will. Nowadays, public media are necessary tools for reaching this end, because public media have had great influence on social, political and cultural aspects of society.This paper tries to deal with the position of internet in political development. In other words, can computer communication pave the way for political development.It can be said that internet, because of being interactive, simultaneously communicative, omnipresent, and also because of lack of central control, ownership, and censorship escape, has prepared a good place for lost aspect of political participation and democracy.In general, internet is a good tool for developing political and participatory development and new media have presented new skills and factors in political campaigns.

This is an article Based on a Dissertation on public relations field. The present study has been carried out in order to present an appropriate model for performance evaluation of public relations in Iranian economic and commercial organization.This research has three phases.First; reviewing the literatures refer to Organizational Excellence, Quality Model & Pattern and public relations.Second; designing a model for performance evaluation of public relations based on Quality Model & Pattern and Implication of public relations and next verifying and validating the model whit the help of experts.Third; evaluating the performance of public relations in some economic and commercial organizations using questionnaires and interviews.The findings of this research will help managers of economic and commercial organizations to improve their methods of public relations management. Using this model also will help the public relations managers to utilize a systematic, scientific and applicable means of discovering and salving problems instead of doing this two by chance.

The study of the press history in Iran shows that our newspapers - except for a short time – have never had freedom. Press freedom is the freedom of the media and the freedom that means the extent to which citizens can access media content.Clearly, many factors within and outside organizational influence this phenomenon. In this study we examine the political factors affecting the development of press freedom. The main objective of the study is to identify the realization of political factors affecting the development of press freedom in the country. For this purpose, using the survey method and preparing a researcher-made questionnaire, and by classifying all political factors into categories of "Press Law", "constitution", "state media strategy" and "the development of civil society in Iran, " and also, by using statistical models of t single - group and multiple regression, it is aimed to evaluate press freedom predictability from these variables and the realization of each of these components of the respondents' view.The statistical population includes all working journalists in the newspaper in Iran.Results show that from the research samples’ view, the realization of relevant components of the "press law", press strategy of governments and civil society development in the "press freedom" is less than average. Although they believed that components of the supporting the free speech and press, the cession of the press to private sectors and preventing inquisition according to the Iranian constitution is above average. But, the lack of implementation of the relevant provisions in the law is acknowledged.In addition, multivariate regression analysis to predict the "press freedom" through the "Press Law", "constitution", "state media strategy" and "the development of civil society in Iran, " shows the relationship between "Press Law", "constitution", "state media strategy" and "the development of civil society in Iran, " and" press freedom" is observed. In other words, the predictability of the "press freedom" through the "Press Law", "constitution", "state media strategy" and "the development of civil society" is expected.

Islamic identity is a kind of collective identity that establishes a connection between the individuals and the society. It can also establish a connection between two other issues: How I see myself and how others see me. Globalization can be perceived as a natural and automatic situation which takes shape based on modern global conditions and communication technologies. In reality, globalization has led to the strengthening of Islamic beliefs and identity because globalization weakens ethnical, territorial and national identities. Furthermore, the need for regaining identity attracts individuals to religious identity. Consequently, the more globalization has spread, the more Islamic identity has appeared outstanding, especially among Islamic countries. This issue can be perceived by investigating the individuals’ religious beliefs in 80s (solar calendar) which is about Iranian people’s views toward religion. Islamic identity has the same view toward individuals and its main tool is religion and religious beliefs, but globalization views individuals from the standpoint of Western philosophy and has chosen cyberspace as its main tool. Naturally the extent to which the cyberspace is available in the age of communications indicates the extent of inequity. This inequity leads to the lack of fair availability to information for everybody. Thus, putting forth the issue of globalization (the general concept) brings globalization (the specific concept) or westernization to mind which is about to eliminate all the obstacles in its way including identities, and especially Islamic identity.

Since information technology has created broad and dramatic political-social developments, new and unique ethical problems have emerged in this field that needs addressing. IT has not only affected everyday actions and measures, but has also changed the way people understand them. Some of the concepts in the field of ethics and political philosophy with specific applications have been challenged with the development of information technology, including the concepts of ownership, privacy, distribution of power, fundamental freedoms and ethical responsibility to be mentioned.Cultural and moral system which now prevails in cyberspace is merely the ethics in modern Western society with special historical characteristics of western society after Renaissance. The normal and cultural system has affected the two characteristics of "broad and deep materialism and seeking the welfare" and" opposition to the past and any traditional and religious principles".This research aims to test of moral norms in cyberspace (Internet) in a descriptive - analytical method and it is applied. The population includes those using Yahoo chat room in Reginal (Asia) and Country and Culture (Persian) the majority of whom is Farsi-speakers. From the 500 sent messages, 70 people according to sex, marital status, age, education, and location were talked with about sex issues.Results showed that the number of men was more than women and more virtual conversations room and most of the respondents were at most 30 years old and unmarried. The use of modern technology also was directly associated with education so that 70 percent of respondents had a bachelor degree or higher. According to the main feature of cyberspace in which the identity of users remains hidden, so adventuresome and deconstruction in the expression of views is more widespread. Thus, sex issues and finding sex partner is quite commonly discussed by the majority of users in cyberspace and this is more concerned among men than among women.

Nowadays in most parts of the world, the companies' value is evaluated based on their reputation, not based on their properties. And this is when the most of the companies, just through holding famous, good reputation among people, they hold more value than their movable and non movable properties. This situation started since the emergence of the commercial brands and when media advertisement became more prevalent. But in Iran, the media reputation for organizations still the organizations media reputation is neglected as a strategic resource or it is not regarded as organizational properties.So this paper has been written, aming to show up the media reputation role as a strategic resource. To achieve this goal, we have utilized from several strategic management and in this way the scientific proof has been mentioned for the above said topic.

The present study sought to examine the Students of media literacy and factors social - cultural and that their influence on media literacy. Research methodology in this study is to survey and the questionnaire is a tool for gathering information. students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran Shargh, that during the 90-91 years are studying. that their number is 13317 people of which 400 were selected as examples Through Cochran formula. In the first stage sampling method was disproportionate stratified sampling The criteria for classification have been type of school, gender and educational level, after selecting classes, the sample was randomly selected. In the framework of the two theories: Uses and gratifications and knowledge gap theory Is used. Research hypotheses were tested by T, F and Pearson statistics. The results of this study showed: Media Literacy is not associated with gender, Marital, educational Field, age and socio-economic status. But Media literacy is associated with educational level, Cultural Capital, Media Consumption, Trust the Media, Media interest rates and Use impetus Media. Correlation coefficient is equal to 0.852 which indicating that this independent variables simultaneously are correlated approximately 0.85 with the Media Literacy. The adjusted coefficient of determination is equal to 0.725, This is to reflect that about 72.5 percent of Media Literacy students can be explained by the investigated independent variables. And the remaining 27.5 percent are due to factors outside of the observations is investigated in this study.

This research was done through methods of survey and interview in two economic newspapers - "Donyaye Eghtesad" and "Sarmaye" - during years 1387 and 1388. In this research the sampling units are 35 journalists and staff of these two newspapers. Sampling was done randomly. Hypothesis (assumptions) and questions are mostly related to the organizational problems of the newspapers such as professional rules of interaction between newspapers' staff, journalists and managers. On the other hand, the researcher has considered in the other Dimension of journalism ethics. Although fail or success of the survey research mostly results in truth, deep interviews have been done with managers and secretaries of these two newspapers. The result of these interviews can be found in the section of strengths (advantages) and weaknesses (disadvantages) and their argument has been used in the analysis. What follows is the result of this research in which most assumptions of the scholar focus on the rules of professional conduct and ethics rules governing the relations between journalists and managers. At the initial level of the research, it was assumed that many of the rules of professional conduct in the organization of the newspapers mentioned above were violated so that journalists were regarded just as administrative staff of a bureaucratic organization. With regard to this bureaucratic process and their relative growth in advertisement, newspapers did not fulfil their functions as a communication means covering the latest news.

The main aim of this research is to study the impact of media diplomacy on cultural exchange. The population of this research is limited in area communities, since the research could not access to all of the population. The refore, the population of this research is limited to the infinite population. According to the thesis's assumptions, the simple random order used for sampling that includes 33. The method of this research in terms of purpose is practical (applied) and data gathering is descriptive and correlation type. The reseacher's made questionnaires was used for data collecting. Face and content related validity was obtained by suing the available sources and connoisseurs' opinions and their validly through tentative execution and calculation of cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.90. The research finding showed that media diplomacy impact on acculturation except these factors; creating a new culture by composing the former and dominant culture in a country, exchanging professors and students among the countries, laws and regulations to promote cultural relations with other countries, implementation agreements, memorandum of understanding and cultural exchange programs among countries and the impact of media diplomacy on providing good image in the international arena, were above the avaerge and the rest of the said factors is medium.

In recent decades, Iran society has seen conflicts between parents and children. These conflicts finally led to the generation gap phenomenon. This paper has tried to study the relationship between national media and generation gap. This research is important because it studies role television and shows to what extent it causes to increase generations gap and to what extent it caused to decrease the generations gap. In this paper, Mannheim theory has been used. He regards the generation position as field of acquiring experience and included the persons who were born at the same time and under the same socio-cultural conditions and experienced the similar historical events. This research has been done using the survey method and questionnaire in two Islamic Azad Universities, Sciences and Research Branch and East Tehran Branch including 414 participants. The used statistical techniques included tables of frequency and central indices, correlation coefficient and variance analysis. Findings show that generally there is no generation gap between the parents and children and there is general consensus between them. However, this consensus is higher in some fields and lower in some other fields. On the other hand, there is the highest consensus in praying, fasting, girl and boy friendship and there is the lowest consensus in visiting the relatives, spending leisure time and shopping. Findings also show that there is more generation gap between the children who are more willing to watch foreign serials and their parents. Results of this research show that the national media is not effective on the generation gap.

Every society faces various developmental problems, regarding their cultural and social situation which leave devastating effects on their improvement and progress. Lack of managers with adequate cultural intelligence to face various cultural situations to mention one.The present study attempts to answer questions like: Whether the managers of Fars news agency cultural institute at capital cities enjoy the ample rate of cultural intelligence in diverse dimensions.Whether there is a meaningful relationship between the rate of their cultural intelligence and their ability to promote personnel involvement in capital cities.This is a descriptive survey regarding the applied goals and the method of finding scientific data. The statistical population in this survey includes the managers and professionals at Fars news agency cultural institute as its statistical population and sampling was chosen by whole counting method. Questionnaires were distributed among all the members and the 240 returned questionnaires where analyzed.As a whole, it should be mentioned that the variety to the metacognitive cultural intelligence (With the Coefficient of 421.0), cognitive cultural intelligence (With the Coefficient of 394.0), motivational cultural intelligence (With the Coefficient of 365.0) and behavioral cultural understanding (With the Coefficient of 314.0) affects the rate of involvemnet at Fars news agency cultural institute in capital cities.

Research goal is to study the effect of computer games on compatibility, mental ability, social redationships, actiuities level and covective recreation, level of watching TV, effect of computer games on level of relationship with fanmily, violence level, effect of computer games on stress, educational quality addiction to playing game, trying to reach the goal, level of utilizing brain, level of enter tainability of games, level of concentration and educational as pect of games and level of using computer games, In this study we used descriptive method of correlation. Statistical community of this study includes all girl and boy students of jubilance course in Tehran. Because of scape of the statistical community, sample population in chosen as multistage randon race morse of the respective community. Data contention tool in this study was a scholer - made questionnaire. In order to measure reliability we used kronebach alphabet and SPSS software, which resulted in number 0.861. Oescriptive and inductive statistics were used for data analysis, in hypothesis test section we used chisquere test and independent groups.Final research results showed that there is no difference between mental ability of students who use computer games compared to those who don’t case thses games. There is no different between level of activities and hobbies used by students who use computer games compared to those who don’t use them there is no difference between social relation ships of students who use computer games compared to those who use computer games. And effect of computer games on other variables is meaning full.

"Virtual social groups are groups of people in social networksthan Are in the same situation who have the Interest due or connected with common sense". The characteristics of virtual social groups are: Reference, communication being themselves, having international dimensions, Prevalent throughout or The gradual, The ability to mobilize, Reformersversus the revolution, Specialty and Having multiple, Bringing forth to results, Low cost, non Surveillance, Obscurity and anonymity, Members uncountable, Through norms and laws, move in Members, Different tracks Group action, Perfect young, Women's participation, Privatization and Etc.The role of virtual communities in social movements is also increasingly. In the past, . More attention to the political demands of the social movements. The majority of them also did not succeed. But the new position in a growing number of social movements and It is possible achieve more objective.Efficient governments, Necessary for the ongoing use of the opportunity to make their governance structure And the achievements of technology are most profit, And the use of citizen participation in community administration and Governments should use the potential of citizens.

Key role of public relations in an organization with their audience And the use of new communication and information technology functions of quantitative and qualitative improvement in the field of public relations is.Emphasis on information technology, tools and services to meet the needs of the audience is of superior quality. Therefore, the information technology public relations as a management tool, it can be useful, therefore, can be a good way to provide electronic public relations managers, companies and institutions to put in place and extensive interaction with the audience and your organization their opinions are informed.